广州市孕中期妇女营养素补充剂使用情况

郭欣玥; 林力孜; 方慧苹; 唐努; 谢路勤; 曾晶晶; 静进; 蔡莉

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.01.019

广州市孕中期妇女营养素补充剂使用情况

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.01.019

郭欣玥¹,
林力孜²,
方慧苹³,
唐努⁴,
谢路勤⁴,
曾晶晶⁴,
静进⁴,
蔡莉^4, ,

1.
510080 广州，中山大学公共卫生学院预防医学专业
2.
510080 广州，中山大学公共卫生学院劳动与环境卫生学系
3.
518000 深圳，深圳市南山区妇幼保健院
4.
510080 广州，中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系

基金项目:

东省重点领域研发计划项目 2019B030335001

详细信息

通讯作者:
蔡莉，E-mail: caili5@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R173
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-24
- 修回日期: 2021-12-27
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-10

The use of nutrient supplements during the second trimester of pregnancy: a study in Guangzhou

1.
Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
2.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
3.
Shenzhen Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
4.
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China

Funds:

Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province 2019B030335001

More Information

Corresponding author: CAI Li, E-mail: caili5@mail.sysu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的探究广州市孕中期妇女营养素补充剂使用率及使用量情况并进行评估。方法 2017年3月-2018年11月在广州市某医院纳入常规产检的孕20~28周孕妇，采用经信效度检验的问卷面对面收集孕妇过去1个月的营养素补充剂及食物摄入情况，根据相应成分表分别计算各营养素摄入量，其中营养素总摄入量等于补充剂来源摄入量加食物来源摄入量。结果 1 035名孕妇中，孕中期营养素补充剂使用率为80.2%；大部分孕妇使用复合类补充剂；各营养素中钙(76.2%)和叶酸(51.6%)补充率最高。除铜外，其余营养素食物摄入量均存在一定比例的孕妇未达到平均需要量(estimated average requirement, EAR)、推荐摄入量(recommended nutrient intake，RNI)或适宜摄入量(adequate intake，AI)，特别是维生素B6、叶酸和钙；进一步纳入营养素补充剂摄入量分析发现使用组营养素总摄入量达到EAR、RNI/AI的比例均有所提高，且使用组总摄入情况优于未使用组(如使用组孕妇钙总摄入量达到RNI的比例为61.4%，而未使用组仅为8.8%)。结论广州市孕中期妇女营养素补充剂使用率整体处于较高水平，孕中期孕妇仅靠食物难以完全满足营养素需求，合理使用营养素补充剂可改善营养素摄入情况。
- 孕中期 /
- 营养素补充剂 /
- 膳食营养素参考摄入量
Abstract: Objective To estimate the use of nutrient supplements among women in the second trimester of pregnancy in Guangzhou City. Methods A total of 1 035 pregnant women (20-28 weeks' gestation) were recruited in a hospital in Guangzhou from March 2017 to November 2018. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess nutrient supplement and food intakes in the past month, based on which the daily nutrient intake was calculated. We also calculated the total nutrient intake by summing up the nutrient intake from supplements and food. Results Among all the pregnant women, 80.2% used nutrient supplements during the second trimester, and most of them used compound supplements. Among various nutrients, the utilization rates of calcium (76.2%) and folic acid (51.6%) were highest. There were a certain proportion of pregnant women whose nutrient intake from food (except copper) did not reach the estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended intake (RNI)/adequate intake (AI), especially for vitamin B6, folic acid, and calcium. When nutrient intake from supplement was included, we found that the proportion of total nutrient intake reaching EAR and RNI/AI increased in pregnant women who used supplements, which was significantly higher than that in those who did not (For example, the proportion of total calcium intake reaching RNI was 61.4% in pregnant women who used supplements, but only 8.8% in those who did not). Conclusions The utilization rate of nutrient supplements among pregnant women in the second trimester in Guangzhou is relatively high. Nutrient intake from food can't fully meet the needs of most pregnant women. Nutrient supplements should be used appropriately to improve their nutritional status.
- The second trimester of pregnancy /
- Nutrient supplements /
- Dietary reference intake

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表 1 孕中期孕妇各营养素补充情况(n=1 035)

Table 1. The use of nutrient supplements of pregnant woman during the second trimester (n=1 035)

变量	补充者[n(%)]	补充者的日均使用量[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]	变量	补充者[n(%)]	补充者的日均使用量[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]
维生素A(μgRAE)	464(44.8)	1 200.0(945.0, 1 200.0)	镁(mg)	470(45.4)	100.0(64.2, 100.0)
维生素B1(mg)	465(44.9)	1.6(1.4, 1.7)	铁(mg)	482(46.6)	60.0(15.2, 60.0)
维生素B2(mg)	465(44.9)	1.8(1.4, 1.9)	锌(mg)	474(45.8)	7.5(7.5, 11.0)
维生素B6(mg)	461(44.5)	2.6(1.9, 3.3)	铜(mg)	371(35.8)	1.0(1.0, 1.0)
叶酸(μgDFE)	534(51.6)	1 360.0(777.1, 1 360.0)	碘(μg)	194(18.7)	100.0(18.7, 150.0)
维生素B12(μg)	460(44.4)	4.0(2.9, 5.2)	硒(μg)	195(18.8)	25.0(4.7, 65.0)
维生素C(mg)	473(45.7)	100.0(60.0, 100.0)	锰(mg)	368(35.6)	1.0(1.0, 1.4)
维生素E(mg α-TE)	470(45.4)	15.0(8.8, 15.5)	EPA(mg)	102(9.9)	50.0(25.0, 50.0)
钙(mg)	789(76.2)	600.0(300.0, 725.0)	DHA(mg)	284(27.4)	221.7(192.2, 400.0)

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表 2 孕中期孕妇营养素摄入达到EAR的情况

Table 2. The rate of nutrient intake reaching EAR of pregnant women in the second trimester

变量	EAR	使用组(n=830)		未使用(n=205)	两组食物摄入量达标率的比较		两组总摄入量达标率的比较
变量	EAR	食物摄入量(%)	总摄入量(%)	总(食物) 摄入量(%)	χ²值	P值	χ²值	P值
维生素A	530 μgRAE/d	48.3	74.7	40.5	4.04	0.044	88.31	＜0.001
维生素B1	1.1 mg/d	32.2	67.6	30.2	0.28	0.596	95.69	＜0.001
维生素B2	1.1 mg/d	66.0	84.3	58.0	4.56	0.033	68.80	＜0.001
维生素B6	1.9 mg/d	4.7	53.9	4.4	0.04	0.851	163.20	＜0.001
叶酸	520 μgDFE/d	12.0	66.0	12.7	0.06	0.803	189.36	＜0.001
维生素B12	2.4 μg/d	28.9	65.7	26.3	0.54	0.464	104.26	＜0.001
维生素C	95 mg/d	73.7	86.7	71.2	0.53	0.466	29.01	＜0.001
钙	810 mg/d	22.4	77.5	20.5	0.35	0.552	238.50	＜0.001
镁	310 mg/d	49.0	65.3	40.5	4.82	0.028	42.31	＜0.001
铁	19 mg/d	56.3	80.8	44.4	9.33	0.002	112.49	＜0.001
锌	7.8 mg/d	91.0	95.5	83.9	8.77	0.003	35.32	＜0.001
铜	0.7 mg/d	99.9	99.9	99.0		0.102 ^a		0.102 ^a
碘	160 μg/d	73.7	77.7	75.1	0.16	0.685	0.63	0.429
硒	54 μg/d	38.3	46.7	24.9	12.93	＜0.001	32.19	＜0.001
注：^a表示确切概率法。

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表 3 孕中期孕妇营养素摄入量达到RNI/AI的情况

Table 3. The rate of nutrient intake reaching RNI/AI of pregnant women in the second trimester

变量	RNI/AI	使用组(n=830)		未使用(n=205)	两组食物摄入量达标率的比较		两组总摄入量达标率的比较
变量	RNI/AI	食物摄入量(%)	总摄入量(%)	总(食物) 摄入量(%)	χ²值	P值	χ²值	P值
维生素A	770 μgRAE/d	23.6	63.3	19.5	1.57	0.210	126.88	＜0.001
维生素B1	1.4 mg/d	13.4	58.8	13.2	0.01	0.939	136.89	＜0.001
维生素B2	1.4 mg/d	40.8	71.4	31.2	6.40	0.011	114.75	＜0.001
维生素B6	2.2 mg/d	2.3	50.6	3.4	0.85	0.357	151.04	＜0.001
叶酸	600 μgDFE/d	7.0	62.5	7.8	0.17	0.684	197.16	＜0.001
维生素B12	2.9 μg/d	18.3	60.2	15.1	1.15	0.284	133.96	＜0.001
维生素C	105 mg/d	66.9	84.2	65.4	0.17	0.683	37.19	＜0.001
维生素E ^a	14 mg α-TE/d	95.5	97.1	95.1	0.07	0.796	2.04	0.153
钙	1 000 mg/d	10.1	61.4	8.8	0.33	0.564	182.47	＜0.001
镁	370 mg/d	29.8	46.6	26.3	0.93	0.335	27.66	＜0.001
铁	24 mg/d	29.4	64.9	21.5	5.15	0.023	126.32	＜0.001
锌	9.5 mg/d	76.6	88.9	68.3	6.09	0.014	54.34	＜0.001
铜	0.9 mg/d	99.0	99.3	98.0	0.67	0.413	1.47	0.226
碘	230 μg/d	8.9	23.5	6.3	1.41	0.234	30.12	＜0.001
硒	65 μg/d	23.3	33.0	13.2	9.98	0.002	31.38	＜0.001
锰^a	4.9 mg/d	52.3	65.9	48.3	1.05	0.305	21.73	＜0.001
DHA	200 mg/d	1.0	29.2	0.0	0.93	0.334	78.01	＜0.001
注：^a表示AI。

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