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新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间我国居民自我防护行为的特征及影响因素

唐丽娜,  盖琴宝,  邓文清,  王卫东

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文章导航 > 中华疾病控制杂志  > 2021 >  25(4): 389-394
唐丽娜, 盖琴宝, 邓文清, 王卫东. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间我国居民自我防护行为的特征及影响因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2021, 25(4): 389-394. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.04.004
引用本文: 唐丽娜, 盖琴宝, 邓文清, 王卫东. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间我国居民自我防护行为的特征及影响因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2021, 25(4): 389-394. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.04.004
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TANG Li-na, GAI Qin-bao, DENG Wen-qing, WANG Wei-dong. Self protective behavior patterns and influencing factors of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2021, 25(4): 389-394. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.04.004
Citation: TANG Li-na, GAI Qin-bao, DENG Wen-qing, WANG Wei-dong. Self protective behavior patterns and influencing factors of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2021, 25(4): 389-394. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.04.004
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新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间我国居民自我防护行为的特征及影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.04.004
  • 1.

    100872 北京，中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心

  • 2.

    264200 威海，山东外事职业大学管理学院

基金项目: 中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    王卫东，E-mail: wwd@ruc.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: R563.1

Self protective behavior patterns and influencing factors of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic

  • 1.

    National Survey Research Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

  • 2.

    School of Management, Shandong Foreign Affairs Vocational University, Weihai 264200, China

Funds: Special Funds for Central Universities to Build World-Class Universities (Disciplines) and their Distinctive Development
More Information

    摘要
  • 摘要:   目的  分析2020年我国居民在COVID-19疫情防控期间出门戴口罩、外出回家洗手、避免不必要外出和减少不必要聚会的行为特征，探讨以上4种个人防护行为的群体差异及其影响因素，从而为进一步做好疫情防控提供科学依据。  方法  从“2020年新冠疫情防控及其影响调查”中选取18周岁及以上的全国居民作为研究对象，共4 123人。采用χ2检验比较不同特征人群在出门戴口罩、外出回家洗手、避免不必要外出和减少不必要聚会4种行为上的差异，并利用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析4种行为的影响因素。  结果  调查对象做到上述4种个人防护行为的比例都很高，分别为96.09%、94.66%、91.12%和95.22%。同时存在群体差异，多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析显示，出门戴口罩的影响因素为性别(OR=2.40, P < 0.001)、城乡(OR=0.48, P < 0.001)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.27, P=0.001; OR=0.13, P < 0.001)；外出回家洗手的影响因素为性别(OR=2.18, P < 0.001)、分组年龄(OR=3.14, P < 0.001; OR=8.29, P < 0.001; OR=4.69, P < 0.001)、城乡(OR=0.73, P=0.050)、受教育程度(OR=1.53, P=0.059; OR=2.35, P < 0.001)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.70, P=0.089)；避免不必要外出的影响因素为性别(OR=2.05, P < 0.001)、分组年龄(OR=2.77, P < 0.001; OR=3.30, P < 0.001; OR=5.43, P < 0.001)、城乡(OR=1.64, P=0.001)、受教育程度(OR=1.50, P=0.026)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.73, P=0.056; OR=0.63, P=0.002)；减少不必要聚会的影响因素为性别(OR=1.97, P < 0.001)、分组年龄(OR=2.94, P < 0.001; OR=3.00, P=0.002; OR=3.33, P=0.003)、受教育程度(OR=0.52, P=0.032; OR=0.61, P=0.097)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.69, P=0.094; OR=0.58, P=0.006)。  结论  COVID-19疫情防控期间我国居民在个人防护方面总体做得很好，表现出一定的群体差异，相关政策的制定及个人防护的宣传应对特定人群和特定区域有所偏重。
    Abstract:   Objective  To analyze Chinese residents′ behavior characteristics in regards to wearing masks, washing their hands upon returning home, avoiding unnecessary leaving home and reducing unnecessary parties during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. To investigate the demographic differences and influential factors of the above four individual protective behaviors, and to provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control.  Methods  A total of 4 123 Chinese residents aged 18 years and over were selected from the 2020 COVID-19 Prevention and Control and Its Impact Survey. The Chi-square test was used to examine the differences in the four behaviors among different demographic groups, and multiple Logistic regression analysis models were used to analyze the factors of the four behaviors.  Results  The percentage of practicing the above four individual protective behaviors was very high, which were 96.09%, 94.66%, 91.12%, 95.22%, respectively. Meanwhile, there were significant difference among different groups. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the analysis main factors affecting wearing masks were gender (OR=2.40, P < 0.001), urban or rural area (OR=0.48, P < 0.001), whether in Wuhan (OR=0.27, P=0.001; OR=0.13, P < 0.001); for washing their hands upon returning home the factors were gender (OR=2.18, P < 0.001), group age (OR=3.14, P < 0.001; OR=8.29, P < 0.001; OR=4.69, P < 0.001), urban or rural area (OR=0.73, P=0.050), education level (OR=1.53, P=0.059; OR=2.35, P < 0.001), whether in Wuhan (OR=0.70, P=0.089); for avoiding unnecessary leaving home the factors were gender (OR=2.05, P < 0.001), group age (OR=2.77, P < 0.001; OR=3.30, P < 0.001; OR=5.43, P < 0.001), urban or rural area (OR=1.64, P=0.001), education level (OR=1.50, P=0.026), whether in Wuhan (OR=0.73, P=0.056; OR=0.63, P=0.002); and for reducing unnecessary parties the factors were gender (OR=1.97, P < 0.001), group age (OR=2.94, P < 0.001; OR=3.00, P=0.002; OR=3.33, P=0.003), education level (OR=0.52, P=0.032; OR=0.61, P=0.097), whether in Wuhan (OR=0.69, P=0.094; OR=0.58, P=0.006).  Conclusions  During the COVID-19 epidemic, Chinese residents did a good job in personal protection. But there were still group differences. So, the formulation of relevant policies and personal protection publicity should be varied based on specific groups of people and specific areas.
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  • 表  1  COVID-19疫情期间不同特征居民做到4类自我防护行为的比较[n(%)]

    Table  1.   Comparisons on four types of self-protective behavior among residents with different characteristics during the COVID-19 epidemic [n(%)]

    变量 出门戴口罩 χ2值 P值 外出回家洗手 χ2值 P值 避免不必要外出 χ2值 P值 减少不必要聚会 χ2值 P值
    个人特征
      性别 23.95 < 0.001 21.79 < 0.001 32.52 < 0.001 14.21 < 0.001
        男 2 573(94.95) 2 574(93.40) 2 573(89.16) 2 573(94.25)
        女 1 548(98.00) 1 548(96.77) 1 547(94.38) 1 548(96.83)
      分组年龄(岁) 0.75 0.861 54.77 < 0.001 78.95 < 0.001 59.45 < 0.001
        18~＜30 1 687(95.95) 1 688(91.59) 1 687(86.48) 1 687(92.18)
        30~＜50 1 620(96.17) 1 620(96.54) 1 619(94.19) 1 620(97.35)
        50~＜60 399(96.49) 399(98.25) 399(94.74) 399(97.49)
        ≥60 313(96.81) 313(96.49) 313(95.85) 313(97.76)
      城乡 39.36 < 0.001 14.21 < 0.001 4.58 0.032 0.72 0.395
        城市 3 165(97.16) 3 165(95.39) 3 164(90.61) 3 165(95.07)
        农村 940(92.66) 941(92.24) 940(92.87) 940(95.74)
      教育程度 7.69 0.021 4.09 0.130 1.81 0.405 12.09 0.002
        初中及以下 747(94.91) 747(93.17) 747(92.37) 747(97.59)
        高中、中专、技校 847(95.16) 847(94.81) 845(91.01) 846(95.27)
        大学专科及以上 2 527(96.76) 2 528(95.06) 2 528(90.78) 2 528(94.50)
      职业类型 29.80 0.001 25.18 0.005 22.30 0.014 21.81 0.016
        高级管理人员 213(96.24) 213(96.71) 213(92.02) 213(95.77)
        专业技术人员 646(97.52) 646(94.89) 646(91.18) 646(94.89)
        一般职工、办事人员 517(98.07) 517(96.71) 517(91.30) 517(95.36)
        商业与服务业人员 342(96.78) 342(93.86) 341(90.03) 342(94.74)
        技术工人 296(94.59) 296(90.88) 296(89.53) 296(95.95)
        普通工人 197(91.88) 197(94.92) 197(92.39) 196(97.45)
        农民、初级劳动者 257(92.61) 257(92.61) 257(92.22) 257(97.28)
        个体工商户 317(95.90) 317(93.38) 317(87.70) 317(93.06)
        在读学生 391(95.65) 392(92.60) 392(87.24) 392(91.84)
        退休或无业 600(96.67) 600(96.00) 600(94.17) 600(96.83)
        其他 324(95.37) 324(96.30) 323(92.88) 324(95.06)
      自评经济水平 0.43 0.805 1.12 0.571 3.08 0.215 0.87 0.647
        中上等 335(95.82) 335(94.33) 335(91.64) 334(94.31)
        中等 2 325(96.26) 2 326(95.01) 2 326(91.75) 2 326(95.23)
        中下等 1 426(95.86) 1 426(94.25) 1 424(91.10) 1 426(95.25)
    地区与疫情特征
      居住地 62.54 < 0.001 14.59 0.001 18.36 < 0.001 12.40 0.002
        武汉市 1 282(99.22) 1 282(96.57) 1 282(93.92) 1 281(96.96)
        湖北省其他市 1 044(96.46) 1 044(93.20) 1 043(90.41) 1 044(94.54)
        湖北省以外其他省 1 773(93.63) 1 774(94.14) 1 773(89.57) 1 774(94.36)
      自评疫情等级 19.35 < 0.001 1.85 0.603 5.69 0.128 1.95 0.583
        高风险 115(99.13) 115(93.04) 115(86.96) 115(95.65)
        中风险 432(97.92) 432(95.14) 432(91.44) 432(96.53)
        低风险 2 526(96.48) 2 526(94.89) 2 524(91.76) 2 525(95.13)
        零风险 1 039(94.03) 1 040(94.04) 1 040(89.90) 1 040(94.90)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  COVID-19疫情期间我国居民4类个人防护行为影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析模型

    Table  2.   Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on four types of self-protective behavior of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic

    自变量 出门戴口罩 外出回家洗手 避免不必要外出 减少不必要聚会
    OR(95% CI)值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 P值
    性别
      男 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
      女 2.40(1.59~3.61) < 0.001 2.18(1.56~3.05) < 0.001 2.05(1.59~2.65) < 0.001 1.97(1.40~2.76) < 0.001
    分组年龄(岁)
      18~＜30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
      30~＜50 1.03(0.70~1.50) 0.892 3.14(2.23~4.43) < 0.001 2.77(2.12~3.61) < 0.001 2.94(2.03~4.25) < 0.001
      50~＜60 1.34(0.71~2.52) 0.359 8.29(3.74~18.34) < 0.001 3.30(2.03~5.37) < 0.001 3.00(1.52~5.94) 0.002
      ≥60 1.70(0.80~3.63) 0.167 4.69(2.34~9.37) < 0.001 5.43(2.86~10.34) < 0.001 3.33(1.49~7.44) 0.003
    城乡
      城市 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
      农村 0.48(0.33~0.69) < 0.001 0.73(0.53~1.00) 0.050 1.64(1.21~2.22) 0.001 1.18(0.81~1.73) 0.389
    教育程度
      初中及以下 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
      高中、中专、技校 0.78(0.47~1.27) 0.313 1.53(0.98~2.40) 0.059 1.08(0.73~1.58) 0.704 0.52(0.28~0.95) 0.032
      大学专科及以上 1.06(0.65~1.71) 0.815 2.35(1.56~3.53) < 0.001 1.50(1.05~2.14) 0.026 0.61(0.34~1.09) 0.097
    地区与疫情特征
    居住地
      武汉市 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
      湖北省其他市 0.27(0.13~0.57) 0.001 0.70(0.47~1.05) 0.089 0.73(0.53~1.01) 0.056 0.69(0.44~1.07) 0.094
      湖北省以外其他省 0.13(0.07~0.26) < 0.001 0.79(0.54~1.15) 0.211 0.63(0.47~0.84) 0.002 0.58(0.39~0.86) 0.006
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-02-17
  • 修回日期:  2021-03-22
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-05-11
  • 刊出日期:  2021-04-10

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