2017-2019年广州市病媒生物监测报告

何涛; 李晓宁; 陈宗遒; 江毅民; 刘杰; 王秀娟; 杨智聪

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08.008

2017-2019年广州市病媒生物监测报告

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08.008

1.
510006 广州，广东药科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系
2.
510440 广州，广州市疾病预防控制中心消毒杀虫部
3.
510080广州，中山大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系
4.
510440 广州，广州市疾病预防控制中心中心办公室

基金项目:

广州市医学重点学科建设项目 2017-2019-07

广州市科技计划项目 201803040006

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨智聪，E-mail: yangzc@gzcdc.org.cn

中图分类号: R184.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-21
- 修回日期: 2021-02-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-10

A report on vector surveillance in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

1.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
3.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
4.
Central Office, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China

Funds:

Medical Key Discipline Construction Project of Guangzhou 2017-2019-07

Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project 201803040006

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Zhi-cong, E-mail: yangzc@gzcdc.org.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解广州市近年来病媒生物种群构成、密度及季节消长规律，为病媒生物防制工作提供科学依据。方法依据《全国病媒生物监测方案》和《广州市病媒生物监测方案》，2017-2019年每月在全市开展鼠、蟑螂、蚊及蝇监测，并对不同生境的病媒密度和季节消长进行统计分析。结果 2017-2019年，总体鼠密度为2.42%，城镇居民区总体鼠密度最高，其鼠密度高峰集中在8-10月。总体蟑螂侵害率为13.79%，总体密度为0.58只/张，3年中农贸市场的蟑螂侵害率和密度均高于其他生境(P＜0.001)，其蟑螂侵害率和密度高峰分别在9月和10月。总体成蚊密度为2.75只/(灯·夜)，3年中不同生境的成蚊密度差异有统计学意义(χ² =51.277, P＜0.001)，各年农户和牲畜棚的成蚊密度均高于城镇，其高峰分别在4月和7月。总体蝇密度为1.17只/笼，3年中不同生境的蝇密度差异有统计学意义(χ² =22.427, P＜0.001)，各年农贸市场总体蝇密度最高，其高峰集中在8月。结论广州市不同生境病媒密度和季节消长趋势不同，应结合实际开展长期、系统和持续的病媒监测和防制工作。
- 病媒生物 /
- 密度 /
- 季节消长
Abstract: Objective To understand the composition, density and seasonal fluctuation of vector populations in Guangzhou in recent years, so as to provide scientific basis for vector control. Methods According to the "National Vector Monitoring Program" and "Guangzhou Vector Monitoring Program", a monthly monitoring of mouses, cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies was carried out in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019, and the vector density and seasonal fluctuation of different habitats were statistically analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2019, the overall mouses density was 2.42%. The highest overall density of mouses was in urban residential area, with the peak of its density concentrated in August to October. The overall cockroach infestation rate was 13.79% and the overall density was 0.58 insects per sheet. In three years, the infestation rate and density of cockroaches were higher in farmer's market than other habitats (P < 0.001). The peaks in cockroach infestation rate and density in farmer's market were in September and October, respectively. The overall adult mosquito density was 2.75 mosquitoes per (lamp·night), and statistically significant differences were found in adult mosquito density among different habitats in three years (χ² =51.277, P < 0.001). The density of adult mosquitoes in farm household and livestock shed was higher than that in urban habitats, and the peaks were in April and July, respectively. The total fly density was 1.17 flies per cage, and the difference of fly density among different habitats in three years was statistically significant (χ² =22.427, P < 0.001). The highest fly density was in the farmer's market from 2017 to 2019, and its peak was concentrated in August. Conclusion The vector density and seasonal fluctuation trends of different habitats in Guangzhou are different. Long-term, systematic and continuous vector monitoring and control should be carried out in accordance with actual conditions.
- Vector /
- Density /
- Seasonal fluctuation

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图 1 2017-2019年广州市病媒生物密度及侵害率季节消长

Figure 1. The seasonal fluctuation graphs of vector density and infestation rate in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

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图 2 2017-2019年广州市不同生境病媒生物密度及侵害率季节消长

Figure 2. The seasonal fluctuation graphs of vector density and infestation rate in different habitats in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

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表 1 2017-2019年广州市鼠类种群监测情况

Table 1. Surveillance of rodent population in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

年份	有效鼠夹数	捕鼠数(只)	鼠密度(%)	褐家鼠(只)	黄胸鼠(只)	小家鼠(只)	黑线姬鼠(只)	其他鼠种(只)
2017	22 889	631	2.76	498	32	75	0	26
2018	22 147	563	2.54	412	94	24	1	32
2019	20 995	407	1.94	291	22	50	1	43
合计	66 031	1 601	2.42	1 201	148	149	2	101

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表 2 2017-2019年广州市不同生境病媒生物密度及侵害率情况

Table 2. The density and infestation rate of vector in different habitats in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

病媒密度及其生境类型	2017年	2018年	2019年	合计	病媒密度及其生境类型	2017年	2018年	2019年	合计
鼠类(%)					成蚊[只/(灯·夜)]
城镇居民区	2.89	3.13	1.92	2.68	公园	1.94	2.25	2.83	2.35
特殊行业	2.70	1.95	1.70	2.15	居民区	3.09	1.40	2.04	2.18
农村自然村	2.61	2.37	2.21	2.38	农户	6.76	9.33	5.48	7.23
χ²值	0.425	3.668	2.018	2.898	牲畜棚	12.28	4.69	4.76	7.44
P值	0.809	0.160	0.365	0.235	医院	2.41	1.74	1.89	2.05
蟑螂(只/张)					χ²值	32.732	25.984	8.158	51.277
宾馆	0.17	0.06	0.08	0.10	P值	＜0.001	＜0.001	0.086	＜0.001
餐饮环境	0.57	0.37	0.36	0.44	蝇类(只/笼)
居民区	0.28	0.38	0.33	0.33	居民区	0.45	0.69	0.85	0.66
农贸市场	2.33	1.67	1.36	1.79	餐饮外环境	1.00	0.84	1.14	0.99
医院	0.11	0.11	0.05	0.09	绿化带	0.64	1.14	1.52	1.09
χ²值	40.945	40.162	43.404	122.100	农贸市场	1.58	1.35	3.09	2.02
P值	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	χ²值	12.932	5.181	11.331	22.427
蟑螂[侵害率(%)]					P值	0.005	0.159	0.010	＜0.001
宾馆	8.69	3.37	3.03	4.91
餐饮环境	18.10	14.93	14.41	15.88
居民区	17.52	11.69	12.03	13.74
农贸市场	26.78	20.95	29.62	25.77
医院	7.53	4.57	3.68	5.30
χ²值	243.218	276.201	549.309	1 003.409
P值	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001

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表 3 2017-2019年广州市蟑螂种群监测情况

Table 3. Surveillance of cockroach population in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

年份	回收粘蟑纸数 (张)	阳性粘蟑纸数 (张)	粘蟑螂数 (只)	蟑螂侵害率 (%)	蟑螂密度 (只/张)	德国小蠊 (只)	美洲大蠊 (只)	其他 (只)
2017	7 117	1 161	5 137	16.31	0.72	4 535	445	157
2018	7 043	831	3 838	11.80	0.54	3 502	285	51
2019	7 020	928	3 204	13.22	0.46	2 759	425	20
合计	21 180	2 920	12 179	13.79	0.58	10 796	1 155	228

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表 4 2017-2019年广州市成蚊种群监测情况

Table 4. Surveillance of adult mosquito population in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

年份	布放灯数	捕雌蚊数	蚊密度 (只/灯·夜)	致倦库蚊 (只)	三带喙库蚊 (只)	白纹伊蚊 (只)	中华按蚊 (只)	其他 (只)
2017	1 524	4 996	3.28	4 046	95	766	16	73
2018	1 381	3 332	2.41	2 627	41	647	9	8
2019	1 409	3 515	2.49	2 614	6	772	77	46
合计	4 314	11 843	2.75	9 287	142	2 185	102	127
注：表中各类蚊均为雌蚊计数。

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表 5 2017-2019年广州市蝇类种群监测情况

Table 5. Surveillance of fly population in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

年份	布笼数	捕蝇数	蝇密度 (只/笼)	家蝇 (只)	市蝇 (只)	大头金蝇 (只)	铜绿蝇 (只)	棕尾别麻蝇 (只)	丝光绿蝇 (只)	其他 (只)
2017	778	707	0.91	426	131	117	11	15	6	1
2018	774	772	1.00	418	86	59	108	6	11	84
2019	775	1 243	1.60	710	449	51	4	14	8	7
合计	2 327	2 722	1.17	1 554	666	227	123	35	25	92

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