Epidemiological characteristics of measles and strategies for measles elimination from 2011 to 2020 in Anhui Province
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摘要:
目的 分析2011-2020年安徽省麻疹流行特征, 探讨消除麻疹策略。 方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析2011-2020年安徽省麻疹流行特征。 结果 安徽省2011-2020年共报告麻疹病例8 892例, 年均发病率为1.48/10万, 整体呈现下降趋势(X2趋势=1 794.80, P<0.001)。病例主要集中在2-6月, 低发病年份无明显季节聚集性。皖北、皖中和皖南地区年平均发病率分别为1.82/10万、1.12/10万和1.24/10万, 差异有统计学意义(X2=44.95, P<0.001)。病例主要集中在不足2岁和15岁以上人群, 占总发病数的90.25%。56.94%的病例无明确含麻疹成分疫苗(measles containing vaccine, MCV)接种史, 30.40%的病例接种史不详。758例麻疹病例有基因型鉴定结果, 其中737例均为本土H1基因型, 16例为疫苗株A基因型, B3基因型2例, D8基因型3例。共报告突发公共卫生事件相关信息5起, 暴发疫情76起。 结论 2011-2020年安徽省麻疹发病呈现下降趋势, 近年来保持低发病水平。应继续提高适龄儿童MCV的及时、全程接种率, 必要时对重点人群开展补充免疫, 同时加强流行病学监测和病原学监测, 进一步阻断麻疹病毒传播。 Abstract:Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2011 to 2020 in Anhui Province and explore the strategies for measles elimination. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of measles in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 8 892 cases of measles were reported in Anhui province from 2011 to 2020, with an average annual incidence of 1.48/100 000, the overall trend is downward (X2trend=1 794.80, P<0.001).Measles cases were mainly concentrated from February to June, and there was no obvious seasonal clustering in the years with low incidence.The average annual incidence in northern Anhui, central Anhui and southern Anhui were 1.82/100 000, 1.12/100 000 and 1.24/100 000 respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (X2=44.95, P<0.001).About 90.25% of the total cases were people aged less than 2 years and over 15 years old, 56.94% of the cases had no history of receiving MCV vaccination, and 30.40% don't know if they've been vaccinated.There were 758 cases in which measles virus genotypes were available, including 737 cases with H1 genotype, 16 cases with vaccine strain A genotype, 2 cases with B3 genotype, and 3 cases with D8 genotype.A total of 5 public health emergencies and 76 outbreaks of measles were reported. Conclusions The incidence of measles in Anhui Province decreased from 2011 to 2020 and maintained low in recent years.We should increase MCV coverage and timely vaccination among age-eligible children, conduct MCV supplementary immunization activities if necessary, and enhance epidemiological and etiological surveillance of measles, in order to block the spread of measles effectively. -
Key words:
- Measles /
- Epidemiology /
- Measles elimination /
- Strategies
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图 1 2011—2020年安徽省麻疹报告发病数和发病率
Figure 1. The reported cases and incidence rate of measles in Anhui Province, 2011-2020
图 2 2011―2020年安徽省麻疹病例年龄分布
Figure 2. Age distribution of measles cases in Anhui Province, 2011-2020
表 1 2011―2020年安徽省分地区麻疹发病率(/10万)
Table 1. Reginal distribution of measles incidence in Anhui Province (/100 000), 2011-2020
变量 淮河以北 江淮之间 长江以南 全省合计 X2值 P值 2011年 0.72 0.38 0.67 0.59 25.79 < 0.001 2012年 0.40 0.35 0.51 0.41 4.53 0.104 2013年 7.43 2.86 1.54 4.55 844.24 < 0.001 2014年 2.30 1.23 1.13 1.67 107.36 < 0.001 2015年 5.45 4.52 7.33 5.48 113.82 < 0.001 2016年 1.47 1.01 0.81 1.17 39.94 < 0.001 2017年 0.66 0.20 0.32 0.43 63.87 < 0.001 2018年 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.22 1.62 0.446 2019年 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.09 2.44 0.296 2020年 0.04 0.11 0.07 0.07 10.90 0.004 年均 1.82 1.12 1.24 1.48 44.95 < 0.001 
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表 2 2014―2020年安徽省8月龄~14岁麻疹病例MCV免疫史[n(%)]
Table 2. MCV immunization of measles cases aged 8 months to 10 years in Anhui Province, 2014-2020 [n(%)]
剂次 8~<18月龄 18~<24月龄 2~14岁 0剂 789(71.34) 38(44.71) 1 784(82.82) 1剂 280(25.32) 23(27.06) 304(14.11) ≥2剂 2(0.18) 18(21.18) 20(0.93) 不详 35(3.16) 6(7.06) 46(2.14) 合计 1 106(100.00) 85(100.00) 2 154(100.00)
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