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摘要:
目的 描述与新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的歧视现象, 并探讨其影响因素。 方法 采用自行设计的电子问卷调查新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的歧视现象。通过Logistic回归分析模型分析歧视的影响因素。 结果 在湖北省内人员返程问题上, 有67.2%的学生认为存在偏见。在非湖北籍或湖北省外学生中, 歧视湖北籍或湖北省内人员者占7.0%, 认为“由于担心病毒传播而产生的歧视是可以理解的, 但感到沮丧”者占64.9%, 53.1%的学生认为社会上对病毒感染确诊或疑似者的歧视严重。在湖北籍或湖北省内学生中, 感受到歧视者占22.3%, 认为“由于担心病毒传播而产生的歧视是可以理解的, 但感到沮丧”者占59.7%。年龄、性别、籍贯、学校所在地、假期居住地和教育程度均与歧视现象有关(均有P < 0.05)。 结论 在高校学生看来, 新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间对湖北人的歧视现象客观存在, 应及时采取措施消除污名化。 Abstract:Objective To describe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)related prejudice and explore the associated factors. Methods A self-designed electronic questionnaire was used to describe the prejudice and Logistic regression analyses model was adopted to identify significant influencing factors on prejudice. Results On the issue of personnel in Hubei returning back, 67.2% of students believed that there was a prejudice. Among students who were not from Hubei, 7.0% of them were discriminatory against people who were from Hubei, 64.9% of them thought the prejudice was understandable but frus-trated because of fear of virus transmission, and 53.1% of them thought that the prejudice against diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 people was serious in society. Among students from Hubei, 22.3% of them felt about prejudice, and 59.7% of them believed that the prejudice was understandable, but depressed due to fear of virus transmission. Age, sex, hometown locality, school location, vacation residence, and education level were related to the prejudice(all P < 0.05). Conclusions To college students, COVID-19 related prejudice from people in Hubei was objectively existing, thus measures should be taken timely to eliminate the stigma associated with the epidemic. -
Key words:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 /
- Prejudice /
- Hubei /
- Students
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表 1 Logistic回归分析模型变量赋值
Table 1. Variable assignments in Logistic regressions
变量名称 赋值说明 性别 1=男, 2=女 教育程度 1=专科, 2=本科, 3=硕士, 4=博士 学校所在地 0=其他城市, 1=广州市 假期居住地 1=城市, 2=城镇, 3=农村 假期居住省份 1=广东, 2=湖北, 3=其他省份 家庭史 0=无, 1=有 个人经停湖北史 0=无, 1=有 家庭经停湖北史 0=无, 1=有 
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表 2 研究对象基本特征[n(%)]
Table 2. 2 The basic characteristics of participanis [n(%)]
基本特征 人数(%) 性别 女 20 221(45.5) 男 24 232(54.5) 受教育程度 专科 580(1.3) 本科 39 151(88.1) 硕士 3 836(8.6) 博士 886(2.0) 学校所在地 广州 24 386(54.9) 其他城市 20 067(45.1) 假期居住地 城市 16 449(37.0) 城镇 11 872(26.7) 农村 16 132(36.3) 假期居住省份 广东省 35 087(78.9) 湖北省 494(1.1) 其他省份 8 872(20.0) 家庭史 75(0.17) 个人近2周湖北经停史 1 170(2.6) 家庭近2周湖北经停史 1 491(3.4)
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表 3 不同学校、受教育程度、假期居住地学生对歧视存在与否的认识[n(%)]
Table 3. 3 The recognistion of prejudice to students from different schools, education levels, and vacation residences [n(%)]
变量 问题1a 问题2b 问题3c 回答为“是” 29 893(67.2) 3 061(7.0) 157(22.3) 学校 南方医科大学 9 041(20.3) 725(1.7) 83(11.8) 广东金融学院 7 925(17.8) 915(2.1) 23(3.3) 五邑大学 12 432(28.0) 1 387(3.2) 49(7.0) 佛山科技学院 495(1.1) 34(0.1) 2(0.3) 受教育程度 专科 349(0.8) 31(0.1) 0(0.0) 本科 26 510(59.6) 2 826(6.5) 119(16.9) 硕士 2 505(5.6) 174(0.4) 32(4.6) 博士 529(1.2) 30(0.1) 6(0.9) 假期居住地 城市 11 187(25.2) 1 246(2.8) 62(8.8) 城镇 8 085(18.2) 828(1.9) 45(6.4) 农村 10 621(23.9) 987(2.3) 50(7.1) 假期居住省份 广东省 23 645(53.2) 2 558(5.8) 38(5.4) 湖北省 383(0.9) 1(0.0) 115(16.4) 其他省份 5 865(13.2) 502(1.1) 4(0.6) 注:a问题1:在湖北省内的人员返程问题上, 您认为社会上目前是否存在歧视现象?b问题2:作为非湖北籍或湖北省外人员, 您是否对湖北籍或在湖北省内的人员存在歧视?c问题3:作为湖北籍或湖北省内人员, 您是否受到歧视?
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表 4 影响湖北省内人员返程歧视现象认识的相关因素分析
Table 4. Analyses of associated factors of prejudice on people from Hubei returning back
变量 β值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 年龄 -0.025 0.975(0.964~0.987) < 0.001 性别 女 0.062 1.064(1.021~1.109) 0.003 男 1.000 受教育程度 专科 -0.172 0.842(0.662~1.071) 0.161 本科 0.273 1.313(1.105~1.561) 0.002 硕士 0.189 1.208(1.029~1.418) 0.021 博士 1.000 学校所在地 广州 0.267 1.306(1.251~1.365) < 0.001 其他城市 1.000 假期居住地 城市 0.059 1.061(1.012~1.113) 0.014 城镇 0.071 1.073(1.020~1.130) 0.007 农村 1.000 假期居住省份 广东省 0.111 1.118(1.060~1.179) < 0.001 湖北省 0.389 1.476(0.667~3.264) 0.337 其他省份 1.000 家庭史 有 -0.100 0.905(0.553~1.481) 0.692 无 1.000 个人湖北经停史 有 0.168 1.183(0.995~1.407) 0.056 无 1.000 家庭湖北经停史 有 0.334 1.397(1.209~1.613) < 0.001 无 1.000
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表 5 湖北籍或在湖北省内的人员歧视现象的影响因素分析
Table 5. Analyses of associated factors of prejudice on people from Hubei
变量 β值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 年龄 0.014 1.014(0.993~1.037) 0.200 性别 女 -0.182 0.833(0.772~0.899) < 0.001 男 1.000 受教育程度 专科 0.590 1.804(1.040~3.130) 0.036 本科 0.873 2.394(1.582~3.621) < 0.001 硕士 0.390 1.476(0.985~2.213) 0.059 博士 1.000 学校所在地 广州 0.075 1.078(0.996~1.167) 0.064 其他城市 1.000 假期居住地 城市 0.247 1.280(1.172~1.397) < 0.001 城镇 0.146 1.158(1.051~1.274) 0.003 农村 1.000 假期居住省份 广东省 0.213 1.237(1.114~1.373) < 0.001 湖北省 -1.195 0.303(0.040~2.273) 0.245 其他省份 1.000 家庭史 有 0.939 2.558(1.368~4.781) 0.003 无 1.000 个人湖北经停史 有 0.068 1.071(0.771~1.488) 0.683 无 1.000 家庭湖北经停史 有 0.150 1.162(0.916~1.475) 0.216 无 1.000
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表 6 影响对歧视现象严重程度认识的相关因素分析
Table 6. Analysis of factors influencing the recognition of the severity of prejudice
变量 β值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 年龄 0.008 1.008(0.997~1.020) 0.137 性别 女 -0.150 0.861(0.828~0.895) < 0.001 男 1.000 受教育程度 专科 0.424 1.528(1.208~1.932) < 0.001 本科 0.433 1.542(1.304~1.824) < 0.001 硕士 0.357 1.430(1.222~1.672) < 0.001 博士 1.000 学校所在地 广州 0.040 1.040(0.999~1.084) 0.058 其他城市 1.000 假期居住地 城市 0.043 1.044(0.999~1.092) 0.057 城镇 -0.004 0.996(0.950~1.045) 0.880 农村 1.000 假期居住省份 广东省 -0.046 0.955(0.908~1.004) 0.071 湖北省 -0.054 0.947(0.509~1.761) 0.863 其他省份 1.000 家庭史 有 -0.149 0.862(0.544~1.367) 0.528 无 1.000 个人湖北经停史 有 -0.093 0.911(0.778~1.068) 0.251 无 1.000 家庭湖北经停史 有 0.202 1.224(1.077~1.391) 0.002 无 1.000
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