Association between physical activity and prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling elderly
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摘要:
目的 探讨日常身体活动水平和体育锻炼习惯对社区老年人肌少症的影响。 方法 于2019年5月―8月招募≥65岁的老年人，通过亚洲肌少症诊断标准调查社区老年人肌少症患病率。采用自制问卷收集老年人一般人口学资料和生活习惯资料。采用国际体力活动量表（international physical activity questionnaire，IPAQ-s）对老年人日常身体活动量进行评估。使用Logistic回归分析模型分析肌少症与日常身体活动量、锻炼习惯之间的关系。 结果 社区老年人肌少症患病率为12.3%。在调整了人口学特征和生活习惯等混杂因素后，无锻炼习惯老年人肌少症患病率是有锻炼习惯者的2.759倍（OR=2.759，95% CI：1.213~5.919，P=0.017）。坚持锻炼年数每增加1年，老年人罹患肌少症的风险减少0.070（OR=0.930，95% CI：0.878~0.985，P=0.013）。每次锻炼时间增加1 h，老年人罹患肌少症的风险减少0.611（OR=0.389，95% CI：0.187~0.809，P=0.012）。 结论 我国≥65岁老年人肌少症患病率较高。尽早开始每周2 d以上、每次25 min以上的体育锻炼可降低老年人肌少症的患病风险。 Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of daily physical activity and exercise habits on sarcopenia in the community older people. Methods The community-dwelling elderly people aged 65 and above were recruited in May-August, 2019. The prevalence of sarcopenia was investigated by using the diagnostic criteria recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.The general demographic data and living habits of the elderly were collected by self-made questionnaire. The daily physical activity of the elderly was assessed by the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-s). Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between sarcopinia and daily physical activity, exercise habits. Results The prevalence of sarcopinia in the community-dwelling elderly was 12.3%. After adjusting the confounding factors such as demographic characteristics and living habits, the incidence of sarcopinia in the elderly with exercise habit was 2.759 times (OR=2.759, 95% CI: 1.213-5.919, P=0.017) lower than that in non-exercise habit. For every year that the number of years of regular exercise increased, the risk of sarcopenia decreased by 0.070 (OR=0.930, 95% CI: 0.878-0.985, P=0.013). Increases each additional hour of exercise in the elderly, the risk of sarcopenia decreased by 0.611(OR=0.389, 95% CI: 0.187-0.809, P=0.012). Conclusion The prevalence of sarcopinia is high among the elderly in China. The risk of sarcopinia can be reduced in the elderly by regular exercising as early as possible in middle age, for more than 2 days a week and more than 25 minutes each time. -
Key words:
- Physical activity /
- Exercise /
- Sarcopenia /
- Elderly
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表 1 老年人一般情况[n(%)]
Table 1. General information and in the elderly[n(%)]
变量 肌少症 Z值 P值 无(n=898) 有(n=126) 年龄(x ±s，岁) 71.01±4.88 74.98±7.28 -5.645 < 0.001 性别 -3.486 < 0.001 男 408(45.43) 28(22.22) 女 490(54.57) 98(77.78) BMI(x ±s，kg/m2) 24.80±3.00 21.42±2.92 -7.674 < 0.001 受教育程度 -1.888 0.059 文盲 34(3.78) 14(11.11) 小学 116(12.92) 18(14.29) 初中 228(25.39) 34(26.98) 高中及以上 520(57.91) 60(47.62) 月收入(元) -0.718 0.473 < 2 000 106(11.80) 20(15.87) 2 000~ 276(30.74) 38(30.16) 3 000~ 198(22.05) 28(22.22) 4 000~ 182(20.27) 22(17.46) ≥5 000 136(15.14) 18(14.29) 居住方式 -2.658 0.008 与配偶、子女同住 268(29.84) 26(20.64) 与配偶同住 470(52.34) 58(46.03) 与子女同住 126(14.03) 30(23.81) 独居 34(3.79) 12(9.52) 吸烟情况 -2.167 0.030 从不吸烟 684(76.17) 112(88.89) 已戒烟 100(11.14) 4(3.17) 吸烟 114(12.69) 10(7.94) 饮酒情况 -1.873 0.061 从不 632(70.38) 104(82.54) 偶尔 180(20.05) 10(7.94) 经常 22(2.44) 2(1.58) 每天 64(7.13) 10(7.94) 饮食习惯 -2.111 0.035 荤素均衡 592(65.92) 68(53.97) 荤食为主 68(7.58) 6(4.76) 素食为主 238(26.50) 52(41.27) 
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表 2 老年人日常体力活动量及体育锻炼情况[M(P25, P75)]
Table 2. Daily physical activity and exercise in the elderly [M(P25, P75)
变量 肌少症 t/χ2/Z值 P值 无(n=898) 有(n=126) 身体活动情况[n(%)] 8.699 0.003 有锻炼习惯 292(32.52) 18(14.29) 仅日常活动 606(67.48) 108(85.71) 坚持锻炼年数(年) 5.48(0.50, 6.00) 1.71(0.00, 0.50) 4.288 < 0.001 每次锻炼时间(h) 0.41(0.00, 0.67) 0.14(0.00, 0.00) 4.652 < 0.001 日常身体活动水平[n(%)] -1.946 0.052 低身体活动水平 80(8.91) 20(15.87) 中身体活动水平 514(57.24) 76(60.32) 高身体活动水平 304(33.85) 30(23.81)
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表 3 老年人锻炼习惯与体测结果的关系(x ±s)
Table 3. Relationship between exercise habits and physical measurement results in the elderly (x ±s)
变量 肌少症 t/χ2/Z值 P值 无(n=714) 有(n=310) BMI[n(%)] 11.162 0.011 体重过轻 32(4.47) 2(0.65) 体重正常 290(40.62) 148(47.74) 超重 294(41.18) 140(45.16) 肥胖 98(13.73) 20(6.45) 握力(kg) 26.06±8.98 27.79±7.92 -2.066 0.039 步行速度(m/s) 0.71±0.15 0.75±0.18 -2.051 0.041 RSMI(kg/m2) 7.34±2.12 7.44±2.01 -0.482 0.630
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表 4 老年人体育锻炼与肌少症的Logistic回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of physical exercise and sarcopenia in the elderly
变量 OR(95% CI)值 P值 OR(95% CI)值a P值 锻炼习惯 0.005 0.017 有 1.000 1.000 无 2.891(1.389~6.061) 2.759(1.213~5.919) 坚持锻炼时间(年) 0.920(0.863~0.981) 0.011 0.930(0.878~0.985) 0.013 每次锻炼时间(h) 0.388(0.201~0.751) 0.005 0.389(0.187~0.809) 0.012 注：a：调整年龄、性别、BMI、居住方式、吸烟情况、饮食习惯。
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