The association between military experience and health among older adults aged 60 and above in China
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摘要:
目的 分析中国男性老年人参军经历与其健康状况的关系，以期为今后政策的制定提供借鉴。 方法 数据来源于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies, CFPS)2018年的调查数据。研究对象为3 706位≥60岁男性老年人。身体健康由是否患慢性病和自评健康测量，心理健康由流调中心抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D)测量，认知能力由自评记忆测量。利用Logistic回归分析模型、线性回归分析模型和倾向得分加权方法来分析参军经历与男性老年人健康的关系。 结果 调整混杂因素后，在身体健康上，相较于非退役军人，退役军人患慢性病风险增加27%(OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.01~1.59)，自评健康较差的风险增加36%(OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.09~1.69)；在心理健康上，退役军人比非退役军人CES-D总分低0.26分，但差异不具有统计学意义(P=0.244)；在认知能力上，相较于非退役军人，退役军人自评记忆较差的风险降低39%(OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.45~0.82)。倾向得分加权后研究结果保持稳健。 结论 男性老年人参军经历与其身体健康负相关而与认知能力正相关，与心理健康的关系不具有统计学意义。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the association between military experience and health among older adults and provide a reference for future policy formulation. Methods Data was collected from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018. Our study involved 3 706 men aged 60 years and over. Physical health was measured by the presence or absence of chronic disease and self-rated health. Mental health was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and cognitive ability was measured by self-reported memory. Logistic regression model, linear regression model, and propensity score weighting method were adopted to analyze the relationship of military experience and health of older adults. Results After controlling for confounding factors, the odds ratio of suffering chronic disease was 1.27 (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.59) in veterans compared with non-veterans, and the risk of poor self-rated health among older adults with military experience increased by 36% (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.09-1.69) compared with those who had no military experience. Veterans scored 0.26 points higher on CES-D than non-veterans, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.244). Compared with non-veterans, veterans had a 39% lower risk of poor self-reported memory (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.45-0.82). The results were robust after propensity score weighting. Conclusions Military experience of older adults in China is negatively correlated with physical health and positively correlated with cognitive ability. The relationship between military experience and mental health is not statistically significant. -
Key words:
- Older adults /
- Military experience /
- Health
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表 1 研究对象的基本信息[n (%)]
Table 1. Basic information about participants [n (%)]
变量 全样本
(N=3 706)有参军经历者
(n=392)无参军经历者
(n=3 314)χ2值 P值 年龄(岁) 1.53 0.466 60~＜70 2 376(64.11) 243(61.99) 2 133(64.36) 70~＜80 1 102(29.74) 120(30.61) 982(29.63) 80~100 228(6.15) 29(7.40) 199(6.00) 户口 74.71 <0.001 农业户口 2 552(68.86) 195(49.74) 2 357(71.12) 非农业户口 1 154(31.14) 197(50.26) 957(28.88) 婚姻 2.62 0.105 无配偶 380(10.25) 31(7.91) 349(10.53) 有配偶 3 326(89.75) 361(92.09) 2 965(89.47) 教育程度 6.64 0.010 小学及以下 2 246(60.60) 214(54.59) 2 032(61.32) 初中及以上 1 460(39.40) 178(45.41) 1 282(38.68) 工作状况 31.93 <0.001 在业 2 130(57.47) 173(44.13) 1 957(59.05) 不在业 1 576(42.53) 219(55.87) 1 357(40.95) 收入状况 33.73 <0.001 低收入组 1 258(33.94) 92(23.47) 1 166(35.18) 中收入组 1 213(32.73) 122(31.12) 1 091(32.92) 高收入组 1 235(33.32) 178(45.41) 1 057(31.89) 
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表 2 男性老年人参军经历与健康状况
Table 2. Military experience and health status of older adults
维度 因变量 全样本(N=3 706) 有参军经历者(n=392) 无参军经历者(n=3 314) χ2值/t值 P值 身体健康a 有慢性病 1 021(27.55) 131(33.42) 890(26.86) 7.56 0.006 自评健康 1 521(41.04) 185(47.19) 1 336(40.31) 6.86 0.009 心理健康b CES-D总分 5.08±4.23 4.51±4.13 5.15±4.24 -2.82 0.005 认知能力a 自评记忆 804(21.69) 54(13.78) 750(22.63) -16.18 < 0.001 注：a数据为[n (%)]；b数据为(x±s)。
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表 3 男性老年人参军经历与健康关系的回归分析(n=3 706)
Table 3. Regression analysis of military experience and health of older adults (n=3 706)
维度 因变量 模型1 模型2 OR (95% CI)/β值 P值 OR (95% CI)/β值 P值 身体健康 慢性病 1.37(1.09~1.71) 0.006 1.27(1.01~1.59) 0.043 自评健康 1.32(1.07~1.63) 0.009 1.36(1.09~1.69) 0.006 心理健康 CES-D总分 -0.64 0.005 -0.26 0.244 认知能力 自评记忆 0.55(0.41~0.74) < 0.001 0.61(0.45~0.82) 0.001 注：模型1：未调整协变量；模型2：调整年龄、婚姻、户口、教育状况、工作状况及收入状况。
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表 4 男性老年人参军经历与健康关系的倾向得分匹配分析(n=3 706)
Table 4. Propensity score matching analysis of military experience and health of older adults (n=3 706)
维度 因变量 模型3 模型4 OR (95% CI)/β值 P值 OR (95% CI)/β值 P值 身体健康 慢性病 1.28(1.01~1.60) 0.037 1.27(1.01~1.59) 0.039 自评健康 1.35(1.09~1.68) 0.006 1.35(1.09~1.67) 0.007 心理健康 CES-D总分 -0.26 0.213 -0.26 0.220 认知能力 自评记忆 0.61(0.45~0.83) 0.002 0.62(0.46~0.84) 0.002 注：模型3：模型1+未调整稳定权数的标准化死亡比加权；模型4：模型2+调整稳定权数的标准化死亡比加权。
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