2009-2018年宁夏流行性感冒流行特征

孙伟; 高洁; 马莹; 黎晞; 龚瑞; 马岳; 李涛; 董军强

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.06.014

2009-2018年宁夏流行性感冒流行特征

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.06.014

750004 银川, 宁夏疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科

基金项目: 宁夏重点研发计划项目(2018YBZD0529);宁夏卫生计生系统重点研究课题(2018-NW-055)

详细信息

通讯作者:
孙伟, E-mail:nxcdcsw@163.com

中图分类号: R181.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-26
- 修回日期: 2020-03-31
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-10

Analysis on influenza surveillance data in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018

Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Department, Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750004, China

Funds: Ningxia Key Research and Development Project(2018YBZD0529); Research Topics of Health Family Planning System in Ningxia(2018-NW-055)

More Information

Corresponding author: Sun Wei, E-mail:nxcdcsw@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的分析宁夏2009-2018年流行性感冒(简称流感)样病例的流行病学特征, 揭示该地区流感的流行特点和规律, 为今后的防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集整理2009-2018年宁夏地区流感样病例报告相关数据, 利用Excel 2010软件和SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行整理和统计分析。结果 2009-2018年宁夏流感呈单峰流行, 发病高峰集中在冬春季; 10年间, 发病水平呈上升趋势(χ_趋势²=0.30, P < 0.001);宁夏五个市的平均流感样病例(influenza-like illness, ILI)百分比(简称ILI%)差异有统计学意义(χ²=0.199, P < 0.001); < 15岁人群流感样病例占比为56.08%;2009-2018年共检测ILI标本51 865份, 阳性5 358份, 阳性率为10.33%, 以甲型流感病毒为主(占78.74%), 但乙型流感病毒占比整体呈逐年递增的趋势; 10年间宁夏共报告流感暴发疫情17起, 且均发生在中小学校及托幼机构。结论 < 15岁人群是宁夏地区流感流行的重点关注人群, 建议每年10月份前推广流感疫苗的接种。同时应加强学校等人口聚集场所的流感防控工作, 各地区根据流感监测情况, 及时调整防控对策。
- 流感 /
- 流行特征 /
- 病原 /
- 暴发疫情
Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza like cases in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018, in order to reveal the epidemic characteristics and laws of influenza of Ningxia, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in the future. Methods The data of influenza case report, pathogen monitoring, influenza report and influenza outbreak report in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018 were collected through the China influenza surveillance information system, and the data were sorted out and analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0. Results From 2009 to 2018, the characteristics of influenza in Ningxia showed a single peak epidemic, with the peak concentrated in winter and spring, and the incidence level showed an increasing trend(χ_trend² = 0.300, P < 0.001); in the past 10 years, the average percentage of influenza like cases(ILI%) in five cities of Ningxia was different(χ² = 0.199, P < 0.001); the proportion of influenza like cases under the age of 15 accounted for 56.08%; From 2009 to 2018, a total of 51 865 throat swab specimens were collected and tested for ILI, in which 5 358 cases were tested positive(10.33%). Among the 5 358 positive cases, influenza A virus was the main virus(accounting for 78.74%), while influenza B virus accounted for an increasing proportion year by year.During the past 10 years, Ningxia reported a total of 17 influenza outbreaks, all of which occurred in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Conclusions From 2009 to 2018, the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic in Ningxia are obvious, but the dominant strains are different every year. Therefore, the prevention and control strategies should be adjusted in time according to the dominant strains.The population under 15 years old is the population with high incidence of influenza, which is suggested to promote the introduction of influenza vaccine before October every year, and focus on the influenza prevention and control work in schools and other population gathering places.
- Influenza /
- Epidemic characteristics /
- Pathogen /
- Outbreak

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图 1 宁夏2009-2018年ILI时间分布

Figure 1. The distribution of ILI in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018

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图 2 宁夏2009-2018年ILI%时间分布

Figure 2. The distribution of ILI% in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018

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图 3 宁夏2009-2018年ILI年龄分布

Figure 3. The age distribution of ILI in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018

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表 1 宁夏2009-2018年各市流感样病例及百分比分布[n(%)]^a

Table 1. 1 The ILI and ILI structure distribution in different regions of Ningxia from 2009 to 2018[n(%)]^a

年份	银川市	石嘴山市	吴忠市	固原市	中卫市	合计
2009	17 675(2.10)	884(1.09)	1 194(6.25)	783(2.71)	834(0.86)	21 370(2.00)
2010	5 859(0.63)	684(0.61)	446(1.02)	1 179(2.90)	1 531(1.26)	9 699(0.78)
2011	11 244(1.04)	420(0.36)	464(0.86)	500(1.05)	785(0.54)	13 413(0.92)
2012	19 001(1.24)	592(0.41)	557(0.60)	548(1.12)	723(0.40)	21 421(1.07)
2013	24 867(1.47)	1 204(0.75)	933(0.88)	658(1.32)	1 663(0.88)	29 325(1.33)
2014	21 160(1.12)	1 587(0.95)	1 413(1.08)	1 011(1.61)	2 667(0.10)	27 838(1.11)
2015	24 272(1.24)	1 827(1.11)	1 884(1.43)	763(0.85)	2 991(1.26)	31 737(1.23)
2016	27 430(1.29)	1 569(0.65)	2 199(1.41)	790(1.03)	3 435(1.33)	35 423(1.24)
2017	27 612(1.18)	2 736(1.01)	2 414(1.11)	718(0.67)	4 059(1.51)	37 539(1.17)
注:a括号外为流感样病例数, 括号内为流感样病例占门诊量百分比。

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表 2 2009-2018年不同型别流感病毒构成比及变化

Table 2. The subtypes structure and trends of influenza virus in Ningxia from 2009 to 2018

年份(年)	流感型别[n(%)]					合计(例)
年份(年)	季节性H1N1	季节性H3N2	新甲型H1N1	B(Victoria)	B(Yamagata)	合计(例)
2009	24(2.74)	187(21.32)	666(75.94)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	877
2010	1(0.39)	185(72.83)	68(26.77)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	254
2011	0(0.00)	80(28.99)	196(71.01)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	276
2012	0(0.00)	294(81.22)	68(18.78)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	362
2013	0(0.00)	65(16.25)	318(79.50)	0(0.00)	17(4.25)	400
2014	0(0.00)	329(42.73)	247(32.08)	0(0.00)	194(25.19)	770
2015	0(0.00)	248(56.62)	0(0.00)	169(38.58)	21(4.79)	438
2016	0(0.00)	366(39.96)	201(21.94)	340(37.12)	9(0.98)	916
2017	0(0.00)	247(37.14)	136(20.45)	2(0.30)	280(42.11)	665
2018	0(0.00)	14(3.50)	279(69.75)	2(0.50)	105(26.50)	400
合计	25(0.47)	2 015(37.61)	2 179(40.67)	513(9.57)	626(11.68)	5 358

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