北京市某地区教师慢性病健康知识、生活方式与工作场所健康服务利用通径分析

刘婧楠; 姜学文; 闫丽艳; 李伟豪; 杨超; 云青萍; 常春

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.01.011

北京市某地区教师慢性病健康知识、生活方式与工作场所健康服务利用通径分析

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.01.011

1.
100191 北京, 北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系
2.
102100 北京, 北京市延庆区疾病预防控制中心健康教育科

详细信息

通讯作者:
常春, E-mail:changchun@bjmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-17
- 修回日期: 2019-09-30
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-10

Path analysis of the relationships among health knowledge of chronic diseases, lifestyle and utilization of workplace health services of teachers in a district of Beijing

1.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Education y School of Public Healthy Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
Department of Health Education, Yanqing District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102100, China

More Information

Corresponding author: CHANG Chun, E-mail:changchun@bjmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解北京市某区教师健康知识、行为生活方式、工作场所健康服务利用情况对慢性病的影响路径。方法采用自行设计问卷进行调查, 通过通径方法进行数据分析。结果该地区教师慢性病患病率为51.5%, 排名前三位的疾病分别是腰或脊椎疾病(19.0%)、高血压(12.5%)和胃肠炎(11.1%)。调查对象随着年龄增长超重肥胖率逐渐升高, 且男性教师超重肥胖率高于女性, 差异有统计学意义(χ²=119.313, P < 0.001)。超重肥胖、健康相关知识和工作场所健康服务利用对慢性病产生直接作用。健康生活行为与方式以超重肥胖为中间变量对慢性病产生间接作用。结论该地区教师健康水平一般。今后应关注教师这一类职业人群, 特别是将男性作为该工作场所健康教育重点干预对象, 预防与控制其超重肥胖发生率, 提高其健康知识水平, 培养健康生活习惯, 同时加大工作场所健康资源的投入。
- 教师 /
- 健康知识 /
- 生活方式 /
- 工作场所健康服务利用 /
- 慢性病 /
- 通径分析
Abstract: Objective To understand the influence path of occupational health knowledge, behavior and lifestyle, and utilization of workplace health service on chronic diseases of teachers in a district of Beijing. Method A self-designed questionnaire was used among teachers in a district of Beijing through path analysis. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in occupational population was 51.5%. The top three diseases were lumbar or spinal diseases(19.0%), hypertension(12.5%) and gastroenteritis(11.1%). The rate of overweight and obesity increased with age, and male teachers were higher than that of female teachers which was statistically significant(χ²=119.313, P < 0.001).Overweight-obesity, health related knowledge and utilization of workplace services made direct effects on chronic diseases. Healthy behaviors and lifestyles made indirect effects on chronic diseases by overweight-obesity. Conclusions The teachers' health in this district was not bad. It is recommended that we should pay attention to the population of teachers, especially the male so that to prevent and control the incidence of overweight and obesity, improve their health knowledge level and develop healthy habits, and increase the input of health resources in the workplace.
- Teachers /
- Health knowledge /
- Lifestyle /
- Utilization of workplace health services /
- Chronic diseases /
- Path analysis

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图 1 慢性病健康知识、生活方式与工作场所健康服务利用通径图

Figure 1. Path figure of chronic health knowledge, lifestyle and utilization of workplace health services

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表 1 不同特征调查对象慢性病状况、知识行为及工作场所服务利用状况分析(x±s)

Table 1. Analysis of chronic disease status, knowledge behavior and service utilization in the workplace(x±s)

变量	健康相关知识	健康生活行为与方式	工作场所服务利用	超重肥胖[n(%)]	慢性病[n(%)]
性别
男	14.399±4.791	30.152±3.610	3.237±1.151	273(70.2)	215(55.3)
女	14.027±4.707	32.667±3.000	3.162±1.122	536(38.0)	704(49.9)
χ²/t值	1.073	16.782	1.130	127.469	3.480
P值	0.300	< 0.001	0.259	< 0.001	0.067
年龄(岁)
< 35	13.770±4.966	31.547±3.234	3.211±1.108	151(28.8)	166(31.6)
35~	14.021±4.595	32.314±3.195	3.133±1.113	325(46.4)	391(55.8)
≥45	14.107±4.726	32.417±3.455	3.204±1.167	333(58.1)	362(51.5)
χ²/F值	3.671	11.516	0.949	96.291	119.313
P值	0.026	< 0.001	0.387	< 0.001	< 0.001

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表 2 各连续变量间的Pearson相关性分析

Table 2. Person correlation analysis of continuous variable

变量	健康相关知识	健康生活方式与行为	工作场所服务利用	超重肥胖	慢性病
健康相关知识	1.000
健康行为与生活方式	0.094^a	1.000
工作场所健康服务利用	0.053^a	0.022	1.000
超重肥胖	0.087^a	-0.090^a	-0.019	1.000
慢性病	0.069^a	-0.210	-0.021	0.175^a	1.000
注:^a表示P < 0.05。

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表 3 慢性病影响因素的效应分解

Table 3. Effect decomposition of influencing factors of chronic diseases

影响因素	直接效应	间接效应	总效应	总效应排序
超重肥胖	0.170	-	0.170	1
健康相关知识	0.055	0.015	0.070	2
健康行为与生活方式	-	-0.017	-0.017	3
工作场所健康服务利用	-0.021	-	-0.021	4

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