青岛市城区居民高血压患病危险因素及其定量评价研究

刘蕾; 田小草; 李雪丹; 郑晓艳; 刘世涛; 郭彧; 汪韶洁; 高汝钦; 逄增昌; 陈铮鸣; 李立明

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.01.012

青岛市城区居民高血压患病危险因素及其定量评价研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.01.012

刘蕾¹,
田小草^{1, 2, ,},
李雪丹³,
郑晓艳⁴,
刘世涛⁵,
郭彧⁶,
汪韶洁²,
高汝钦²,
逄增昌²,
陈铮鸣⁷,
李立明⁸

1.
266071 青岛，青岛大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系
2.
266033 青岛，青岛市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病防制科，青岛市预防医学研究院
3.
266061 青岛，青岛市崂山区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科
4.
266041 青岛，青岛市李沧区疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病防制科
5.
266701 青岛，青岛市平度市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病防制科
6.
100730 北京，中国医学科学院
7.
OX37LF 牛津，牛津大学临床与流行病学研究中心纳菲尔德人群健康系，牛津大学医学研究委员会人口健康研究组
8.
100191 北京，北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心，北京大学分子心血管学教育部重点实验室

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划精准医学研究专项 2016YFC0900500

国家重点研发计划精准医学研究专项 2016YFC0900501

国家重点研发计划精准医学研究专项 2016YFC0900504

英国Wellcome Trust 202922/Z/16/Z

英国Wellcome Trust 088158/Z/09/Z

英国Wellcome Trust 104085/Z/14/Z

详细信息

通讯作者:
田小草，E-mail: txc_2006911@126.com

中图分类号: R544.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-11
- 修回日期: 2021-01-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-10

Risk factors and its quantitative evaluation for hypertension in urban area of Qingdao

1.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao 266033, China
3.
Immunization Programme Department, Laoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266061, China
4.
Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Licang Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Qingdao 266041, China
5.
Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Pingdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266701, China
6.
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
7.
Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit(CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LF, UK
8.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China

Funds:

The National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFC0900500

The National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFC0900501

The National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFC0900504

Wellcome Trust in the UK 202922/Z/16/Z

Wellcome Trust in the UK 088158/Z/09/Z

Wellcome Trust in the UK 104085/Z/14/Z

More Information

Corresponding author: TIAN Xiao-cao, E-mail: txc_2006911@126.com

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨青岛市城区居民高血压患病的危险因素，并对各因素进行定量评价分析。方法利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目(China Kadoorie Biobank, CKB)青岛项目点基线调查数据，采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型，分析青岛市城区30~79岁居民高血压患病的危险因素，计算各因素危险分数和个体发病风险。结果共调查35 509人，男女性别比为1︰1.27，年龄(50.32±10.18)岁。青岛市城区30~79岁居民高血压患病率为36.55%。多因素Logistic回归分析模型结果显示，年龄偏大、经常饮酒、家庭收入低、不经常吃水果、BMI偏大、腰臀比偏大是男性高血压患病的危险因素，其中除年龄因素外危险性较高的是BMI≥28.0 kg/m²(OR=3.42)、经常饮酒(OR=1.41)和腰臀比≥0.9(OR=1.37)。年龄偏大、不经常吃水果、BMI偏大、腰臀比偏大是女性高血压患病的危险因素，其中BMI≥28.0 kg/m²、腰臀比≥0.85和不经常吃水果的OR值分别为3.11、1.46和1.28。结论 BMI偏大、经常饮酒和腰臀比偏大是青岛市城区男性居民高血压患病的主要危险因素，BMI偏大、腰臀比偏大和不经常吃水果是女性居民高血压患病的主要危险因素，应根据不同人群高血压危险因素特点，有针对性地开展社区健康教育和随访干预。
- 高血压 /
- 危险因素 /
- 危险分数
Abstract: Objective To investigate the related risk factors for hypertension among residents in urban area of Qingdao, and perform quantitative evaluation analysis on the risk factors. Methods We analyzed the baseline data of participants who were aged 30-79 years and had been enrolled into the CKB study from Qingdao City. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of hypertension, and the risk scores and individual risk were calculated. Results A total of 35 509 participants were investigated in the baseline survey. Ratio of male to female was 1∶1.27, and the average age was (50.32±10.18) years. The prevalence of hypertension in residents aged 30-79 years old in urban area of Qingdao was 36.55%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older, low family income, frequent drinking, infrequent consumption of fruit, excessive BMI, and large waist-to-hip ratio were risk factors for male hypertension, and higher risk factors (excluding age) were BMI≥28.0 kg/m² (OR=3.42), frequent drinking (OR=1.41), and waist-to-hip ratio≥0.9 (OR=1.37). Older, infrequent consumption of fruit, excessive BMI, and large waist-to-hip ratio were risk factors for female hypertension. The OR values of BMI≥28.0 kg/m², waist-to-hip ratio≥0.85, and infrequent consumption of fruit were 3.11, 1.46, and 1.28, respectively. Conclusions Higher BMI, frequent drinking, and large waist-to-hip ratio were main risk factors for hypertension in male residents in Qingdao City. Higher BMI, large waist-to-hip ratio and infrequent consumption of fruit were main risk factors for hypertension in female residents. Community health education and follow-up intervention should be carried out in accordance with the characteristics of risk factors for hypertension in different populations.
- Hypertension /
- Risk factors /
- Risk score

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表 1 青岛市城区30~79岁居民高血压患病情况[n(%)]

Table 1. The prevalence of hypertension among residents aged 30-79 in the urban area of Qingdao [n(%)]

因素	男性			女性			合计
因素	例数	χ²值	P值	例数	χ²值	P值	例数	χ²值	P值
年龄(岁)		941.79	＜0.001		3 330.85	＜0.001		3 949.93	＜0.001
30~ < 40	596(22.67)			248(8.97)			844(15.67)
40~ < 50	1 944(32.23)			1 426(20.49)			3 370(25.92)
50~ < 60	1 911(44.24)			2 447(42.38)			4 358(43.18)
60~ < 70	1 094(57.86)			2 024(61.83)			3 118(60.36)
≥70	480(63.83)			810(72.64)			1290(69.09)
受教育程度		247.68	＜0.001		1 865.39	＜0.001		1 746.90	＜0.001
大专及以上	639(33.01)			198(14.65)			837(25.46)
高中	1 574(34.94)			1 062(21.91)			2 636(28.19)
初中	2 718(38.06)			2 262(30.23)			4 980(34.05)
小学	9 46(52.83)			2 302(52.50)			3 248(52.57)
未正规上过学	148(58.96)			1131(62.17)			1279(61.78)
职业类型		570.57	＜0.001		2 083.54	＜0.001		2 026.67	＜0.001
脑力劳动	610(32.72)			215(14.51)			825(24.64)
体力劳动	3 128(32.87)			986(16.96)			4 114(26.32)
未就业	2 259(53.92)			5 732(47.33)			7 997(49.02)
其他	28(37.32)			22(18.62)			50(25.88)
婚姻状况		3.95	0.047		292.31	＜0.001		218.37	＜0.001
在婚	5 768(38.41)			5 873(33.00)			11 641(35.47)
不在婚	257(42.41)			1082(51.87)			1 339(49.74)
家庭收入(元/年)		33.62	＜0.001		351.08	＜0.001		292.06	＜0.001
＜10 000	326(45.21)			976(46.99)			1 302(46.53)
10 000~ < 20 000	1 888(40.51)			2 698(40.11)			4 586(40.27)
20 000~ < 35 000	2 762(37.88)			2 418(29.89)			5 180(33.67)
≥35 000	1 049(35.57)			863(28.85)			1 912(32.18)

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表 2 青岛市城区男性居民高血压影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析及危险分数

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and risk scores of factors affecting hypertension of male residents in the urban area of Qingdao

因素	调查人数	P值	D_j	P_j	OR(95% CI)值	PAR%	基准发病比例	危险分数
年龄(岁)
30~ < 40	2 629		596	0.099	1.00	0.901	0.099	0.099
40~ < 50	6 034	＜0.001	1 944	0.323	1.53(1.37~1.71)	0.690	0.310	0.474
50~ < 60	4 321	＜0.001	1 911	0.317	2.47(2.20~2.78)	0.562	0.438	1.082
60~ < 70	1 890	＜0.001	1 094	0.182	4.23(3.67~4.87)	0.519	0.481	2.035
≥70	752	＜0.001	480	0.080	5.64(4.65~6.86)	0.505	0.495	2.793
家庭收入(元/年)
＜10 000	721	0.002	326	0.054	1.17(1.06~1.29)	0.109	0.891	1.043
10 000~ < 20 000	4 664	0.055	1 888	0.313	1.11(1.00~1.24)	0.155	0.845	0.938
20 000~ < 35 000	7 294	0.074	2 762	0.458	1.18(0.98~1.42)	0.437	0.563	0.664
≥35 000	2 950		1 049	0.174	1.00	0.826	0.174	0.174
饮酒情况
不经常饮酒	8 125		2 920	0.485	1.00	0.515	0.485	0.485
经常饮酒	7 501	＜0.001	3 105	0.515	1.41(1.32~1.52)	0.150	0.850	1.199
水果摄入情况
经常吃	7 566		2 827	0.469	1.00	0.531	0.469	0.469
不经常吃	8 060	＜0.001	3 198	0.531	1.12(1.04~1.20)	0.057	0.943	1.056
BMI(kg/m²)
＜18.5	129	0.181	28	0.005	0.74(0.48~1.15)	0.790	0.210	0.156
18.5~ < 24.0	4 938		1 229	0.204	1.00	0.796	0.204	0.204
24.0~ < 28.0	7 372	＜0.001	2 983	0.495	1.87(1.72~2.04)	0.531	0.469	0.877
≥28.0	3 187	＜0.001	1 785	0.296	3.42(3.07~3.80)	0.445	0.555	1.899
腰臀比
＜0.9	6 987		1 976	0.328	1.00	0.672	0.328	0.328
≥0.9	8 639	＜0.001	4 049	0.672	1.37(1.27~1.48)	0.181	0.819	1.121

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表 3 青岛市城区女性居民高血压影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析及危险分数

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and risk scores of factors affecting hypertension of female residents in the urban area of Qingdao

因素	调查人数	P值	D_j	P_j	OR(95% CI)值	PAR%	基准发病比例	危险分数
年龄(岁)
30~ < 40	2 756		248	0.036	1.00	0.964	0.036	0.036
40~ < 50	6 962	＜0.001	1 426	0.205	2.07(1.79~2.40)	0.865	0.135	0.279
50~ < 60	5 775	＜0.001	2 447	0.352	4.09(3.51~4.76)	0.779	0.221	0.903
60~ < 70	3 274	＜0.001	2 024	0.291	8.18(6.94~9.65)	0.744	0.256	2.097
≥70	1 116	＜0.001	810	0.116	13.68(11.05~16.94)	0.735	0.265	3.623
受教育程度
大专及以上	1 351		198	0.028	1.00	0.972	0.028	0.028
高中	4 845	0.010	1 062	0.153	1.33(1.07~1.64)	0.857	0.143	0.191
初中	7 482	＜0.001	2 262	0.325	1.50(1.25~1.82)	0.640	0.360	0.540
小学	4 386	0.001	2 302	0.331	1.35(1.13~1.61)	0.395	0.605	0.817
未正规上过学	1 819	0.022	1 131	0.163	1.24(1.03~1.48)	0.264	0.736	0.913
水果摄入情况
经常吃	14 789		4 680	0.673	1.00	0.327	0.673	0.673
不经常吃	5 094	＜0.001	2 275	0.327	1.28(1.19~1.38)	0.072	0.928	1.188
BMI(kg/m²)
＜18.5	143	0.090	23	0.003	0.65(0.39~1.07)	0.995	0.005	0.003
18.5~ < 24.0	6 343		1 122	0.161	1.00	0.834	0.166	0.166
24.0~ < 28.0	8 146	＜0.001	2 894	0.416	1.77(1.58~1.88)	0.599	0.401	0.711
≥28.0	5 251	＜0.001	2 916	0.419	3.11(2.82~3.42)	0.464	0.536	1.668
腰臀比
＜0.85	9 385		1 873	0.269	1.00	0.731	0.269	0.269
≥0.85	10 498	＜0.001	5 082	0.731	1.46(1.35~1.57)	0.230	0.770	1.124

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因素	男性			女性			合计
因素	例数	χ²值	P值	例数	χ²值	P值	例数	χ²值	P值
年龄(岁)		941.79	＜0.001		3 330.85	＜0.001		3 949.93	＜0.001
30~ < 40	596(22.67)			248(8.97)			844(15.67)
40~ < 50	1 944(32.23)			1 426(20.49)			3 370(25.92)
50~ < 60	1 911(44.24)			2 447(42.38)			4 358(43.18)
60~ < 70	1 094(57.86)			2 024(61.83)			3 118(60.36)
≥70	480(63.83)			810(72.64)			1290(69.09)
受教育程度		247.68	＜0.001		1 865.39	＜0.001		1 746.90	＜0.001
大专及以上	639(33.01)			198(14.65)			837(25.46)
高中	1 574(34.94)			1 062(21.91)			2 636(28.19)
初中	2 718(38.06)			2 262(30.23)			4 980(34.05)
小学	9 46(52.83)			2 302(52.50)			3 248(52.57)
未正规上过学	148(58.96)			1131(62.17)			1279(61.78)
职业类型		570.57	＜0.001		2 083.54	＜0.001		2 026.67	＜0.001
脑力劳动	610(32.72)			215(14.51)			825(24.64)
体力劳动	3 128(32.87)			986(16.96)			4 114(26.32)
未就业	2 259(53.92)			5 732(47.33)			7 997(49.02)
其他	28(37.32)			22(18.62)			50(25.88)
婚姻状况		3.95	0.047		292.31	＜0.001		218.37	＜0.001
在婚	5 768(38.41)			5 873(33.00)			11 641(35.47)
不在婚	257(42.41)			1082(51.87)			1 339(49.74)
家庭收入(元/年)		33.62	＜0.001		351.08	＜0.001		292.06	＜0.001
＜10 000	326(45.21)			976(46.99)			1 302(46.53)
10 000~ < 20 000	1 888(40.51)			2 698(40.11)			4 586(40.27)
20 000~ < 35 000	2 762(37.88)			2 418(29.89)			5 180(33.67)
≥35 000	1 049(35.57)			863(28.85)			1 912(32.18)

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青岛市城区居民高血压患病危险因素及其定量评价研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.01.012

通讯作者:
田小草，E-mail: txc_2006911@126.com

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Risk factors and its quantitative evaluation for hypertension in urban area of Qingdao

Corresponding author: TIAN Xiao-cao, E-mail: txc_2006911@126.com

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青岛市城区居民高血压患病危险因素及其定量评价研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.01.012

通讯作者: 田小草，E-mail: txc_2006911@126.com

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Risk factors and its quantitative evaluation for hypertension in urban area of Qingdao

Corresponding author: TIAN Xiao-cao, E-mail: txc_2006911@126.com

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出版历程

目录

通讯作者:
田小草，E-mail: txc_2006911@126.com