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摘要:
目的 了解合肥市网约配送员道路交通伤害(road traffic injuries, RTIs)现状并探索其影响因素，为降低合肥市网约配送员道路交通伤害发生率提供依据。 方法 2022年5-7月，采取随机抽样的方法, 对合肥市网约配送员进行调查，调查内容涵盖基本情况、焦虑、社会支持自评、道路交通伤害和道路交通安全行为情况，采用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析合肥市网约配送员RTIs的影响因素。 结果 共调查网约配送员463名，其中42人受伤(9.1%)，受伤发生地点集中在非机动车道(76.2%)，发生月份集中在4-6月(69.0%)，发生具体时间则集中在16:00-19:59时间段(45.2%)，受伤部位以上肢(35.7%)及下肢(33.3%)为主，受伤性质以挫伤/擦伤为主(57.1%)，主要以门诊作为伤后处理方式(45.2%)。多因素logistic回归分析模型 结果 提示，网约配送员入行时长≥1年(OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.18~0.91, P=0.029)、配送时无逆行(OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.22~0.94, P=0.033)、社会支持得分高(OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.16~0.97, P=0.042)是发生RTIs的保护因素，网约配送员已婚/再婚(OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.07~4.42, P=0.031)是发生RTIs的危险因素。 结论 合肥市网约配送员RTIs发生率高，对网约配送员提供多方位情感支持，加强对网约配送员交通安全意识及工作经验的培养，有利于改善网约配送员RTIs发生现状。 Abstract:Objective To research the existing environment and factors affecting road traffic injuries (RTIs) among takeout couriers in Hefei City, to provide solid evidence for reducing RTIs in this population. Methods A random sampling method was used to survey takeout couriers in Hefei City. The survey covered basic information, self-assessed anxiety and social support, frequency of traffic injuries, and safety-related driving behavior. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to examine the factors influencing RTIs among this population. Results A total of 463 takeout couriers were interviewed, 42 of whom were wounded (9.1%). Most injuries occurred in non-motor vehicle lanes (76.2%), between April and June (69.0%), and from 16:00 to 19:59 (45.2%). The upper (35.7%) and lower (33.3%) limbs were the most severely affected body parts, with contusions/abrasions being the most common type of injury (57.1%). Outpatient treatment was the most common form of post-injury care (45.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the length of employment ≥ 1 year (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.91, P=0.029), no retrograde distribution (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.94, P=0.033), and high social support scores (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.16-0.97, P=0.042) were protective factors for RTIs among online distribution personnel. However, being married /remarriage (OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.07-4.42, P=0.031) was identified as a risk factor. Conclusions The incidence of RTIs among takeout couriers is relatively high. To address this, it is essential to strengthen emotional support for takeout couriers, enhance their traffic safety awareness training, and capitalize on their work experience. -
Key words:
- Road traffic injuries /
- Takeout couries /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 合肥市网约配送员基本人口学特征
Table 1. Basic demographic characteristics of takeout couriers in Hefei City
变量Variable 人数
Number of people比例/%
Proportion/%年龄组/岁Age group/years ≤25 130 28.1 26~＜36 238 51.4 ≥36 95 20.5 性别Gender 男Male 451 97.4 女Female 12 2.6 家庭年收入/万元
Annual household income/ten thousand yuan< 5 79 17.1 5~≤15 309 66.7 >15 75 16.2 配送类型Delivery Type 专送Special delivery 235 50.8 众包Crowdsourcing 228 49.2 配送平台Delivery Platform 美团Meituan 304 65.7 饿了么Eleme 159 34.3 
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表 2 合肥市网约配送员RTIs发生情况
Table 2. RTIs characteristics of takeout couriers in Hefei City
变量Variable 人数
Number of people比例/%
Proportion/%发生地点Occurrence location 机动车道Motorway 6 14.3 非机动车道Bcycle lane 32 76.2 混合车道Mixed lane 2 4.7 路口Intersection 1 2.4 人行道Sidewalk 1 2.4 发生月份/月Occurring month /month 1-3 2 4.8 4-6 29 69.0 7-9 7 16.7 10-12 4 9.5 发生时间Occurrence time 04:00-07:59 2 4.8 08:00-11:59 7 16.7 12:00-15:59 9 21.4 16:00-19:59 19 45.2 20:00-23:59 4 9.5 24:00-03:59 1 2.4 注：RTIs, 道路交通伤害。
Note: RTIs, road traffic injuries.
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表 3 合肥市网约配送员RTIs临床特征
Table 3. RTIs clinical features of takeout couriers in Hefei City
变量Variable 人数
Number of people比例/%
Proportion/%受伤程度Degree of injury 轻微伤Slight bodily injury 27 64.3 轻伤Minor injury 15 35.7 重伤Serious injury 0 0.0 受伤部位Injury part 头/颈部Head/neck 8 19.0 面部Face 1 2.4 躯干部Trunk cadre 2 4.8 上肢Upper limbs 14 33.3 下肢Lower limbs 15 35.7 其他Other 2 4.8 受伤性质Nature of injury 骨折Fracture 6 14.3 扭伤/拉伤Sprain/strain 6 14.3 开放伤Open injury 4 9.5 挫伤/擦伤Bruising/abrasions 24 57.1 脑震荡/脑挫裂伤Concussion/contusion 2 4.8 其他Other 0 0.0 伤后处理Post injury treatment 未做处理Untreated 7 16.7 自行处理Discretion 11 26.2 门诊Outpatient 19 45.2 住院Hospitalization 5 11.9 注：RTIs, 道路交通伤害。
Note: RTIs, road traffic injuries.
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表 4 RTIs影响因素的单因素logistic回归分析
Table 4. Single factor logistic regression analysis of RTIs influencing factors
变量Variable 交通伤害[人数(占比/%)]
RTIs[Number of people(proportion/%)]OR值(95% CI)
OR value (95% CI)P值
value受伤(n=42)
Injured (n=42)未受伤(n=421)
Uninjured (n=421)婚姻Marriage 未婚/离异/丧偶Unmarried/divorced/widowed 16(38.1) 227(53.9) 1.00 已婚/再婚Married/remarried 26(61.9) 194(46.1) 1.89(0.99~3.63) 0.055 配送类型Distribution type 专送Special delivery 27(64.3) 208(49.4) 1.00 众包Crowdsourcing 15(35.7) 213(50.6) 0.54(0.28~1.05) 0.069 定期体检Regular check-up 是Yes 16(38.1) 220(52.3) 1.00 否No 26(61.9) 201(47.7) 1.78(0.93~3.41) 0.083 入行时长/年Length of experience/year ≤1 31(73.8) 250(59.4) 1.00 >1 11(26.2) 171(40.6) 0.52(0.25~1.06) 0.072 是否担心配送超时Worrying about delivery overtime 是Yes 35(83.3) 391(92.9) 1.00 否No 7(16.7) 30(7.1) 2.61(1.97~6.36) 0.035 配送时遵守交通信号灯情况Obey traffic lights during delivery 是Yes 38(90.5) 405(96.2) 1.00 否No 4(9.5) 16(3.8) 2.66(0.85~8.37) 0.093 配送时逆行情况Ride in the opposite direction when delivering 是Yes 15(35.7) 89(21.1) 1.00 否No 27(64.3) 332(78.9) 0.48(0.24~0.95) 0.034 社会支持得分/分Social support score/point 低(< 40) Low (< 40) 35(83.3) 283(67.2) 1.00 高(≥40) High (≥40) 7(16.7) 138(32.8) 0.41(0.18~0.95) 0.037 注：RTIs, 道路交通伤害。
Note: RTIs, road traffic injuries.
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表 5 RTIs影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析
Table 5. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of RTIs influencing factors
变量Variable β值
valuesx Wald值
valueOR值(95% CI)
OR value (95% CI)P值
value婚姻Marriage 未婚/离异/丧偶Unmarried/divorced/widowed 1.00 已婚/再婚Married/remarried 0.778 0.361 4.642 2.18(1.07~4.42) 0.031 入行时长/年Length of experience/year ≤1 1.00 >1 -0.905 0.415 4.759 0.41(0.18~0.91) 0.029 配送时逆行情况Ride in the opposite direction when delivering 是Yes 1.00 否No -0.794 0.372 4.568 0.45(0.22~0.94) 0.033 社会支持得分/分Social support score/point 低(< 40) Low (< 40) 1.00 高(≥40) High (≥40) -0.939 0.462 4.134 0.39(0.16~0.97) 0.042 注：RTIs, 道路交通伤害。
Note: RTIs, road traffic injuries.
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表 6 RTIs影响因素交互作用分析
Table 6. Analysis of the interaction of influencing factors of RTIs
变量Variable OR值(95% CI) OR value (95% CI) P值value 婚姻*入行时长Marriage*Length of experience 7.77(0.80~74.99) 0.076 婚姻*配送时逆行情况Marriage*Ride in the opposite direction when delivering 1.73(0.38~7.82) 0.480 婚姻*社会支持得分Marriage*Social support score 1.22(0.47~3.16) 0.677 入行时长*配送时逆行情况Length of experience*Ride in the opposite direction when delivering 3.01(0.46~19.59) 0.250 入行时长*社会支持得分Length of experience* Social support score 0.94(0.35~2.49) 0.896 配送时逆行情况*社会支持得分Delivery in reverse* Social support score 0.87(0.32~2.35) 0.781 注：RTIs, 道路交通伤害。
Note: RTIs, road traffic injuries.
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