Analysis on HIV/AIDS surveillance among pregnant women in Taizhou City from 2014 to 2018
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摘要:
目的 分析泰州市孕产妇艾滋病感染现状、艾滋病防治知识知晓情况及其影响因素，为当地防控策略制定和干预效果评估提供科学依据。 方法 采用现况调查的研究方法，于2014-2018年每年的监测期内，在两家妇幼保健院分别连续每次抽取400名调查对象人群进行问卷调查并采血。 结果 5年共监测孕产妇4 000人，29.9%去过外地打工，艾滋病防治知识总体知晓率为91.2%，历年知晓率存在统计学差异且总体呈上升趋势（均有P < 0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，孕产妇35岁及以上、大专以下和丈夫前往外地打工艾滋病知识知晓率低。共检出艾滋病感染者2例，HIV感染率为0~0.1%。 结论 泰州市孕产妇艾滋病感染率处于较低水平。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the time trend of HIV epidemic and to provide basis for comprehensive HIV infection prevention among pregnant women. Methods From 2014 to 2018, continuous cross-sectional surveys were conducted among pregnant women in two maternity and child health care hospitals. 800 blood samples were collected each year to test HIV infection, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Results A total of 4 000 eligible pregnant women completed the interview and blood testing. The awareness rate of knowledge about HIV/AIDS was 91.2%, and the rate was increasing year by year. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the awareness rate was associated with at age of more than 35, with lower education than college and the husband used to work in other places. Conclusions The rate of HIV infection among PRGs was at a low level in Taizhou. -
Key words:
- Pregnant women /
- HIV /
- Surveillance /
- Influence factor
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表 1 不同特征孕产妇艾滋病知识知晓情况
Table 1. Awareness rates of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among pregnant women with different characteristics
特征 调查人数(%) 知晓人数(人) 知晓率(%) χ2值 P值 年龄(岁) 13.6 0.003 ≤19 49(1.2) 45 91.8 20~ 3 078(77.0) 2 813 91.4 30~ 597(14.9) 555 93.0 ≥35 276(6.9) 236 85.5 婚姻a - 0.240 在婚 3 941(98.5) 3 598 91.3 未在婚 59(1.5) 51 86.4 户籍a - 0.003 本省 3 674(91.9) 3 367 91.6 外省 326(8.2) 282 86.5 文化程度 22.1 < 0.001 文盲 4(0.1) 2 50.0 小学 78(2.0) 67 85.9 初中 1 245(31.1) 1 119 89.9 高中或中专 1 132(28.3) 1 025 90.5 大专及以上 1 541(38.5) 1 436 93.2 本人外出打工或经商 11.0 0.001 是 1 195(29.9) 1 063 89.0 否 2 805(70.1) 2 586 92.2 丈夫外出打工或经商 23.6 < 0.001 是 1 302(32.6) 1 147 88.1 否 2 698(67.5) 2 502 92.7 孕周数(周) 5.5 0.064 ≤12 1 365(34.1) 1 231 90.2 13~ 1 533(38.3) 1 395 91.0 ≥28 1 102(27.6) 1 023 92.8 怀孕次数(次) 6.2 0.100 1 1 859(46.5) 1 717 92.4 2 1 116(27.9) 1 011 90.6 3 568(14.2) 508 89.4 ≥4 457(11.4) 413 90.4 生育次数(次) 6.9 0.030 0 2 352(58.8) 2 168 92.2 1 1 556(38.9) 1 400 90.0 ≥2 92(2.3) 81 88.0 注：a表示采用Fisher精确检验。 
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表 2 孕产妇艾滋病知识知晓情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Awareness rates of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among pregnant women[n(%)]
年份 知晓率[n(%)] 艾滋病知识回答正确率(%) 外表识别 蚊虫叮咬 同桌吃饭 输入血液 共用针具 母婴传播 用安全套 单一性伴 2014 690(86.3) 82.6 63.5 82.0 97.7 97.5 95.8 90.1 90.5 2015 703(87.9) 82.9 61.4 80.0 98.0 97.9 94.1 90.6 87.1 2016 748(93.5) 92.1 78.5 90.0 97.4 98.8 97.9 93.8 92.8 2017 761(95.1) 94.9 78.4 89.0 98.6 99.8 99.4 94.4 94.6 2018 747(93.7) 94.0 77.1 90.6 99.0 99.4 98.3 92.9 93.1 χ2值 60.9 123.1 116.1 66.3 7.3 22.0 50.1 16.2 35.5 P值 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 0.120 0.002 ＜0.001 0.003 ＜0.001 Z值 6.8 10.0 8.8 6.8 1.9 4.4 5.4 3.1 4.1 P值 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 0.055 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 0.002 ＜0.001 合计 3 649(91.2) 89.3 71.8 86.3 98.2 98.7 97.1 92.4 91.6
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表 3 艾滋病知晓情况多因素Logistic回归分析结果
Table 3. Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis on AIDS awareness
变量 比较组 参照组 β值 sx Wald值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 年龄(岁) ≥35 ＜35 -0.57 0.18 9.68 0.57(0.40~0.81) < 0.001 文化程度 大专及以上 大专以下 0.35 0.12 8.00 1.42(1.11~1.80) < 0.001 丈夫前往外地打工或经商 是 否 -0.52 0.11 20.89 0.59(0.48~0.74) < 0.001
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表 4 孕产妇血清学检测结果
Table 4. Results of serological tests among pregnant women in sentinel surveillance
年份(年) 检测人数(人) HIV感染情况 梅毒感染情况 丙肝感染情况 感染人数(人) 感染率(%) 感染人数(人) 感染率(%) 感染人数(人) 感染率(%) 2014 800 1 0.1 4 0.5 1 0.1 2015 800 0 0 2 0.3 0 0 2016 800 0 0 4 0.5 0 0 2017 800 1 0.1 3 0.4 0 0 2018 800 0 0 5 0.6 1 0.1
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