基于决策树模型的城市居民日常饮食-营养素抗衰老方案筛选研究

涂嘉欣; 吴磊; 杨善岚; 邓莉芳; 周生泽; 朱若灵; 黄河浪

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.01.015

基于决策树模型的城市居民日常饮食-营养素抗衰老方案筛选研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.01.015

涂嘉欣^{1, 2},
吴磊^{1, 2},
杨善岚^{1, 2},
邓莉芳^{1, 2},
周生泽¹,
朱若灵^{1, 2},
黄河浪^{1, 2, ,}

1.
330006 南昌，南昌大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室
2.
330006 南昌，江西省预防医学重点实验室

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 81960620

详细信息

通讯作者:
黄河浪，E-mail：hhlang0821@sina.com

中图分类号: R181.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-24
- 修回日期: 2022-06-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-10

Study on screening of daily diet and nutrient anti-aging programs for urban residents based on decision tree model

TU Jia-xin^{1, 2},
WU Lei^{1, 2},
YANG Shan-lan^{1, 2},
DENG Li-fang^{1, 2},
ZHOU Sheng-ze¹,
ZHU Ruo-ling^{1, 2},
HUANG He-lang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Department of Epidemioloy, School of Public Health of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
2.
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81960620

More Information

Corresponding author: HUANG He-lang, E-mail: hhlang0821@sina.com

摘要

摘要: 目的分析并筛选社区居民日常饮食-营养素摄入种类、结构、数量等变量，构建抗衰老方案。方法选择南北方4省(江西省、福建省、陕西省及甘肃省)部分社区作为研究现场，采用多阶段分层整群抽样，通过生理-心理-社会三维人体衰老度量表(physiological-psycho-social three dimensional aging scale, PPSHAS)测量衰老并调查居民饮食现况。分析被测对象状态年龄、饮食(营养素)谱，以决策树(decision tree, DT)模型筛选变量构建抗衰老方案。结果回收有效问卷660份(91.79%)，男女比1∶1.2。女性普遍比男性年轻(t=2.317, P=0.018)。总计34.85%的居民状态相对年轻，其差值在(4.37~12.33)岁，40.00%的居民状态相对年老，其差值在3.29~10.53岁。年轻组日常饮食中荤菜(部分)、蔬菜类、奶、水果、坚果、水等摄入量高于年老组(均有P＜0.05)，日饮水量高出年老组625.15 mL；年老组牛羊肉、食用油摄入量高于年轻组(χ²_牛羊肉=15.557, χ²_食用油=69.520, P＜0.001)。年轻组6类营养素(蛋白质、碳水化合物等)的摄入量均高于年老组(均有P＜0.05)，而脂类则相反(t=26.173, P＜0.001)。获得6种饮食类抗衰老方案，其中抗衰贡献因子排前3的是饮水量(0.47)、鱼虾(0.10)和茄果类(0.08)；营养素类4种方案，其中抗衰贡献因子排前3的是蛋白质(0.48)、水(0.28)和膳食纤维(0.18)。结论 1/3以上的城市居民处于年龄较小状态。主食、荤菜、蔬菜、瓜果、豆类、奶摄入量有抗衰老效应，饮水尤甚；过量脂类摄入不利抗衰老；饮食类抗衰老方案以1、2号最佳，营养素类方案以1号为最佳。
- 饮食 /
- 抗衰老 /
- 决策树 /
- 流行病学
Abstract: Objective The study analyzed and screened the daily diet, nutrient intake type, structure, quantity and other variables of community residents to construct an anti-aging program. Methods Four Provinces in North and South were selected as the research field. We applied the physiological-psycho-social three dimensional aging scale (PPSHAS) scale to measure aging and investigated the dietary status of residents. The Decision Tree model was used to construct the program. Results There were 660 valid questionnaires retrieved (91.79%), with a male to female ratio of 1∶1.2. Women were generally younger than males (t=2.317, P0.018). A total of 34.85 % of inhabitants were 4.37-12.33 years younger, while 40.00 % were 3.29-10.53 years older. In the younger group, the daily intake of meat vegetables (parts), vegetables, milk, fruits, nuts, water, and so on were significantly higher than in the obviously older group (P < 0.05). And the daily water intake was 625.15 mL higher. The latter consumed more beef, mutton and edible oil than the former (χ²_{beef, mutton} =15.557, χ²_{edible oil}=69.520, P < 0.001). In terms of nutrition, the youthful group consumed considerably more (P < 0.05), but the lipid consumption was the invert (t=26.17, P < 0.001). There are six types of dietary anti-aging programs, with the top three anti-aging contributing factors being water intake (0.47), fish and shrimp (0.10), and nightshade (0.08). Four types of nutrient programs, programs with the top three anti-aging factors were protein (0.48), water (0.28), and dietary fiber (0.08). Conclusions With over one-third of urban dwellers are significantly younger. The intake of staple foods, meat vegetables, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and milk were much greater in the youthful group than in the clearly old group, particularly drinking water. Excessive lipid intake is negative to anti-aging. Dietary anti-aging programs are best with No. 1 and No. 2, and nutritional programs are best with No. 1.
- Diet /
- Anti-aging /
- Decision tree model /
- Epidemiology

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图 1 抗衰老贡献率排序：A建模流程；B饮食类型；C营养素

Figure 1. Ranking of anti-aging contribution rates of diet types: A modeling process; B diet types; C nutrient types

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表 1 南、北方城市社区居民基本特征分析与比较[n(%)]

Table 1. Analysis and comparison of basic characteristics of community residents in southern and northern cities [n(%)]

特征	总数(18个社区)	南部(8个社区)	北部(10个社区)	t/χ²值	P值
年龄(岁)
范围	27~103	27~103	33~92
均值(x±s)	64.55±11.95	65.11±11.00	63.88±12.14	1.357	0.175
≥60	417(63.18)	226(64.38)	191(61.81)	3.543	0.060
性别				63.441	＜0.001
男	297(45.00)	178(50.71)	119(38.51)
女	363(55.00)	173(49.29)	190(61.49)
文化程度				7.530	0.057
小学及以下	397(57.21)	203(58.00)	174(56.31)
初中	143(24.73)	93(26.57)	70(22.65)
高中	75(11.38)	38(11.14)	36(11.65)
大专及以上	44(6.68)	16(4.29)	29(9.38)
婚姻状况				2.191	0.335
已婚	549(83.31)	294(84.00)	255(82.52)
未婚	10(1.52)	3(0.86)	7(2.27)
其他^a	100(15.17)	53(15.14)	47(15.21)
人均年收入(x±s, 元)	30 582.38±1 407.72	34 122.00±1 825.92	27 042.75±1 644.14	52.407	＜0.001
注：^a指离婚或丧偶。

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表 2 不同衰老度研究对象膳食类型、营养素种类的摄入水平比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of dietary types and nutrient intake levels of subjects with different aging degrees (x±s)

摄入量/人		相对轻(n=205)	相对老(n=162)	摄入量/人	相对轻(n=205)	相对老(n=162)
主食(g/d)	大米	242.26±154.18	215.33±155.07	能量^c(kJ/周)	38 343.61±10 432 ^b	25 290.02±8 421.12
	面粉	318.89±253.80	295.31±268.16	蛋白质(g/周)	607.36±182.97 ^b	161.58±80.07
	粗粮	520.51±398.30 ^a	420.99±364.07	脂类(g/周)	315.63±119.72 ^b	442.51±196.95
蔬菜(g/周)	叶菜	916.41±733.59 ^b	586.17±442.6	碳水化合物(g/周)	1 525.07±454.22 ^b	531.85±264.24
	根茎	638.27±637.91 ^b	259.47±202.75	膳食纤维(g/周)	637.45±254.42 ^b	178.86±115.31
	茄果豆	560.30±566.44 ^b	231.63±168.12	水(g/d)	3 233.8±1234.88 ^b	1 918.26±1 023.42
	瓜类	532.61±516.97 ^a	309.82±260.71	维生素(μg/周、mg/周)
	豆制品	250.02±205.83 ^b	122.6±80.47	维生素A(μg)	2 671.3±1352.09	2 528.81±1 472.79
荤菜(g/周)	牛羊肉	1 080.25±950.69 ^b	653.26±571.72	维生素B(mg)	49.41±40.54 ^b	8.84±4.92
	猪肉	650.88±638.97	775.38±673.34	维生素C(mg)	278.27±145.56 ^b	166.77±108.26
	家禽	291.53±277.79 ^b	163.71±117.24	维生素D(mg)	15.98±13.81 ^b	6.4±4.27
	鱼虾	418.53±536.63 ^a	224.88±150.41	维生素E(mg)	93.97±35.19 ^a	83.77±40.29
	蛋类	254.28±213.59 ^b	69.07±51.21	矿物质(μg/周、mg/周)
其他(g/周、mL/周)	水果	658.06±547.72 ^b	278.38±83.09	钙(mg)	1 504.21±765.81 ^b	1 050.65±577.83
	奶类	596.54±400.71 ^b	106.36±80.71	铁(mg)	45.73±20.86 ^b	36.74±17.48
	坚果	68.96±78.77 ^b	76.13±18.87	锌(mg)	36.51±19.29 ^b	28.99±15.16
调味品(g/d)	油	13.9±12.9 ^b	31.54±20.76	硒(ug)	155.22±83.31 ^b	116.89±58.23
	盐	8.62±6.55	6.87±10.07	铜(mg)	4.46±2.81 ^b	3.48±2.32
饮水量(mL/d)	水	1 500.15±915.15 ^b	871.17±661.72	锰(mg)	8.89±2.63 ^b	7.95±4.55
注：^a指P＜0.05；^b指P＜0.001；^c指能量包括表中蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物的热能。

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表 3 饮食类型及营养素抗衰老不同方案

Table 3. Different anti-aging programs of diet types and nutrient types

变量	方案序号
变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
饮食类型
饮水(mL/d)	＜1 200	≥1 200	＜1 200	＜1 200	≥1 200	＜1 200
奶类(g/周)	0	＜250	＜250	0	＜250	0
茄果(g/周)		＜50
叶菜(g/周)	＜1 050			＜1 050		＜1 050
根茎(g/周)			＜600		＜600
地区(g/周)		北方
食用油(g/周)	＜350			＜350		＜350
蛋类(g/周)	0			≥100	0
家禽(g/周)	≥300			≥300		0
鱼虾(g/周)		≥100
贡献率(%)	100.00	100.00	8.33	37.5	25.00	11.77
营养素
水(g/d)	≥3 382	≥3 382	＜3 382	≥3 382
蛋白质(g/周)	＜377	＜164	≥377
膳食纤维(g/周)	＜398	≥398	＜398	＜398
维生素A(μg/周)			＜1 599
铁(g/周)			＜28
能量(kJ/周)		＜31 486
贡献率(%)	100.00	94.11	80.00	25.00

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