中国老年人跌倒现状及影响因素研究

张田田; 丰志强; 王婉晨; 李秋莎; 袁玫; 孟翠香; 孙艳; 张玉杰; 闫语; 李翠玉; 尹文强

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.05.002

中国老年人跌倒现状及影响因素研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.05.002

1.
261053 潍坊，潍坊医学院公共卫生学院
2.
261053 潍坊，潍坊医学院管理学院

基金项目:

山东省自然科学基金 ZR2019MG010

详细信息

通讯作者:
尹文强，E-mail: yinwq1969@126.com

中图分类号: R181.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-26
- 修回日期: 2021-12-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-10

A study on the status quo and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in China

1.
School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
2.
School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China

Funds:

Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2019MG010

More Information

Corresponding author: YIN Wen-qiang, E-mail: yinwq1969@126.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国老年人跌倒现状及其影响因素，为预防老年人跌倒提供参考。方法收集2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study，CHARLS)中≥60岁的7 070名老年人的相关数据，采用χ²检验和二分类Logistic回归分析模型分析老年人跌倒现状及其影响因素。结果 1 652人在过去两年内发生过跌倒，跌倒率为23.4%。714人跌倒后情况较重需要就医，跌倒就医率为10.9%。二分类Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，没有配偶、自评健康一般和不好、患慢性病、有抑郁症状、日常生活能力受损、视力较差、听力较差和使用辅助工具(OR=1.187、1.319、1.435、1.154、1.433、1.730、1.230、1.488、1.503)是老年人跌倒的危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论老年人跌倒是多种因素综合作用的结果。应全面评估危险因素，采取综合预防措施，预防和减少导致跌倒的隐患，保护老年人健康。
- 老年人 /
- 跌倒 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in China, and to provide a reference for preventing falls among the elderly. Methods The data of 7 070 elderly people over 60 years old were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018. The chi-square test and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the status and influencing factors of falls in the elderly. Results A total of 1 652 people had fallen in the past two years, and the incidence of falls was 23.4%. There were 714 people with serious conditions after falls that required medical attention, and the rate of falls medical treatment was 10.9%. Binary Logistic regression results showed that no spouse, fair and poor self-rated health status, chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, activity of daily living disability, poor vision, poor hearing, and use of supporting tools (OR=1.187, 1.319, 1.435, 1.154, 1.433, 1.730, 1.230, 1.488, 1.503) were risk factors for falls in the elderly (P < 0.05). Conclusions Falls in the elderly are caused by a variety of factors. The risk factors should be comprehensively evaluated, and comprehensive prevention should be taken to prevent and reduce the potential risks leading to falls and protect the health of the elderly.
- Elderly people /
- Falls /
- Influence factors

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图 1 样本筛选流程图

Figure 1. Sample screening flow chart

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 老年人跌倒与就医情况

Figure 2. Falls and medical treatment for falls in the elderly

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 老年人跌倒的单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of fall in the elderly

变量	未跌倒		跌倒		χ²值	P值	变量	未跌倒		跌倒		χ²值	P值
变量	人数	%	人数	%	χ²值	P值	变量	人数	%	人数	%	χ²值	P值
性别					1.273	0.259	饮酒					0.167	0.682
男	2 621	77.2	773	22.8			饮酒	1 595	76.3	495	23.7
女	2 797	76.1	879	23.9			不饮酒	3 823	76.8	1 157	23.2
年龄(岁)					11.474	0.003	抑郁状况					127.753	< 0.001
60~＜70	2 751	77.9	781	22.1			无抑郁症状	3 191	81.8	712	18.2
70~＜80	2 045	76.3	635	23.7			有抑郁症状	2 227	70.3	940	29.7
≥80	622	72.5	236	27.5			生活自理能力					218.288	< 0.001
文化程度					12.564	0.002	完好	4 144	81.3	956	18.7
文盲	2 689	74.9	902	25.1			受损	1 274	64.7	696	35.3
小学	1 231	78.3	342	21.7			视力					66.081	< 0.001
初中及以上	1 498	78.6	408	21.4			较好	1 192	81.9	263	18.1
婚姻状况					22.004	< 0.001	一般	2 893	77.7	829	22.3
有配偶	4 464	77.8	1 276	22.2			较差	1 333	70.4	560	29.6
没有配偶	954	71.7	376	28.3			听力					82.292	< 0.001
居住地					2.119	0.146	较好	1 553	81.5	353	18.5
城市	1 102	78.1	309	21.9			一般	3 092	77.0	922	23.0
农村	4 316	76.3	1 343	23.7			较差	773	67.2	377	32.8
自评健康					115.057	< 0.001	辅助工具					105.458	< 0.001
好	985	85.1	172	14.9			使用	428	61.1	273	38.9
一般	2 704	78.6	738	21.4			未使用	4 990	78.3	1 379	21.7
不好	1 729	70.0	742	30.0			社交项目数					4.986	0.083
慢性病					30.175	< 0.001	参加1项	4 372	76.9	1 315	23.1
患病	2 645	73.9	934	26.1			参加2项	689	77.3	202	22.7
未患病	2 773	79.4	718	20.6			参加≥3项	357	72.6	135	27.4

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表 2 老年人跌倒的影响因素分析

Table 2. Analysis of influencing factors of fall in the elderly

变量	比较组	参照组	β	s_x	Wald值	P值	OR值	95% CI
年龄(岁)	70~＜80	60~＜70	-0.010	0.064	0.025	0.874	0.990	0.873~1.123
	≥80		0.059	0.096	0.381	0.537	1.061	0.879~1.280
文化程度	小学	文盲	-0.112	0.075	2.215	0.137	0.894	0.772~1.036
	初中及以上		-0.002	0.072	0.000	0.983	0.998	0.867~1.149
婚姻状况	没有配偶	有配偶	0.171	0.074	5.338	0.021	1.187	1.026~1.372
自评健康状况	一般	好	0.277	0.098	8.042	0.005	1.319	1.089~1.598
	不好		0.361	0.104	12.005	0.001	1.435	1.170~1.761
慢性病	患病	未患病	0.143	0.060	5.794	0.016	1.154	1.027~1.297
抑郁状况	有抑郁症状	无抑郁症状	0.360	0.062	33.578	< 0.001	1.433	1.269~1.619
生活自理能力	受损	未受损	0.548	0.066	68.712	< 0.001	1.730	1.519~1.969
视力	一般	较好	0.112	0.085	1.734	0.188	1.119	0.947~1.322
	较差		0.207	0.094	4.848	0.028	1.230	1.023~1.480
听力	一般	较好	0.079	0.076	1.068	0.301	1.082	0.932~1.256
	较差		0.398	0.095	17.665	< 0.001	1.488	1.236~1.791
辅助工具	使用	未使用	0.407	0.092	19.542	< 0.001	1.503	1.254~1.800
常数			-2.184	0.112	382.895	0.000	0.113

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