1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童蔬菜水果摄入比较

许娟; 王璐璐; 杨媞媞; 徐培培; 李荔; 曹薇; 甘倩; 潘慧; 王宏亮; 胡小琪; 何宇纳; 司向; 赵文华; 张倩

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.004

1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童蔬菜水果摄入比较

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.004

许娟¹,
王璐璐¹,
杨媞媞¹,
徐培培¹,
李荔¹,
曹薇¹,
甘倩¹,
潘慧¹,
王宏亮¹,
胡小琪¹,
何宇纳²,
司向⁴,
赵文华³,
张倩^1, ,

1.
100050北京，中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所学生营养室
2.
100050北京，中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所营养流行病学室
3.
100050北京，中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所
4.
102206 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心慢病和老龄健康管理处

基金项目:

科技基础资源调查专项 2017FY101100

详细信息

通讯作者:
张倩，E-mail：zhangqian@ninh.chinacdc.cn

中图分类号: R153.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-16
- 修回日期: 2021-04-16
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-10

Changes of the dietary intake of vegetable and fruit among Chinese children aged 6-17 in 1982 and 2012

1.
Department of Student Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
2.
Department of Nutrition Epidemiology, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
3.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
4.
Office of Non-communicable Disease Control and Aging Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China

Funds:

Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Survey Project 2017FY101100

More Information

Corresponding author: Zhang Qian, E-mail: zhangqian@ninh.chinacdc.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的分析1982年与2012年我国6~17岁儿童蔬菜水果摄入量及其变化特征。方法以1982年全国营养调查18 237名与2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中的5 819名6~17岁儿童为对象，分别用称重记账法与3 d 24 h膳食调查法收集儿童食物摄入情况，分析并比较两个年份学龄儿童的蔬菜与水果摄入量及达到WHO推荐摄入量的情况。结果学龄儿童蔬菜摄入量从1982年的300.4 g下降到2012年的185.8 g(Z=45.9, P＜0.001)；学龄儿童水果摄入量由1982年的28.2 g增加到2012年的45.9 g(Z=36.8, P＜0.001)。学龄儿童蔬菜水果总摄入量达到WHO推荐量80%及以上的比例由1982年的42.2%下降到2012年的21.6%(χ² =809.9, P＜0.001)。1982年和2012年，男生蔬菜摄入量均高于女生，且随年龄增长而升高；水果摄入量均为城市儿童高于农村儿童。结论 2012年与1982年相比，我国6~17岁儿童蔬菜摄入量下降较多，水果摄入量有所增加，2012年与1982年儿童蔬菜与水果摄入量均不足，建议采取综合干预措施提高儿童蔬菜与水果的消费，促进其健康成长。
- 儿童 /
- 蔬菜 /
- 水果 /
- 膳食摄入 /
- 膳食调查
Abstract: Objective To analyze the change characteristics of fruits and vegetables intake among Chinese children aged 6-17 years in 1982 and 2012. Methods 18 237 and 5 819 children aged 6-17 years old from the 1982 China Nutrition Survey and China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2010-2012) were recruited respectively. Three consecutive 24-hour recalls method and weight records method were used to collect the food intake among children. The intakes of vegetables and fruits of children and the proportion reaching WHO recommended intake were analyzed and compared in the two years. Results From 1982 to 2012, Children' s vegetable intake dropped from 300.4 g to 185.8 g (Z=45.9, P < 0.001); the fruit intake of children increased from 28.2 g to 45.9 g (Z=36.8, P < 0.001), the proportion of children reaching 80% of the WHO recommended amount of total intake of fruits and vegetables decreased from 42.2% to 21.6% (χ² =809.9, P < 0.001). In each year, boys' vegetable intake was higher than girls', and children's vegetable intake gradually increased with ages, fruit intake of urban children was higher than that of rural children. Conclusions Compared with 1982, the vegetable intake of Chinese children aged 6 to 17 years decreased significantly, and the intake of fruits increased in 2012. The intake of vegetables and fruits of children was insufficient in each year. Comprehensive intervention should be urgently needed to effectively promote fruit and vegetable consumption of children.
- Children /
- Vegetable /
- Fruit /
- Dietary intake /
- Diet survey

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表 1 1982年与2012年调查对象的样本构成情况

Table 1. Sample size of school-aged children in 1982 and 2012

分组	1982年		2012年
分组	N	%	N	%
地区
城市	2 455	13.5	2 385	41.0
农村	15 782	86.5	3 434	59.0
性别
男生	9 257	50.8	3 092	53.1
女生	8 980	49.2	2 727	46.9
年龄组(岁)
6~＜9	3 929	21.5	1 741	29.9
9~＜12	4 568	25.1	1 748	30.0
12~＜15	5 252	28.8	1 404	24.1
15~17	4 488	24.6	926	16.0
合计	18 237	100.0	5 819	100.0

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表 2 1982年和2012年不同特征学龄儿童蔬菜摄入量比较(g)

Table 2. Comparison of intake of vegetables by area, gender and age group in 1982 and 2012 (g)

组别	1982年				2012年				2012年与1982年比较
组别	x	s_x	Z/χ²值	P值	x	s_x	Z/χ²值	P值	差值	Z值	P值
地区			1.7	0.095			8.5	< 0.001
城市	300.5	182.3			194.1	132.1			-106.4	25.0	< 0.001
农村	300.4	217.4			178.2	115.4			-122.2	39.0	< 0.001
性别			4.7	< 0.001			1.9	0.064
男生	307.4	216.1			190.4	128.9			-117.0	33.3	< 0.001
女生	293.0	209.6			180.5	116.3			-112.5	31.7	< 0.001
年龄组(岁)			707.0	< 0.001			263.3	< 0.001
6~＜9	239.0	169.4			146.1	104.7			-92.9	22.9	< 0.001
9~＜12	285.1	201.4			173.9	117.6			-111.3	23.8	< 0.001
12~＜15	316.7	216.7			195.5	122.9			-121.1	21.4	< 0.001
15~17	354.9	237.8			217.1	147.5			-137.8	18.7	< 0.001
合计	300.4	213.0			185.8	123.2			-114.6	45.9	< 0.001

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表 3 1982年和2012年不同特征组学龄儿童水果的摄入量比较(g)

Table 3. Comparison of intake of fruits by area, gender and age group in 1982 and 2012 (g)

组别	1982年				2012年				2012年与1982年比较
组别	x	s_x	Z/χ²值	P值	x	s_x	Z/χ²值	P值	差值	Z值	P值
地区			24.9	< 0.001			13.4	< 0.001
城市	38.6	118.7			48.6	89.5			10.1	12.9	< 0.001
农村	26.8	120.6			43.5	110.0			16.6	25.9	< 0.001
性别			0.9	0.358			2.1	0.037
男生	29.1	125.8			43.0	105.9			13.9	25.5	< 0.001
女生	27.2	114.6			49.3	98.4			22.1	26.6	< 0.001
年龄组(岁)			1.8	0.620			11.0	0.012
6~＜9	23.6	96.6			38.9	104.0			15.3	17.7	< 0.001
9~＜12	28.2	117.4			51.2	93.2			23.0	20.9	< 0.001
12~＜15	28.5	122.1			51.0	102.1			22.5	19.7	< 0.001
15~17	32.1	138.7			43.6	115.4			11.5	13.4	< 0.001
合计	28.2	120.4			45.9	102.5			17.7	36.8	< 0.001

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表 4 1982年和2012年不同组别学龄儿童蔬菜水果总摄入量达到WHO推荐量不同水平的比例(%)

Table 4. Proportion of WHO recommended amount of vegetables and fruit by area, gender and age group in 1982 and 2012(%)

组别	1982年						2012年						2012年与1982年比较
组别	< 50	50~＜80	80~＜100	≥100	χ²值^a	P值	< 50	50~＜80	80~＜100	≥100%	χ²值^a	P值	χ²值^a	P值
地区					0.1	0.756					77.7	< 0.001
城市	24.1	33.9	15.4	26.6			44.5	28.2	11.8	15.5			115.8	< 0.001
农村	31.6	26.1	13.8	28.5			58.0	24.4	8.0	9.6			732.2	< 0.001
性别					12.8	< 0.001					4.1	0.043
男生	29.4	27.0	14.0	29.6			52.0	25.4	9.7	12.9			431.8	< 0.001
女生	31.7	27.4	14.1	26.8			53.0	26.6	9.4	11.0			382.6	< 0.001
年龄组(岁)					525.7	< 0.001					130.2	< 0.001
6~＜9	41.8	29.1	11.7	17.4			64.0	22.7	6.9	6.4			165.4	< 0.001
9~＜12	31.4	29.6	13.9	25.1			52.9	26.1	9.6	11.4			180.4	< 0.001
12~＜15	27.5	26.4	15.3	30.8			45.3	27.2	12.0	15.5			157.0	< 0.001
15~17	23.5	23.9	14.8	37.8			41.1	29.9	11.0	18.0			172.4	< 0.001
合计	30.6	27.2	14.0	28.2	-	-	52.5	25.9	9.6	12.0	-	-	809.9	< 0.001
注：χ²值^a：均为比较组别间达到WHO推荐量≥80%的构成比的差异。

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