A survey on the willingness and influencing factors of the COVID-19 vaccination among people aged 60 years and above in Zhejiang Province
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摘要:
目的 了解浙江省≥60岁人群新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)的接种意愿及其影响因素。 方法 2020年9月1日—2020年11月30日采用分层抽样法对浙江省≥60岁人群进行问卷调查，收集基本信息、接种意愿、COVID-19风险意识等信息，采用χ2检验比较各组接种意愿率的差异，并用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析接种意愿的影响因素。 结果 共1 858名≥60岁老年人完成调查，其新冠疫苗免费接种、自费接种的意愿率分别为88.3%和66.1%。多因素Logistic回归分析模型显示，对于免费接种，居住在乡村(OR=1.6，95% CI：1.2~2.2)、无外出(OR=1.6，95% CI：1.1~2.3)、听说过COVID-19(OR=3.7，95% CI：2.4~5.8)、认为COVID-19会造成严重后果(OR=2.3，95% CI：1.6~3.5)的老年人接种意愿更高。愿意自费接种的主要原因是认同新冠疫苗的安全性和有效性；不愿意自费接种的原因主要包括新冠疫苗需要收费和担心新冠疫苗的不良反应。 结论 浙江省≥60岁人群新冠疫苗免费接种意愿较高，但仍应加强关于新冠疫苗知识的宣传教育，并落实全民免费接种政策，以增强该人群接种疫苗的依从性。 Abstract:Objective To understand the willingness and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination among people aged 60 years and above in Zhejiang Province. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted from September to November 2020 using stratified sampling among population aged 60 years and above in Zhejiang Province. Socio-demographic information, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and awareness of the risks of COVID-19 were collected. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to explore the factors associated with vaccination willingness. Results A total of 1 858 participants were completed the questionnaire. The vaccination willingness rate for the free vaccination and self-pay vaccination for COVID-19 vaccine were 88.3% and 66.1%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that for free vaccination, those who lived in the country (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.2)、did not go outside(OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3)、had heard of COVID-19 (OR=3.7, 95% CI: 2.4-5.8), and believed that SARS-CoV-2 could cause serious consequences (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) had higher willingness of vaccination. For self-pay vaccination, the main reasons for receiving COVID-19 vaccine were their agreement with the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the main reasons for reluctance of vaccine were considered with the fee and side effects. Conclusions The willingness of COVID-19 vaccination is at a relatively high level among people aged 60 years and above in Zhejiang Province. However, further education should be concerned for the promotion of the vaccination. -
Key words:
- SARS-CoV-2 /
- Vaccine /
- The elderly /
- Willingness for vaccination /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 浙江省≥60岁人群新冠疫苗接种意愿及相关因素分析[n(%)]
Table 1. The willingness and influencing factors of the COVID-19 vaccination among people aged 60 years and above in ZheJiang Province[n(%)]
变量 调查人数 愿意自费接种 愿意免费接种 免费接种单因素分析 免费接种多因素分析 χ2值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 性别 1.104 0.293 男 957 640(66.9) 852(89.0) 女 901 588(65.3) 788(87.5) 年龄(岁) 5.398 0.067 60~ < 71 223 150(67.3) 187(83.9) 71~80 1 330 872(65.6) 1 186(89.2) >80 305 206(67.5) 267(87.5) 居住地 7.316 0.007 城镇 529 355(67.1) 450(85.1) 1.0 乡村 1 329 873(65.7) 1 190(89.5) 1.6(1.2~2.2) 0.003 文化程度 0.105 a 文盲 713 435(61.0) 614(86.1) 小学 783 528(67.4) 699(89.3) 初高中及专科 321 235(73.2) 288(89.7) 大学及以上 41 30(73.2) 39(95.1) 年收入(万元) 1.003 0.606 < 1 954 595(62.4) 849(89.0) 1~ < 3 506 345(68.2) 443(87.6) ≥3 398 288(72.4) 348(87.4) 外出活动(d/周) 习惯 13.556 0.001 无外出(≤1) 622 418(67.2) 573(92.1) 1.6(1.1~2.3) 0.023 偶尔外出(2~3) 599 395(65.9) 515(86.0) 1.0(0.7~1.3) 0.811 频繁外出(≥4) 637 415(65.2) 552(86.7) 1.0 患有慢性疾病 4.062 0.131 是 916 588(64.2) 811(88.5) 否 849 591(69.6) 753(88.7) 不知道 93 49(52.7) 76(81.7) 听说过COVID-19 108.222 < 0.001 是 1 716 1 186(69.1) 1553(90.5) 3.7(2.4~5.8) < 0.001 否 142 42(29.6) 87(61.3) 1.0 COVID-19引起严重后果 74.533 < 0.001 会 1 570 1 104(70.3) 1 429(91.0) 2.3(1.6~3.5) < 0.001 不会 54 29(53.7) 41(75.9) 1.0(0.5~2.0) 0.911 不清楚 23 95(40.6) 17(72.7) 1.0 合计 1 858 1 228(66.1) 1 640(88.3) 注：a理论频数 < 5, 使用Fisher确切概率法。 
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表 2 新冠疫苗愿意或不愿意自费接种的原因
Table 2. The reasons of self-pay COVID-19 vaccination willingness or unwillingness
原因 人数 百分比(%) 原因 人数 百分比(%) 愿意自费接种新冠疫苗的原因(N=1 228) 不愿意自费接种新冠疫苗的原因(N=630) 接种疫苗是安全的 881 71.74 接种疫苗需收费 248 39.37 接种疫苗是有效的 846 68.89 担心疫苗的不良反应 147 23.33 可以保护家人/朋友/同事不受感染 777 63.27 当地已无COVID-19病例，不需接种疫苗 111 17.62 如果国家推荐接种，接种是有益的 749 60.99 怀疑疫苗的有效性 80 12.70 其他 33 2.69 接种疫苗不方便 36 5.71 其他 19 3.02
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