环境健康风险评估和死亡负担监测系统知晓及应用情况调查研究

廖启静; 葛小婷; 鲍宇; 何俊秀; 胡思瀚; 荆涛; 覃健; 杨晓波

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.05.004

环境健康风险评估和死亡负担监测系统知晓及应用情况调查研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.05.004

1.
545006 柳州，广西科技大学理学院统计学系
2.
545006 柳州，广西科技大学医学部公共卫生系
3.
530021 南宁，广西医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生系
4.
430000 武汉，华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院环境医学研究所

基金项目:

中国工程院咨询项目"公共卫生环境治理" 2022-XBZD-18-04

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨晓波，E-mail: yangx@gxmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R12
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-17
- 修回日期: 2023-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-10

Investigation and research on the awareness and application of environmental health risk assessment and mortality burden monitoring system

1.
Department of Statistics School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
2.
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
3.
Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China

Funds:

Chinese Academy of Engineering Consulting Project "Public Health Environmental Governance" 2022-XBZD-18-04

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Xiaobo, E-mail: yangx@gxmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国环境相关健康风险评估及死亡负担监测系统运用现状及关键问题，探讨优化路径。方法结合分层抽样和方便抽样，选取辽宁、上海、湖北、广西、山西等地区省、市、区、县卫生环境监测部门及疾病预防控制中心的具体负责环境健康风险评估和死亡负担监测的技术带头人作为研究对象，采用自填式电子问卷调查的方式开展调研，共收回217份问卷，剔除无效问卷后，最终有效问卷为211份。结果在211名调查对象中，98.58%的调查对象认可环境相关健康风险评估的重要性；57.35%调查对象表示知晓环境健康风险评估标准或指南，其中97.52%的调查对象认为环境健康风险评估指南或标准是具有指导意义，各层级单位之间知晓情况差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.420, P=0.299)；在现实工作中会运用环境健康风险评估模型的比例为19.91%，省级单位(27.78%)占比高于市级(14.89%)和县级单位(20.55%)。中国环境相关死亡负担监测系统的知晓率仅为8.06%，92.42%的研究对象认为有必要开展环境相关死亡负担监测。研究对象认为环境相关死亡负担最应监测的环境介质和目标物分别为空气(90.00%)、重金属(83.40%)。目前评估环境相关死亡负担最重要的指标分别为死亡率、病死率和潜在减寿年数。结论中国环境相关健康风险评估和死亡负担监测系统面临着知晓率不高、认识不够，尤其是普及率和实际运用度低等问题。仍需采取一系列有力措施，加快中国环境相关健康风险评价系统和死亡负担监测系统的建设，保护公众健康。
- 环境健康 /
- 风险评估 /
- 死亡负担
Abstract: Objective To examine the current status and key challenges of employing environmental health risk assessment and mortality burden monitoring systems in China and to explore potential optimization strategies. Methods Technicians responsible for environmental health risk assessment and mortality burden monitoring from environmental monitoring departments and CDCs in Liaoning, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangxi, and Shanxi were chosen as subjects through stratified and convenience sampling. They completed self-administered electronic questionnaires. Of 217 returned questionnaires, 211 were deemed valid after removing invalid ones. Results Among the 211 respondents, 98.58% of participants acknowledged the significance of environment-related health risk assessments, 57.35% of participants were familiar with environmental health risk assessment standards or guidelines, and 97.52% of participants considered these guidelines or standards instructive, with no statistically significant difference between units at each level (χ²=2.420, P=0.299). Only 19.91% of participants applied environmental health risk assessment models in their actual work, with a higher percentage at provincial units (27.78%) compared to municipal (14.89%) and county units (20.55%). The awareness rate of China's environment-related mortality burden monitoring system was only 8.06%, and 92.42% of participants believed it necessary to conduct environment-related mortality burden monitoring. The respondents considered air (90.00%) and domestic and heavy mentals (83.40%) respectively the most critical environmental media and target substances to monitor the environment-related mortality burden. The most commonly used indicators to assess the burden of environment-related mortality were mortality rate, case fatality rate, and potential years of life lost. Conclusions China's environmental health risk assessment and mortality burden monitoring systems face low awareness and recognition, particularly regarding dissemination and practical application. A range of robust measures is needed to expedite the development of China's environmental health risk assessment system and mortality burden monitoring system to safeguard public health.
- Environmental and health /
- Risk assessment /
- Mortality burden

HTML全文

图 1 环境相关健康风险评价系统知晓及运用情况等

Figure 1. Awareness and application of environmental related health risk assessment system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 环境相关死亡负担监测系统知晓及建设情况

Figure 2. Awareness and development of environment-related mortality burden monitoring system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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