特大型城市精神残疾流行状况及历史发展趋势

罗雅楠; 庞丽华; 郭超; 郑晓瑛

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08.019

特大型城市精神残疾流行状况及历史发展趋势

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08.019

罗雅楠^{1, 2},
庞丽华²,
郭超²,
郑晓瑛^2, ,

1.
100083 北京，北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系
2.
100871 北京，北京大学人口研究所，北京大学亚太经合组织健康科学研究院

详细信息

通讯作者:
郑晓瑛，E-mail: xzheng@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-20
- 修回日期: 2020-11-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-10

Prevalence and development of mental disability in mega cities in China

1.
Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Institute of Population Research, APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHENG Xiao-ying, E-mail: xzheng@pku.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的研究特大型城市人群精神残疾的流行状况和历史发展趋势。方法基于2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中关于特大型城市人群的调查，按照居住地区域划分为主城区和郊区人群，分别对两组人群的人口特征以及精神残疾流行状况进行描述性分析。采用人口学和流行病学计算方法，对特大型城市人群精神残疾患病率历史发展趋势进行回推，分析其历史发展趋势。结果特大型城市精神残疾调查时点的现患率为0.66%，高于全国平均水平的0.63%。郊区人群精神残疾率(0.63%)低于主城区人群(0.71%)。新中国成立以来，特大型城市的精神残疾现患率呈现上升趋势。改革开放以前为恒稳的上升趋势，改革开放以后上升速度陡增。结论特大型城市精神残疾现患率高于全国平均水平，主城区人群精神残疾现患率高于郊区人群。新中国成立以来，特大型城市精神残疾现患率呈现出“恒稳变动”到“快速上升”的规律。
- 特大型城市 /
- 精神残疾 /
- 流行状况 /
- 发展趋势
Abstract: Objective To study the prevalence and the historical development trend of mental disability in mega cities in China. Methods Using the Second National Disability Sample Survey in 2006, this study analyzed the demographic characteristics and the prevalence of mental disability in inner city areas and outer suburban areas of Chinese mega cities. Based on the demographic analysis technique and epidemiological analysis, this study investigated the historical development trend of the prevalence of mental disability in mega cities. Results The prevalence rate of mental disability in mega city areas was 0.66%, which was higher than the national average (0.63%). The prevalence of mental disability among suburban residents (0.63%) was lower than that of inner city areas residents (0.71%). Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the prevalence of mental disability in mega cities has been on the rise. Before the reform and opening up, there was a relatively stable upward trend of the prevalence, while after that, this upward speed increased sharply. Conclusions The prevalence of mental disability in mega cities is higher than the national average. In mega cities, the prevalence of mental disability in inner city areas are larger than those in the suburbs. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the trend of the prevalence of mental disability in mega cities presented "stable upward" to "rapid rise".
- Mega cities /
- Mental disability /
- Epidemic situation /
- Development trend

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图 1 特大型城市精神残疾的致残原因分布(%)

Figure 1. Distribution of the causes of mental disability in mega cities (%)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 1949-2006年特大型城市精神残疾的历史发展趋势

Figure 2. The historical development trend of mental disability in mega cities from 1949 to 2006

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 研究对象一般人口学特征[n(%)]

Table 1. General demographic characteristics of the study subjects [n(%)]

特征	样本量
特征	总体	主城区	郊区
性别
男	159 087(49.73)	65 269(48.88)	93 818(50.35)
女	160 794(50.27)	68 273(51.12)	92 521(49.65)
年龄(岁)
0~ < 18	55 311(17.29)	16 595(12.43)	38 716(20.78)
18~ < 45	132 236(41.34)	55 096(41.26)	77 140(41.40)
45~ < 65	92 883(29.04)	42 172(31.58)	50 711(27.21)
≥65	39 451(12.33)	19 679(14.74)	19 772(10.61)
教育程度
小学及以下	114 880(35.91)	26 605(19.92)	88 275(47.37)
初中	96 177(30.07)	34 646(25.94)	61 531(33.02)
高中及以上	108 824(34.02)	72 291(54.13)	36 533(19.61)
人均收入
低收入组	44 644(13.96)	3 169(2.37)	41 475(22.26)
中等收入组	67 798(21.19)	13 200(9.88)	54 598(29.30)
高收入组	207 439(64.85)	117 173(87.74)	90 266(48.44)
就业状况
就业	303 460(94.87)	123 322(92.35)	180 138(96.67)
失业	16 421(5.13)	10 220(7.65)	6 201(3.33)

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表 2 特大型城市精神残疾的流行状况[n(%)]

Table 2. Prevalence of mental disability in mega cities [n(%)]

特征	样本量			χ²值	P值
特征	总体	主城区	郊区	χ²值	P值
性别
男	963(0.61)	437(0.67)	526(0.56)	7.58	0.006
女	1 159(0.72)	510(0.75)	649(0.70)	1.14	0.286
年龄(岁)
0~ < 18	41(0.07)	11(0.07)	30(0.08)	0.20	0.657
18~ < 45	674(0.51)	241(0.44)	433(0.56)	9.73	0.002
45~ < 65	773(0.83)	345(0.82)	428(0.84)	0.19	0.665
≥65	634(1.61)	350(1.78)	284(1.44)	7.30	0.007
教育程度
小学及以下	1 121(0.98)	337(1.27)	784(0.89)	30.32	< 0.001
初中	560(0.58)	290(0.84)	270(0.44)	60.73	< 0.001
高中及以上	441(0.41)	320(0.44)	121(0.33)	7.47	0.006
人均收入
低收入组	537(1.20)	64(2.02)	473(1.14)	19.15	< 0.001
中等收入组	490(0.72)	135(1.02)	355(0.65)	20.56	< 0.001
高收入组	1 095(0.53)	748(0.64)	347(0.38)	62.62	< 0.001
就业状况
就业	1 886(0.62)	798(0.65)	1 088(0.60)	2.20	0.138
失业	236(1.44)	149(1.46)	87(1.40)	0.08	0.774
总体	2 122(0.66)	947(0.71)	1 175(0.63)	7.29	0.007

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