工程建设企业海外员工传染病健康素养现状及影响因素

谢燕; 张雪军; 谢铮; 黄旸木

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08.009

工程建设企业海外员工传染病健康素养现状及影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08.009

谢燕¹,
张雪军²,
谢铮¹,
黄旸木^1, ,

1.
100191 北京，北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系
2.
065000 廊坊，中国石油集团石油职业卫生技术服务中心

详细信息

通讯作者:
黄旸木，E-mail: ymhuang@bjmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-01
- 修回日期: 2021-01-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-10

Investigation on infectious disease-specific health literacy of Chinese expatriates in engineering construction enterprises

1.
Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
Petroleum Occupational Health Technical Service Center, China National Petroleum Corporation, Langfang 065000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: HUANG Yang-mu, E-mail: ymhuang@bjmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国工程建设企业海外员工的传染病健康素养水平及其影响因素，为中资企业海外员工传染病防治工作提供依据。方法采取整群抽样，选取某大型石油公司所属工程建设企业2019年9月-12月参加出国培训的员工，采用自行设计的传染病健康素养问卷进行调查。结果员工传染病健康素养水平为51.5%。单因素分析显示，女性员工传染病健康素养高于男性(χ² =4.559, P=0.045)，年龄＜50岁者高于年龄≥50岁者(χ² =6.027, P=0.015)，管理人员高于操作人员(χ² =53.025, P＜0.001)。多因素分析显示，文化程度和职业类型是影响传染病健康素养的主要因素。相较小学文化程度，初中(OR=3.847, 95% CI: 0.476~31.086, P=0.206)、高中/中专/职高(OR=7.439, 95% CI: 0.932~59.377, P=0.058)、大专/本科(OR=15.887, 95% CI: 1.992~126.673, P=0.009)、硕士及以上(OR=14.581, 95% CI: 1.681~126.479, P=0.015)者传染病健康素养较高；管理人员素养高于操作人员(OR=1.588, 95% CI: 1.105~2.281, P=0.012)。结论工程建设企业海外员工的传染病健康素养水平较低，主要影响因素为文化程度、职业类型和年龄。建议企业在员工出国前开展传染病防治的健康教育，重点教育对象应为高中及以下学历者、操作人员和≥50岁员工。
- 海外员工 /
- 传染病 /
- 健康素养
Abstract: Objective To investigate the infectious disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL) level of Chinese expatriates in engineering construction enterprises and its influencing factors, providing evidence-based recommendation for infection prevention and control practices. Methods A cluster sampling design was adopted to select employees of China National Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation who participated in overseas training from September to December 2019. A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to explore the IDSHL level and influencing factors among employees. Results Overall, the employee's IDSHL rate was 51.5%. Univariate analysis showed that the IDSHL rate of female employees was higher than that of male employees (χ² =4.559, P=0.045), IDSHL rate of those aged < 50 was higher than those aged ≥50 (χ² =6.027, P=0.015), and IDSHL rate of managers was higher than operators (χ² =53.025, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level and occupation type were the main factors influencing IDSHL. Compared with employees with primary school education, IDSHL rates were higher in those with junior high school (OR=3.847, 95% CI: 0.476-31.086, P=0.206), high school/technical secondary school/vocational high school (OR=7.439, 95% CI: 0.932-59.377, P=0.058), junior college/ university (OR=15.887, 95% CI: 1.992-126.673, P=0.009) education and those have master's degree or above (OR=14.581, 95% CI: 1.681-126.479, P=0.015). IDSHL rates of managers were higher than operators (OR=1.588, 95% CI: 1.105-2.281, P=0.012). Conclusion The IDSHL level of Chinese expatriates in engineering construction enterprises is relatively low, and the main influencing factors are education level, occupation type and age. Our study recommends that enterprises should carry out health education training on infectious diseases prevention and control before their employees go abroad. The training should pay more attention on those with high school education or less, operators and employees over 50 years old.
- Expatriates /
- Infectious disease /
- Health literacy

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图 1 传染病健康素养问卷正确回答率情况

Figure 1. Correct rate of infectious disease-specific health literacy questionnaire

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 调查对象的社会人口学特征和传染病健康素养水平分布情况

Table 1. Demographic and sociological characteristics of respondents and their infectious disease-specific health literacy level

变量	人数(例)	构成比(%)	健康素养水平(%)	χ²值	P值
性别				4.559	0.045
男性	879	95.9	50.7
女性	38	4.1	68.4
年龄(岁)				7.485	0.058
18~＜30	150	16.4	52.0
30~＜40	414	45.1	54.3
40~＜55	313	34.1	49.8
50~≤55	40	4.4	32.5
文化程度				35.242	＜0.001
小学	11	1.2	9.1
初中	161	17.6	27.3
高中/中专/职高	228	24.9	39.0
大专/本科	462	50.4	50.4
硕士及以上	55	6.0	52.7
职业类型				53.025	＜0.001
管理人员	299	32.6	68.9
操作人员	618	67.4	43.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 传染病健康素养影响因素的Logistic回归分析模型分析结果

Table 2. Multivariate logistic analysis of the factors influencing the infectious disease-specific health literacy

变量	β值	Wald χ²值	OR(95% CI)值	P值
性别
女性			1.000
男性	-0.380	0.984	0.684(0.323~1.449)	0.321
年龄(岁)
18~＜30			1.000
30~＜40	0.214	1.125	1.239(0.834~1.842)	0.289
40~＜50	0.209	0.965	1.233(0.812~1.871)	0.326
50~≤55	-0.474	1.412	0.622(0.284~1.361)	0.235
文化程度
小学			1.000
初中	1.347	1.597	3.847(0.476~31.086)	0.206
高中/中专/职高	2.007	3.585	7.439(0.932~59.377)	0.058
大专/本科	2.765	6.816	15.887(1.992~126.673)	0.009
硕士及以上	2.680	5.911	14.581(1.681~126.479)	0.015
职业类型
操作人员			1.000
管理人员	0.462	6.242	1.588(1.105~2.281)	0.012

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