1982年与2012年中国6~17岁学龄儿童膳食维生素A的摄入比较

甘倩; 王璐璐; 徐培培; 杨媞媞; 曹薇; 王宏亮; 许娟; 李荔; 胡小琪; 司向; 赵文华; 张倩

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.009

1982年与2012年中国6~17岁学龄儿童膳食维生素A的摄入比较

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.009

甘倩¹,
王璐璐¹,
徐培培¹,
杨媞媞¹,
曹薇¹,
王宏亮¹,
许娟¹,
李荔¹,
胡小琪¹,
司向²,
赵文华¹,
张倩^1, ,

1.
100050 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所
2.
102206 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心慢病和老龄健康管理处

基金项目:

科技基础资源调查专项 2017FY101100

详细信息

通讯作者:
张倩，E-mail: zhangqian7208@163.com

中图分类号: R151.4+
计量
- 文章访问数: 441
- HTML全文浏览量: 233
- PDF下载量: 41
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-16
- 修回日期: 2021-04-02
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-10

Comparison of dietary intake of vitamin A among Chinese children aged 6 to 17 years between 1982 and 2012

1.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
2.
Office of Non-communicable Disease Control and Aging Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China

Funds:

National Special Program for Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China 2017FY101100

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Qian, E-mail: zhangqian7208@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国6~17岁学龄儿童(以下简称学龄儿童)膳食维生素A、视黄醇和胡萝卜素摄入水平，为促进儿童营养改善和健康成长提供基础数据。方法通过分析1982年全国营养调查和2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中的膳食调查数据，计算学龄儿童每人每天各种食物及调味品摄入量。根据1982年与2012年的食物成分表，分别计算动物性食物来源的视黄醇和植物性食物来源的胡萝卜素摄入量，并将二者折合计算维生素A总量，与维生素A的推荐摄入量(recommended nutrient intake, RNI)进行比较。结果中国学龄儿童膳食维生素A摄入总量(μg RAE)从1982年的(333.3±15.9)μg RAE下降到2012年的(215.3±9.5)μg RAE(F=61.95, P < 0.001)；其中，视黄醇摄入量从(28.4 ±2.0)μg增加到(107.6±4.8) μg(F=225.36, P < 0.001)，胡萝卜素摄入量从(3 673.9±217.3)μg下降到(1 297.4±82.0)μg(F=214.98, P < 0.001)。1982年儿童膳食维生素A摄入总量为农村高于城市(F=5.28, P=0.022)，2012年则为城市高于农村(F=14.85, P < 0.001)。2012年仅有四分之一的儿童膳食维生素A摄入量达到80%RNI以上。结论 1982—2012年中国学龄儿童膳食维生素A摄入水平整体有所下降，动物性食物贡献率有所增加，植物性食物贡献率大幅度降低。建议加强膳食指导，丰富农村儿童食物供应的种类，改善儿童的维生素A营养状况。
- 学龄儿童 /
- 维生素A /
- 视黄醇 /
- 胡萝卜素 /
- 膳食摄入
Abstract: Objective Understanding dietary intake of vitamin A, retinol and carotenes among Chinese children aged 6-17 years (Hereinafter referred to as school-age children), providing basic data to promote their health condition. Methods This study analyzed data retrieved from China Nutrition Survey in 1982 and Chinese Residents' Nutrition and Health Survey in 2012. Food intakes per person per day were calculated, then the intake of retinol, carotenes and total vitamin A in school-aged children were obtained and compared to recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of vitamin A. Results From 1982 to 2012, total dietary vitamin A intake in children dropped from (333.3±15.9) μg RAE to (215.3±9.5) μg RAE (F=61.95, P < 0.001), and retinol intake increased from (28.4 ±2.0) μg to (107.6±4.8) μg (F=225.36, P < 0.001), and carotenes intake decreased from (3 673.9±217.3) μg to (1 297.4±82.0) μg (F=214.98, P < 0.001). In 1982, children from rural areas had higher total vitamin A intake than children from urban areas (F=5.28, P=0.022). While total vitamin A intake in children from urban areas became higher than children from rural areas in 2012 (F=14.85, P < 0.001). Only one quarter of the children's dietary vitamin A intake reached 80% RNI in 2012. Conclusions The total dietary intake of vitamin A declined from 1982 to 2012. The proportion of plant-based foods contributing to total vitamin A dropped, while the proportion of animal foods contributing to total vitamin A grew up from 1982 to 2012. Next actions should be adopted to enhance nutrition and health education, increase the variety of food supply in rural areas.
- School-aged children /
- Vitamin A /
- Retinol /
- Carotenes /
- Dietary intake

HTML全文

表 1 1982年与2012年学龄儿童膳食调查基本情况[n(%)]

Table 1. The basic information of dietary survey of school-age children in 1982 and 2012 [n(%)]

变量	1982年膳食调查 (n=18 046)	2012年膳食调查 (n=5 587)	Z/χ²值	P值
地区			1 955.40	< 0.001
农村	15 610(86.5)	2 264(40.5)
城市	2 436(13.5)	3 323(59.5)
性别			9.28	0.002
男	9 166(50.8)	2 961(53.0)
女	8 880(49.2)	2 626(47.0)
年龄(岁)			351.05	< 0.001
6~ < 9	3 896(21.6)	1 687(30.2)
9~ < 12	4 520(25.0)	1 671(29.9)
12~ < 15	5 193(28.8)	1 354(24.2)
15~17	4 437(24.6)	875(15.7)

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 1982年与2012年学龄儿童膳食维生素A、视黄醇、胡萝卜素摄入量比较(x ±s_x )

Table 2. Comparison of total dietary vitamin A, retinol and carotenes intake among school-aged children in 1982 and 2012 (x ±s_x )

分组	1982年			2012年
分组	膳食维生素A (μg RAE)	视黄醇(μg)	胡萝卜素(μg)	膳食维生素A (μg RAE)	视黄醇(μg)	胡萝卜素(μg)
地区
城市	294.2±21.7	78.9±8.3	2 594.1±227.1	251.7±14.3	127.5±6.5	1 496.6±122.2
农村	338.5±17.8	21.7±1.9	3 816.6±217.3	182.1±11.4	89.5±6.6	1 115.5±105.1
F值	5.28	72.92	30.56	14.85	17.44	5.64
P值	0.022	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.019
性别
男	342.0±16.9	28.8±2.2	3 774.0±205.2	218.7±85.2	112.0±5.2	1 286.5±85.2
女	324.1±15.4	28.0±2.1	3 567.8±188.5	211.4±96.4	102.6±5.7	1 309.9±96.4
F值	0.65	0.07	0.58	0.94	3.09	0.11
P值	0.420	0.788	0.446	0.335	0.081	0.739
年龄(岁)
6~ < 9	276.1±14.0	25.8±2.3	3 015.7±171.8	187.1±65.1	98.3±4.6	1 070.5±65.1
9~ < 12	318.3±15.8	27.8±2.2	3 500.1±193.3	212.6±78.3	108.9±6.1	1 248.9±78.3
12~ < 15	351.0±16.9	28.6±2.2	3 883.7±204.2	228.7±95.4	115.6±6.8	1 362.3±95.4
15~17	382.3±19.1	31.1±2.3	4 231.4±232.7	228.7±129.6	107.7±8.9	1 457.9±129.6
F值	136.19	4.36	129.38	8.95	1.33	15.66
P值	< 0.001	0.037	< 0.001	0.003	0.250	< 0.001
合计	333.3±15.9	28.4±2.0	3 673.9±217.3	215.3±9.5	107.6±4.8	1 297.4±82.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 1982年与2012年学龄儿童视黄醇和胡萝卜素占膳食维生素A总量的百分比比较(%)

Table 3. Comparison of proportion of retinol and carotenes contributing to total dietary vitamin A among school-aged children in 1982 and 2012 (%)

变量	1982年		F值	P值	2012年		F值	P值
变量	视黄醇占膳食维生素A总量百分比	胡萝卜素占膳食维生素A总量百分比	F值	P值	视黄醇占膳食维生素A总量百分比	胡萝卜素占膳食维生素A总量百分比	F值	P值
地区			98.71	< 0.001			7.17	0.008
城市	22.4	77.6			49.5	50.5
农村	8.5	91.5			43.8	56.2
性别			0.00	0.987			1.86	0.175
男	10.1	89.9			47.1	52.9
女	10.1	89.9			45.9	54.1
年龄(岁)			9.95	0.002			21.74	< 0.001
6~ < 9	10.9	89.1			50.2	49.8
9~ < 12	10.2	89.8			47.4	52.6
12~ < 15	9.9	90.1			45.6	54.4
15~17	9.6	90.4			43.8	56.2
合计	10.1	89.9			46.5	53.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 1982年与2012年学龄儿童膳食维生素A总量占RNI百分比分布比较(%)

Table 4. Comparison of distribution of percentage of the total dietary vitamin A of RNI for children in 1982 and 2012 (%)

分组	1982年			χ²值	P值	2012年			χ²值	P值
分组	< 50%RNI	50%~80%RNI	>80%RNI	χ²值	P值	< 50%RNI	50%~80%RNI	>80%RNI	χ²值	P值
地区				2.48	0.115				21.19	< 0.001
城市	58.7	21.2	20.1			38.4	30.2	31.4
农村	56	16.5	27.5			60.8	21.2	18.0
性别				0.25	0.615				1.00	0.318
男	57.1	17.0	26.0			49.5	25.4	25.1
女	55.6	17.1	27.3			50.8	25.6	23.6
年龄(岁)				62.96	< 0.001				10.04	0.002
6~ < 9	50.5	18.1	31.5			56.1	24.3	19.5
9~ < 12	55.6	17.1	27.3			50.0	26.0	23.9
12~ < 15	59.2	17.1	23.7			47.1	25.9	27.0
15~17	59.3	16.0	24.6			47.8	25.7	6.5
合计	56.3	17.1	26.6			50.1	25.5	24.5

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, et al. Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2015, 3(9): e528-e536. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00039-X.
[2]	Imdad A, Yakoob MY, Sudfeld C, et al. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on infant and childhood mortality[J]. BMC Public Health, 2011, 11(Suppl 3): S20. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S20.
[3]	国家统计局. 年度数据: 人民生活指标(1982年)[EB/OL]. (1982-12-31)[2021-03-02]. https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01. National Bureau of Statistics. Annual data: index for residents' living (1982)[EB/OL]. (1982-12-31)[2021-03-02]. https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01.
[4]	国家统计局. 年度数据: 人民生活指标(2012年)[EB/OL]. (2012-12-31)[2021-03-02]. https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01. National Bureau of Statistics. Annual data: index for residents' living (2012)[EB/OL]. (2012-12-31)[2021-03-02]. https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01.
[5]	中国预防医学中心卫生研究所. 1982年全国营养调查总结[M]. 北京: 中国预防医学中心卫生研究所, 1985. Institute of Health, China Preventive Medicine Center. Summary of 1982 National Nutrition Survey[M]. Beijing: Institute of Health, China Preventive Medicine Center, 1985.
[6]	赵丽云, 马冠生, 朴建华, 等. 2010—2012中国居民营养与健康状况监测总体方案[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2016, 50(3): 204-207. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.03.002. Zhao LY, Ma GS, Piao JH, et al. Scheme of the 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance[J]. Chin J Prevent Med, 2016, 50(3): 204-207. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.03.002.
[7]	中国医学科学院卫生研究所. 食物成分表[M]. 第3版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 1981. Institute of Hygiene, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Food composition table[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 1981.
[8]	杨月欣, 王光亚, 潘兴昌. 中国食物成分表 1[M]. 第2版. 北京: 北京大学医学出版社, 2009. Yang YX, Wang GY, Pan XC. China food composition 1[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Peking University Medical Press, 2009.
[9]	中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014. China Nutrition Society. Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(2013 edition)[M]. Beijing: Science Publishing House, 2014.
[10]	国务院人口普查办公室, 国家统计局人口统计司. 中国1982年人口普查资料(电子计算机汇总)[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 1985. Population Census Office under the State Council, Department of Population Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics. 1982 Population Census of China (result of computer tabulation)[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 1985.
[11]	国务院人口普查办公室, 国家统计局人口和就业统计司. 中国2010年人口普查资料[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2012. Population Census Office under the State Council, Department of Population and Employment Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics. Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the People's Republic of China[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2012.
[12]	World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition (Second Edition)[M]. World Health Organization, 2004.
[13]	常素英, 葛可佑, 翟凤英, 等. 中国居民微量营养素摄入的地区分布[J]. 卫生研究, 1999, 28(6): 364-366. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8020.1999.06.011. Chang SY, Ge KY, Zhai FY, et al. Dietary intake of some micronutrients in different provinces of China[J]. J Hygiene Res, 1999, 28(6): 364-366. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8020.1999.06.011.
[14]	杜文雯, 张兵, 王惠君, 等. 1991—2009年中国九省区中老年居民膳食维生素A摄入状况及变化趋势[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2012, 18(11): 77-82. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWY201211023.htm Du WW, Zhang B, Wang HJ, et al. Dietary Vitamin A Intake of Chinese Middle Age and Elderly Adults in 9 Provinces from 1991 to 2009[J]. Food Nutr China, 2012, 18(11): 77-82. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWY201211023.htm
[15]	West CE, Eilander A, van Lieshout M. Consequences of revised estimates of carotenoid bioefficacy for dietary control of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries[J]. J Nutr. 2002, 132(9 Suppl): 2920S-2926S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.9.2920S.
[16]	陈玉柱, 方志峰, 唐振柱, 等. 广西18~65岁城乡居民膳食维生素A摄入状况及变化趋势[J]. 实用预防医学, 2014, 21(3): 271-274. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2014.03.005. Chen YZ, Fang ZF, Tang ZZ, et al. Dietary intake of vitamin A and its changing trends in urban and rural residents aged 18-65 years in Guangxi[J]. Pract Prev Med, 2014, 21(3): 271-274. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2014.03.005.
[17]	Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Estévez-Santiago R, Olmedilla-Alonso B. Assessment of dietary vitamin A intake (retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin) and its sources in the National Survey of Dietary Intake in Spain (2009-2010)[J]. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2015, 66(6): 706-712. DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1077787.
[18]	Goldbohm RA, Brants HA, Hulshof KF, et al. The contribution of various foods to intake of vitamin A and carotenoids in The Netherlands[J]. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1998, 68(6): 378-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9857265?dopt=Abstract
[19]	中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016. Chinese Nutrition Society. Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016)[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2016.