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婴幼儿湿疹影响因素分析：一项五省市的前瞻性队列研究

岳和欣,  曲翌敏,  湛永乐,  陈云利,  石英杰,  吕天琛,  刘璇,  孟耀涵,  景傲,  桂路婷,  刘睿懿,  秦东旭,  王嘉旭,  张一方,  江宇

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文章导航 > 中华疾病控制杂志  > 2022 >  26(9): 1005-1010
岳和欣, 曲翌敏, 湛永乐, 陈云利, 石英杰, 吕天琛, 刘璇, 孟耀涵, 景傲, 桂路婷, 刘睿懿, 秦东旭, 王嘉旭, 张一方, 江宇. 婴幼儿湿疹影响因素分析：一项五省市的前瞻性队列研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2022, 26(9): 1005-1010. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.09.004
引用本文: 岳和欣, 曲翌敏, 湛永乐, 陈云利, 石英杰, 吕天琛, 刘璇, 孟耀涵, 景傲, 桂路婷, 刘睿懿, 秦东旭, 王嘉旭, 张一方, 江宇. 婴幼儿湿疹影响因素分析：一项五省市的前瞻性队列研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2022, 26(9): 1005-1010. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.09.004
shu
YUE He-xin, QU Yi-min, ZHAN Yong-le, CHEN Yun-li, SHI Ying-jie, LYU Tian-chen, LIU Xuan, MENG Yao-han, JING Ao, GUI Lu-ting, LIU Rui-yi, QIN Dong-xu, WANG Jia-xu, ZHANG Yi-fang, JIANG Yu. Analysis of influencing factors of eczema in preschoolers in China: a prospective cohort study in five provinces[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2022, 26(9): 1005-1010. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.09.004
Citation: YUE He-xin, QU Yi-min, ZHAN Yong-le, CHEN Yun-li, SHI Ying-jie, LYU Tian-chen, LIU Xuan, MENG Yao-han, JING Ao, GUI Lu-ting, LIU Rui-yi, QIN Dong-xu, WANG Jia-xu, ZHANG Yi-fang, JIANG Yu. Analysis of influencing factors of eczema in preschoolers in China: a prospective cohort study in five provinces[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2022, 26(9): 1005-1010. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.09.004
shu

婴幼儿湿疹影响因素分析：一项五省市的前瞻性队列研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.09.004
  • 1.

    100730 北京，中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院流行病与生物统计学系

  • 2.

    999077 香港，香港大学李嘉诚医学院公共卫生学院

  • 3.

    100020 北京，中国医学科学院医学信息研究所联合实验室

  • 4.

    100021 北京，中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所人力资源处

基金项目: 

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程 2019-I2M-2-007

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    江宇，E-mail: jiangyu@pumc.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: R181

Analysis of influencing factors of eczema in preschoolers in China: a prospective cohort study in five provinces

  • 1.

    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China

  • 2.

    School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

  • 3.

    United Laboratory, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China

  • 4.

    Department of Human Resources, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China

Funds: 

CAMS Innovation Foud for Medicine Sciences 2019-I2M-2-007

More Information

    摘要
  • 摘要:   目的  了解婴幼儿湿疹的发病现状，从多角度探索其发病因素。  方法  以中国孕产妇队列研究-子代项目中的681名婴幼儿为研究对象，在孕期收集父母亲的一般人口学信息、孕期膳食摄入及婴幼儿出生信息，随访调查其家居环境和婴幼儿湿疹状况，应用多因素非条件logistic回归分析模型分析婴幼儿湿疹发病的影响因素。  结果  研究对象婴幼儿湿疹的发生率为23.79%。logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，相比初产妇，经产妇(OR=0.601, 95% CI：0.398~0.908)所分娩的孩子患湿疹风险会降低47.6%。母亲有过敏史(OR=2.191, 95% CI：1.393~3.447)和父亲有过敏史(OR=2.008, 95% CI：1.244~3.239)的孩子更容易患湿疹。相比于母乳喂养，人工喂养(OR=4.165, 95% CI：1.450~11.963)和混合喂养(OR=8.151, 95% CI：5.165~12.866)增加婴幼儿患湿疹的风险。孕期禽肉摄入频率越高的孕妇，产后孩子患湿疹的风险增高(OR=1.145, 95% CI：1.011~1.297)。家庭地板、窗台、墙壁有褪色、变黑或霉变(OR=2.051, 95% CI：1.094~3.843)会使婴幼儿湿疹的发病风险增高。  结论  产次、喂养方式、父母过敏史、孕期禽肉摄入频率及居家环境对于婴幼儿湿疹发病有影响，应加强开展针对性宣传指导，有效预防婴幼儿湿疹发生。
    Abstract:   Objective  To investigate the incidence of eczema in preschoolers in China, and to explore its risk factors.  Methods  In this study, 681 children in Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study and Offspring Follow-up were included. The demographic information of parents during pregnancy and home environmental factors were investigated by questionnaire. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of eczema in preschoolers.  Results  The incidence of eczema in preschoolers was 23.79%. Our result showed that the risk of eczema in preschoolers whose mothers were multiparae (OR=0.601, 95% CI: 0.398-0.908) is lower than primiparae. 3 to 5 year old children whose mothers (OR=2.191, 95% CI: 1.393-3.447) or fathers (OR=2.008, 95% CI: 1.244-3.239) have an allergic history are more likely to suffer from eczema. Compared with breast feeding, artificial feeding (OR=4.165, 95% CI: 1.450-11.963) and mixed feeding (OR=8.151, 95% CI: 5.165-12.866) were risk factors of infantile eczema. Faded, blackened or mildewed household floors, windowsills or walls also increase the risk of eczema in preschoolers (OR=2.051, 95% CI: 1.094-3.843). Compared to the lower frequency, higher frequency of intake of poultry was significantly associated with an increased risk of eczema (OR=1.145, 95% CI: 1.011-1.297).  Conclusions  Parity, parents' allergic history, feeding patterns, frequency of poultry intake during pregnancy and home environment are associated with eczema in preschoolers, and targeted health education should be strengthened to effectively prevent the occurrence of eczema in 3 to 5 year old children.
    • HTML全文

  • 表  1  研究对象的基本特征[n(%)]

    Table  1.   Demographic characteristics of participants[n(%)]

    变量 总研究对象 婴幼儿湿疹 χ2/t/Z值 P值
    是(n=162) 否(n=519)
    母亲民族 0.027 0.869
      汉族 616(0.46) 146(0.12) 470(0.56)
      非汉族 65(.45) 16(.88) 49(.44)
    母亲妊娠时年龄组(岁) 1.721 0.085
       < 25 102(14.98) 15(.26) 87(16.76)
      25~ < 30 335(49.19) 84(51.85) 251(48.36)
      30~ < 35 179(26.28) 46(28.40) 133(25.63)
      ≥35 65(.54) 17(10.49) 48(.25)
    母亲孕前BMI(kg/m2) 0.654 0.513
      偏瘦(< 18.5) 81(11.89) 16(.88) 65(12.52)
      正常(18.5~ < 24.0) 400(58.74) 96(59.26) 304(58.57)
      超重(24.0~ < 28.0) 170(24.96) 45(27.78) 125(24.08)
      肥胖(≥28.0) 30(4.41) 5(3.09) 25(4.82)
    母亲文化程度 0.632 0.528
      初中及以下 81(11.89) 13(8.02) 68(13.10)
      高中 159(23.35) 42(25.93) 117(22.54)
      大专/本科 409(60.06) 100(61.73) 309(59.54)
      硕士及以上 32(4.70) 7(4.32) 25(4.82)
    父亲文化程度 1.423 0.155
      初中及以下 88(12.92) 17(10.49) 71(13.68)
      高中 177(25.99) 39(24.07) 138(26.59)
      大专/本科 384(56.39) 97(59.88) 287(55.30)
      硕士及以上 32(4.70) 9(5.56) 23(4.43)
    母亲职业 3.370 0.185
      无职业 186(27.31) 36(22.22) 150(28.90)
      脑力活动 254(37.30) 61(37.65) 193(37.19)
      体力活动 241(35.39) 65(40.12) 176(33.91)
    父亲职业 1.859 0.395
      无职业 51(7.49) 9(5.56) 42(8.09)
      脑力活动 348(51.10) 89(54.94) 259(49.90)
      体力活动 282(41.41) 64(39.51) 218(42.00)
    母亲过敏史 27.303 ＜0.001
      否 506(74.30) 95(58.64) 411(79.19)
      是 175(25.70) 67(41.36) 108(20.81)
    母亲家族过敏史 2.425 0.119
      否 618(0.75) 142(87.65) 476(1.71)
      是 63(.25) 20(12.35) 43(8.29)
    父亲过敏史 22.355 ＜0.001
      否 536(78.71) 106(65.43) 430(82.85)
      是 145(21.29) 56(34.57) 89(17.15)
    父亲家族过敏史 2.947 0.086
      否 627(2.07) 144(88.89) 483(3.06)
      是 54(7.93) 18(11.11) 36(6.94)
    家庭年收入(万元) 1.984 0.047
      ＜10 205(30.10) 42(25.93) 163(31.41)
      10~ < 20 232(34.07) 51(31.48) 181(34.87)
      ≥20 244(35.83) 69(42.59) 175(33.72)
    产次 6.678 0.009
      初产妇 339(49.78) 95(58.64) 244(47.01)
      经产妇 342(50.22) 67(41.36) 275(52.99)
    意外怀孕 0.874 0.350
      否 489(71.81) 121(74.69) 368(70.91)
      是 192(28.19) 41(25.31) 151(29.09)
    婴幼儿性别 1.369 0.242
      男 330(48.46) 85(52.47) 245(47.21)
      女 351(51.54) 77(47.53) 274(52.79)
    婴幼儿出生体重(x±s, g) 3 335.17±51.97 3 325.60±43.10 3 341.00±53.50 0.330 0.740
    婴幼儿出生身长(x±s, cm) 48.68±7.81 49.09±5.93 48.55±8.31 -0.760 0.445
    喂养方式 103.201 < 0.001
      母乳喂养 520(76.36) 77(47.53) 443(85.36)
      人工喂养 19(2.79) 6(3.70) 13(2.50)
      混合喂养 142(20.85) 79(48.77) 63(12.14)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  研究对象孕期膳食每周食用频率(天/周)的基本特征(x±s)

    Table  2.   Basic characteristics of weekly dietary frequency during pregnancy (x±s)

    变量 总研究对象 婴幼儿湿疹 t值 P值
    是(n=162) 否(n=519)
      谷薯类 2.67±1.32 2.69±1.23 2.66±1.35 -0.221 0.823
    蔬菜类 4.51±1.79 4.67±1.72 4.46±1.82 -1.283 0.202
    水果类 5.89±1.40 6.08±1.22 5.83±1.44 -2.014 0.045
    红肉类 4.68±1.82 4.61±1.74 4.71±1.84 0.593 0.558
    禽肉类 2.24±1.65 2.72±1.91 2.24±1.66 -3.182 0.002
    淡水鱼 1.86±1.50 2.19±1.60 1.89±1.34 -2.250 0.025
    深水鱼 1.10±1.17 1.12±1.20 1.10±1.15 -0.242 0.811
    蛋类 4.46±1.88 4.57±1.88 4.43±1.87 -0.841 0.400
    奶制品类 4.62±2.03 4.83±1.98 4.55±2.05 -1.550 0.121
    大豆类 2.28±1.35 2.22±1.25 2.31±1.38 0.904 0.367
    坚果类 2.70±1.89 2.69±2.03 2.70±1.83 0.062 0.955
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  研究对象居住环境的基本特征[n(%)]

    Table  3.   The basic characteristics of the living environment of the research object [n(%)]

    变量 总研究对象 婴幼儿湿疹 t值 P值
    是(n=162) 否(n=519)
    家里养宠物 0.385 0.535
      否 598(87.81) 140(86.42) 458(88.25)
      是 83(12.19) 22(13.58) 61(11.75)
    毛绒玩具 1.416 0.234
      否 215(31.57) 45(27.78) 170(32.76)
      是 466(68.43) 117(72.22) 349(67.24)
    室内养花草 8.475 0.004
      否 395(58.00) 78(48.15) 317(61.08)
      是 286(42.00) 84(51.85) 202(38.92)
    屋顶或墙壁渗水或漏水 1.673 0.196
      否 626(1.92) 145(89.51) 481(2.68)
      是 55(8.08) 17(10.49) 38(7.32)
    墙面、地面或者窗台上有油漆或涂料剥落 8.083 0.005
      否 625(1.78) 140(86.42) 485(3.45)
      是 56(8.22) 22(13.58) 34(6.55)
    地板、窗台、墙壁有褪色、变黑或霉变 21.129 ＜0.001
      否 626(1.92) 135(83.33) 491(4.61)
      是 55(8.08) 27(16.67) 28(5.39)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  婴幼儿湿疹相关因素的logistic回归分析模型分析

    Table  4.   Logistic regression analysis of infant eczema related factors in China

    变量 婴幼儿湿疹 变量 婴幼儿湿疹
    P值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 OR(95% CI)值
    产次 地板、窗台、墙壁有褪色、变黑或霉变
      初产妇 1.000   否 1.000
      经产妇 0.016 0.601(0.398~0.908)   是 0.012 2.051(1.094~3.843)
    母亲过敏史 孕期食用水果频率 0.115 1.143(0.968~1.350)
      否 1.000 孕期食用禽肉频率 0.033 1.145(1.011~1.297)
      是 0.001 2.191(1.393~3.447) 孕期食用浅水鱼频率 0.597 1.043(0.893~1.217)
    父亲过敏史 家庭年收入(万元)
      否 1.000   ＜10 1.000
      是 0.004 2.008(1.244~3.239)   10~ < 20 0.338 0.748(0.451~1.217)
    室内养花草   ≥20 0.554 0.855(0.511~1.434)
      否 1.000 喂养方式
      是 0.158 1.348(0.890~2.041)   母乳喂养 1.000
    墙面、地面或者窗台上有油漆或涂料剥落   人工喂养 0.008 4.165(1.450~11.963)
      否 1.000   混合喂养 ＜0.001 8.151(5.165~12.866)
      是 0.149 1.648(0.837~3.244)
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-12-10
  • 修回日期:  2022-04-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-09-17
  • 刊出日期:  2022-09-10

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