台州市男性HIV阳性者和HIV阴性者吸烟率及其影响因素的比较

宁晨曦; 陈潇潇; 林海江; 乔晓彤; 何纳; 丁盈盈

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.12.004

台州市男性HIV阳性者和HIV阴性者吸烟率及其影响因素的比较

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.12.004

1.
200032 上海, 复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室, 公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室
2.
318000 台州, 浙江省台州市疾病预防控制中心

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2018ZX10721102-004

国家自然科学基金 81872671

详细信息

通讯作者:
丁盈盈, E-mail: dingyy@fudan.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-01
- 修回日期: 2019-06-17
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-10

Comparison of prevalence and correlates of smoking between males with and without HIV-infection in Taizhou City

1.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
2.
Taizhou Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou 318000, China

Funds:

China National Science and Technology Major Projects on Infectious Diseases 2018ZX10721102-004

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81872671

More Information

Corresponding author: DING Ying-ying, E-mail: dingyy@fudan.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的比较台州市男性人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）阳性者和HIV阴性者吸烟率并分析其影响因素，为台州市HIV阳性者有针对的制定和实施控烟措施提供依据。方法基于"HIV与衰老相关疾病前瞻性队列研究"的基线数据，收集人口学、吸烟相关特征等信息。最终纳入分析3 785名男性研究对象，应用SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析。结果男性HIV阳性者当前吸烟率为33.9%（95% CI：31.4%~36.5%），低于HIV阴性者（46.3%，95% CI：44.3%~48.3%）；男性HIV阳性者以前吸烟率为14.1%（95% CI：12.3%~16.1%）略高于HIV阴性者（12.5%，95% CI：11.2%~13.9%），差异有统计学意义（χ²=56.81，P < 0.001）。男性HIV阳性者中，知晓感染后戒烟率为23.7%。使用多因素二分类Logistic回归模型分析显示，相较HIV阴性者，HIV阳性者当前吸烟的影响因素除职业、体重指数（body mass index，BMI）、日常锻炼以外，还包含年龄（40~岁，OR=1.87，95% CI：1.28~2.74，P=0.001；≥ 50岁，OR=2.30，95% CI：1.56~3.39，P < 0.001）、同性传播途径（OR=0.45，95% CI：0.35~0.59，P < 0.001）。结论台州市男性HIV阳性者目前吸烟状况仍然较普遍，且知晓HIV感染后曾尝试戒烟率较低。可通过加强男性HIV阳性者戒烟意识并结合影响当前吸烟的因素采取有针对性的措施控烟。
- 男性 /
- HIV阳性者 /
- 吸烟
Abstract: Objective To analyze and compare the prevalence and correlates of smoking among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men in Taizhou City, and to provide this for the development and implementation of tobacco control measures for HIV-infected population. Methods We used baseline data from the ongoing prospective cohort study of Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou(CHART), China. 3 785 men were included in analysis. We collected basic characteristics, smoking behaviors, and so on. All analysis were performed using SAS 9.3. Results Compared to HIV-uninfected men, the prevalence of current smoking was lower(33.9%, 95% CI: 31.4%-36.5% versus 44.6%, 95%CI: 44.3%-48.3%) but prevalence of previous smoking was higher(14.1%, 95% CI: 12.3%-16.1% versus 12.5%, 95% CI: 11.2%-13.9%; χ²=56.81, P < 0.001). Among male HIV-positive people, the rate of smoking cessation after infection was 23.7%. Multivariate multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to HIV-uninfected men, in addition to occupation, body mass index and regular exercise that were associated with current smoking, older age(40-50years, OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.28-2.74, P=0.001; ≥ 50 years, OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.56-3.39, P < 0.001) and homosexual transmission(OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.35-0.59, P < 0.001) were also associated with current smoking among HIV-infected men. Conclusions Cigarette smoking remains highly prevalent among HIV-infected men in Taizhou City, but with low self-reported smoking cessation rate even after knowing their HIV-positive status. Targeted measures can be taken to control tobacco by strengthening the awareness of HIV-positive persons to quit smoking and combining the factors affecting current smoking among HIV-infected population.
- Males /
- HIV-infected individuals /
- Smoking

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图 1 以前吸烟、当前吸烟及戒烟指标间的关系图

Figure 1. Diagram of previous smoking, current smoking and smoking cessation indicators

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表 1 不同特征的男性HIV阳性者和HIV阴性者的吸烟情况[例(比例)]

Table 1. Smoking status in different characteristics among HIV-infected and uninfected males [n(%)]

	HIV阳性者						HIV阴性者
	合计 (n=1 367)	从不吸烟 (n=711)	以前吸烟 (n=193)	当前吸烟 (n=463)	χ²/t值	P值	合计 (n=2 418)	从不吸烟 (n=996)	以前吸烟 (n=302)	当前吸烟 (n=1 120)	χ²/t值	P值
年龄(岁)					78.89	< 0.001					250.27	< 0.001
18~	287	190(66.2)	20(7.0)	77(26.8)			543	312(57.5)	14(2.6)	217(39.9)
30~	299	179(59.9)	27(9.0)	93(31.1)			582	250(42.9)	33(5.7)	299(51.4)
40~	360	180(50.0)	48(13.3)	132(36.7)			542	198(36.5)	58(10.7)	286(52.8)
≥50	421	162(38.5)	98(23.3)	161(38.2)			751	236(31.4)	197(26.2)	318(42.4)
职业					24.17	< 0.001					49.02	< 0.001
农民/工人	850	430(50.6)	140(16.5)	280(32.9)			1314	486(37)	186(14.2)	642(48.9)
公务员/老师/职员等	45	36(80.0)	1(2.2)	8(17.8)			151	82(54.3)	12(8)	57(37.8)
未就业(家务/学生/退休等)	177	90(50.9)	23(13.0)	64(36.2)			369	182(49.3)	56(15.2)	131(35.5)
其他	295	155(52.5)	29(9.8)	111(37.6)			584	246(42.1)	48(8.2)	290(49.7)
文化程度					31.17	< 0.001					122.03	< 0.001
初中及以下	905	425(47.0)	152(16.8)	328(36.2)			1 478	487(32.9)	240(16.2)	751(50.9)
高中及以上	462	286(61.9)	41(8.9)	135(29.2)			940	509(54.2)	62(6.6)	369(39.3)
婚姻状况					37.72	< 0.001					85.29	< 0.001
单身	425	269(63.3)	34(8.0)	122(28.7)			599	653(38.1)	247(14.4)	814(47.5)
已婚	708	329(46.5)	125(17.7)	254(35.9)			1 714	323(53.9)	32(5.3)	244(40.7)
再婚/离异/丧偶	234	113(48.3)	34(14.5)	87(37.2)			105	20(19.1)	23(21.9)	62(59.1)
BMI(kg/m²)					5.42	0.067					6.94	0.031
< 24	1040	531(51.1)	140(13.5)	369(35.5)			1 538	507(40.8)	136(11.0)	599(48.2)
≥24	327	180(55.1)	53(16.2)	94(28.8)			1 176	489(41.6)	166(14.1)	521(44.3)
腰围					0.41	0.813					13.16	0.001
正常	856	449(52.5)	117(13.7)	290(33.9)			1 378	578(41.9)	143(10.4)	657(47.7)
偏高(中心性肥胖)	511	262(51.3)	76(14.9)	173(33.9)			1 040	418(40.2)	159(15.3)	463(44.5)
日常锻炼					5.17	0.076					27.92	< 0.001
否	882	439(49.8)	128(14.5)	315(35.7)			1 660	638(38.4)	193(11.6)	829(49.9)
是	485	272(56.1)	65(13.4)	148(30.5)			758	358(47.2)	109(14.4)	291(38.4)
抑郁^a(x±s)	13.8±4.4	13.8±4.5	13.7±4.3	13.9±4.4	0.24	0.887	11.4±3.1	11.1±3.0	11.7±3.0	11.6±3.2	30.90	< 0.001
HIV相关变量											-	-
HIV感染途径					92.15	< 0.001
异性传播及其他	808	336(41.6)	153(19.0)	319(39.4)			-	-	-	-
同性传播	559	375(67.1)	40(7.2)	144(25.8)			-	-	-	-
确诊HIV感染时间(年)					10.68	0.005					-	-
< 1	437	211(48.3)	81(18.5)	145(33.2)			-	-	-	-
≥1	930	500(53.8)	112(12.0)	318(34.2)			-	-	-	-
cART时间(年)					1.97	0.113					-	-
未知治疗	99	41(41.4)	16(16.2)	42(42.4)			-	-	-	-
< 3	796	425(53.4)	118(14.8)	253(31.8)			-	-	-	-
≥3	472	245(51.9)	59(12.5)	168(35.6)			-	-	-	-
最近CD4细胞计数 (个/μl)^b					12.64	0.002					-	-
< 350	508	251(49.4)	94(18.5)	163(32.1)			-	-	-	-
≥350	856	460(53.7)	99(11.6)	297(34.7)			-	-	-	-
注：^a缺失5人；^b缺失3人。cART: combination antiretroviral therapy, 联合抗逆转录病毒治疗。

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表 2 男性HIV阳性者以前和当前吸烟的单因素和多因素二分类Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis of factors related to previous or current HIV-infected smokers

	单因素				多因素^a
	以前吸烟		当前吸烟		以前吸烟		当前吸烟
	cOR(95% CI)值	P值	cOR(95% CI)值	P值	cOR(95% CI)值	P值	cOR(95% CI)值	P值
年龄(岁)
18~	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
30~	1.43(0.78~2.65)	0.250	1.28(0.89~1.85)	0.182	1.45(0.77~2.74)	0.255	1.37(0.93~2.01)	0.115
40~	2.53(1.45~4.44)	0.001	1.81(1.28~2.56)	0.001	2.14(1.18~3.89)	0.012	1.87(1.28~2.74)	0.001
≥50	5.75(3.40~9.71)	< 0.001	2.45(1.74~3.46)	< 0.001	3.98(2.25~7.05)	< 0.001	2.30(1.56~3.39)	< 0.001
职业
农民/工人	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
公务员/老师/职员等	0.58(0.37~0.89)	0.014	1.10(0.83~1.47)	0.515	0.14(0.02~1.07)	0.058	0.47(0.21~1.05)	0.067
未就业(家务/学生/ 退休等)	0.79(0.48~1.29)	0.339	1.09(0.77~1.56)	0.626	1.25(0.74~2.14)	0.405	1.48(1.01~2.17)	0.042
其他	0.09(0.01~0.63)	0.016	0.34(0.16~0.75)	0.007	0.93(0.58~1.49)	0.765	1.41(1.04~1.92)	0.027
文化程度
初中及以下	1.00		1.00		-		-
高中及以上	0.40(0.28~0.58)	< 0.001	0.61(0.48~0.79)	< 0.001	-	-	-	-
婚姻状况
单身	0.33(0.22~0.50)	< 0.001	0.59(0.45~0.77)	< 0.001	-	-	-	-
已婚	1.00		1.00		-	-	-	-
再婚/离异/丧偶	0.79(0.51~1.22)	0.293	1.00(0.72~1.38)	0.987	-	-	-	-
BMI(kg/m²)
< 24	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥24	1.12(0.78~1.60)	0.546	0.75(0.57~1.00)	0.048	1.03(0.70~1.51)	0.882	0.64(0.48~0.86)	0.004
腰围
正常	1.00		1.00
偏高(中心性肥胖)	1.11(0.80~1.54)	0.520	1.02(0.80~1.30)	0.858	-	-	-	-
日常锻炼
否	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
是	0.82(0.59~1.15)	0.244	0.76(0.59~0.97)	0.028	0.86(0.60~1.22)	0.392	0.75(0.58~0.97)	0.031
抑郁得分	0.99(0.96~1.03)	0.715	1.01(0.98~1.03)	0.720	-	-	-	-
HIV感染途径
异性传播及其他	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
同性传播	0.23(0.16~0.34)	< 0.001	0.40(0.32~0.52)	< 0.001	0.34(0.22~0.50)	< .001	0.45(0.35~0.59)	< 0.001
确诊HIV感染时间(年)
< 1	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥1	0.58(0.42~0.81)	0.001	0.93(0.72~1.19)	0.550	0.55(0.39~0.79)	0.001	0.84(0.64~1.10)	0.212
cART时间(年)
＜3	1.00		1.00		-	-	-	-
≥3	0.84(0.59~1.18)	0.311	1.08(0.85~1.38)	0.522	-	-	-	-
最近CD4细胞计数 (个/μl)
< 350	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥350	0.58(0.42~0.79)	0.001	0.99(0.78~1.27)	0.963	0.84(0.60~1.19)	0.337	1.22(0.94~1.59)	0.135

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表 3 男性HIV阴性者以前和当前吸烟的单因素和多因素二分类Logistic回归分析

Table 3. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis of factors related to previous or current HIV-uninfected smokers

	单因素				多因素^a
	以前吸烟		当前吸烟		以前吸烟		当前吸烟
	cOR(95% CI)值	P值	cOR(95% CI)值	P值	cOR(95% CI)值	P值	cOR(95% CI)值	P值
年龄(岁)
18~	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
30~	2.94(1.54~5.62)	0.001	1.72(1.35~2.19)	< 0.001	2.25(1.09~4.67)	0.029	1.15(0.84~1.56)	0.385
40~	6.53(3.55~12.02)	< 0.001	2.08(1.62~2.67)	< 0.001	4.30(2.08~8.91)	< .001	1.16(0.82~1.63)	0.396
≥50	18.60(10.54~32.82)	< 0.001	1.94(1.52~2.47)	< 0.001	11.56(5.71~23.39)	< .001	1.06(0.75~1.50)	0.729
职业
农民/工人	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
公务员/老师/职员等	0.51(0.36~0.73)	< 0.001	0.89(0.73~1.10)	0.281	0.96(0.48~1.92)	0.904	0.82(0.56~1.19)	0.295
未就业(家务/学生/ 退休等)	0.80(0.57~1.13)	0.214	0.55(0.42~0.70)	< 0.001	0.85(0.58~1.25)	0.403	0.68(0.52~0.89)	0.005
其他	0.38(0.20~0.72)	0.003	0.53(0.37~0.75)	< 0.001	0.82(0.56~1.19)	0.289	1.06(0.85~1.32)	0.589
文化程度
初中及以下	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
高中及以上	0.25(0.18~0.34)	< 0.001	0.47(0.39~0.56)	< 0.001	0.69(0.47~1.01)	0.053	0.56(0.45~0.70)	< 0.001
婚姻状况
单身	0.26(0.18~0.39)	< 0.001	0.61(0.50~0.74)	< 0.001	0.87(0.54~1.41)	0.570	0.89(0.68~1.16)	0.380
已婚	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
再婚/离异/丧偶	3.04(1.64~5.63)	< 0.001	2.49(1.49~4.16)	0.001	2.54(1.34~4.81)	0.004	2.35(1.39~3.96)	0.001
BMI(kg/m²)
< 24	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥24	1.27(0.98~1.64)	0.074	0.90(0.76~1.07)	0.236	1.10(0.83~1.45)	0.509	0.82(0.69~0.99)	0.034
腰围
正常	1.00		1.00		-		-
偏高(中心性肥胖)	1.54(1.19~1.99)	0.001	0.97(0.82~1.16)	0.770	-		-
日常锻炼
否	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
是	1.01(0.77~1.32)	0.962	0.63(0.52~0.75)	< 0.001	1.10(0.82~1.47)	0.541	0.74(0.61~0.90)	0.003
抑郁得分	1.07(1.02~1.11)	0.002	1.06(1.03~1.09)	< 0.001	1.02(0.98~1.07)	0.350	1.04(1.01~1.07)	0.007
注：^a单因素分析中P < 0.15的变量纳入多因素分析，采用倒退选择法以P < 0.10纳入多因素分析。cOR: Crude odds ratios, 粗比值比; aOR: adjusted odds ratio, 调整比值比; 95%CI: 95%confidence interval, 95%置信区间。

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