健康老龄化量化评估工具的研究进展

荣爽; 介玲瑶; 李文芳; 张婷; 杨佳佳; 李媛媛; 陈婷; 包巍

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.09.017

健康老龄化量化评估工具的研究进展

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.09.017

荣爽¹,
介玲瑶¹,
李文芳¹,
张婷²,
杨佳佳¹,
李媛媛²,
陈婷¹,
包巍^3, ,

1.
武汉科技大学公共卫生学院营养与健康研究院，武汉 430065
2.
武汉大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系，武汉 430071
3.
中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部公共卫生研究院，合肥 230026

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 81941016

教育部人文社会科学研究项目 20YJCZH131

详细信息

通讯作者:
包巍，E-mail: wbao@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: R19
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-05
- 修回日期: 2023-03-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-10

Research progress of quantitative evaluation tool of healthy aging

1.
Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
2.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
3.
Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81941016

Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of the Ministry of Education 20YJCZH131

More Information

Corresponding author: BAO Wei, E-mail : wbao@ustc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 健康老龄化是中国应对人口老龄化的重要手段和途径。目前，有关健康老龄化概念和影响因素的研究已有所进展，但聚焦健康老龄化量化评估的研究还相对较少，深度综述更是缺乏。因此，研究基于国内外相关文献证据，针对健康老龄化量化评估模型的发展历史和常用的量化评估工具进行综述，以期为健康老龄化领域的研究提供更多思路。
- 人口老龄化 /
- 健康老龄化 /
- 量化评估工具
Abstract: Healthy aging is an important approach to address population aging in China. Nowadays, research on the concept and influencing factors of healthy aging has progressed. However, studies focusing on quantitative evaluation of healthy aging are relatively few, and in-depth reviews are lacking. Therefore, this paper reviews the development history of quantitative evaluation models of healthy aging and the commonly used quantitative evaluation tools based on the evidence of relevant literature at home and abroad, thereby to provide more insights for the future research.
- Population aging /
- Healthy aging /
- Quantitative evaluation tool

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图 1 基于文献检索的17篇文献中被测量的健康老龄化领域数

a: 包括心理弹性、感知压力、心理能力、心理社会和行为；b: 包括虚弱指数、危险因素(吸烟、饮酒等)、社会福利、感觉能力、运动能力、童年经历、社会适应。

Figure 1. The measured number of healthy aging domains in 17 literatures based on literature search

a: Other mental health status 1 includes psychological resilience, perceived stress, psychological ability, psychosocial and behavior; b: Include weakness index, risk factors (smoking, drinking, etc), social welfare, sensory ability, motor ability, childhood experience, social adaptation.

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表 1 健康老龄化量化评估的主要工具

Table 1. The main tool for the quantitative evaluation of healthy aging

主要测量指标 Main measurement index		主要测量工具 Main measuring tools	测量工具信息描述 Main information of measuring tools
生理功能 Physiological function	慢性病 Chronic disease	自我报告的慢性病患病状况、自填式共病问卷 Self-reported prevalence of chronic diseases and Self-administered co-disease questionnaire	常被调查的慢性病包括高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肝脏疾病、癌症、骨质疏松症等 Chronic diseases frequently investigated include hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, cancer, osteoporosis and so on
	躯体功能 Physical function	日常生活能力量表(ADL) Activity of Daily Living Scale	ADL量表由Lawton & Brody于1969年编制。包含上厕所、进食、穿衣、梳洗、行走和洗澡6项内容，每个项目划分为4个等级：自己完全可以做、有些困难、需要帮助和根本无法做 The ADL was compiled by Lawton and Brody in 1969. It includes six items: going to the toilet, eating, dressing, grooming, walking and bathing. Each project is divided into four levels: you can do it, you have some difficulties, you need help, and you can′t do it at all
		工具性日常生活活动能力量表(IADL) Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale	IADL包括打电话、购物、备餐、做家务、洗衣、使用交通工具、服药和自理经济8项内容 IADL includes phone call, shopping, food preparation, housework, laundry, use of transportation, medication and self-care economy
	认知功能 Cognitive function	简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE) Mini Mental State Examination	MMSE由Folstein编制，包括5个认知领域：定向力(时间和地点)、记忆力(即刻记忆和延迟回忆)、注意力和计算力、语言能力(命名、复述、阅读、理解、书写)和视空间能力 MMSE is compiled by Folstein and includes five cognitive areas: orientation (time and place), memory (immediate memory and delayed recall), attention and calculation, language ability (naming, retelling, reading, comprehension, writing) and visual spatial ability
		蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA) Montreal Cognitive Assessment	MoCA由Nasreddine等人开发，由8个认知领域组成，即视空间与执行功能、命名、记忆、注意、语言、抽象、延迟回忆和定向 Developed by Nasreddine et al., MoCA consists of eight cognitive domains: visual space and executive function, naming, memory, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall and orientation
心理功能 Psychological function	抑郁 Depression	老年抑郁量表简表(GDS-5) Geriatric Depression Scale	GDS有30条目、15条目和5条目版本，专为老年人创制。GDS-30由Brink和Yesavage于1982年开发，GDS-15由Sheikh和Yesavage在1986年开发，GDS-5由M.Trinidad Hoyl等于1999年开发。GDS-5是从GDS-15中选取了与抑郁症临床诊断相关性最高的5个条目，主要测量老年人对生活是否满意、是否感到无聊、无助、是否不喜欢出去做新鲜的事情、是否感到自己没用5个方面 GDS has 30-item, 15-item and 5-item versions, specially created for the elderly. GDS-30 was developed by Brink and Yesavage in 1982, GDS-15 by Sheikh and Yesavage in 1986, and GDS-5 by M.TrinidadHoyl et al in 1999. Five items with the highest correlation with clinical diagnosis of depression were selected from GDS-15 to form GDS-5. It mainly measures whether the elderly are satisfied with life, whether they feel bored, helpless, whether they do not like to go out to do new things, and whether they feel useless
		流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D) Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale	CES-D由Radloff于1977年编制，原版有20个条目，16个描述消极情绪，4个描述积极情绪，在许多国家的研究中都有较高的信效度。10项CES-D由Andresen于1994年修订，10个条目中有8个描述消极情绪，2个描述积极情绪 CES-D was compiled by Radloff in 1977. There are 20 items in the original version, of which 16 items describe negative emotions and 4 items describe positive emotions. The scale has been shown to have high reliability and validity in studies from many countries.The CES-D of 10 items was revised by Andresen in 1994. Among the 10 items, 8 items describe negative emotions and 2 items describe positive emotions
		自我报告的抑郁情况 Self-reported depression	“自我报告的抑郁史”“过去1个月你有多长时间感到抑郁” “Self-report a history of depression”“How often have you felt depressed in the past month”
	幸福感 Well-being	纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH) Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness	MUNSH由Kozma和Stones于1980年编制，由24个条目组成，10个条目反映正性(称心如意、意气飞扬、对生活特别满意等)和负性情感(无聊、孤独、沮丧、慌乱等)，14个条目反映正性(和年轻时一样快乐、做的事情和以前一样有趣、回顾生活时感到满意等)和负性体验(沉闷、做的事情枯燥单调、情况变得越来越糟等)，其理论框架是情感平衡理论，把幸福理解为两种对立但同样重要的彼此独立的情感之间的平衡，即正性情感和负性情感之间的平衡 MUNSH was compiled by Kozma and Stones in 1980 and consists of 24 items, 10 of which reflect positive emotions (contentment, high spirits, special satisfaction with life, etc.) and negative emotions (boredom, loneliness, depression, panic, etc.). The 14 items reflect positive experiences (being as happy as when you were young, doing things as interesting as before, looking back on life with satisfaction, etc.) and negative experiences (being dull, doing boring things, things getting worse, etc.). Its theoretical framework is the theory of emotional balance, which understands happiness as the balance between two opposing but equally important independent emotions, that is, the balance between positive and negative emotions
	其他心理健康状况 Other mental health status	心理弹性量表(ER 89) Ego Resiliency Scale	ER 89共有14个项目，问卷得分越高，表示心理弹性越高，当遇到压力事件时个体也更容易恢复 There are 14 items in ER 89. The higher the score of the questionnaire, the higher the psychological resilience, and the individuals are more likely to recover when they encounter stressful events
		感知压力量表(PSS) Perceived Stress Scale	PSS主要评估参与者对自己生活压力的看法，得分越高，表明感受到的压力越大 PSS mainly evaluates the participants′ views on the stress of their lives, and the higher the score of the scale, the greater the stress they feel
		医院用焦虑抑郁量表(HADS) Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale	HADS是A.S.Zigmond等研究者于1983年根据16~65岁的普通内科门诊患者的数据编制的，包括焦虑(7条目)和抑郁(7条目)两个子量表。焦虑部分包括紧张、担忧、恐惧、恐慌、放松困难和不安。抑郁部分包括对事物感兴趣、看到事情好的一面，愉快、对打扮自己失去兴趣、乐观、情绪低落、感到害怕等 HAD was compiled by A.S.Zigmond et al in 1983 based on the data of general medical outpatients aged from 16-65 years old. The scale includes two subscales of anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items). The anxiety scale includes tension, worry, fear, panic, relaxation difficulty and anxiety. The depression scale includes interest in things, seeing the bright side of things, happiness, loss of interest in dressing up, optimism, depression, fear, and so on
社会功能 Social function	社会参与 Social participation	是否参与社会活动以及参与社会活动的频率 Whether to participate in social activities and the frequency of participation in social activities	“是否参与户外活动”“是否打牌/打麻将”“近两年里您外出旅游过多少次”“参加有组织的社会活动的频率”“参与家庭活动(包括家务、园艺工作和饲养家畜)的频率”等 "Do you participate in outdoor activities" "Do you play cards/mahjong" "How many times have you been traveling in the past two years" "How often do you participate in organized social activities" "How often do you participate in family activities (including housework, gardening work and raising livestock)"etc
	社会支持 Social support	社会和社区支持和援助问卷(SCSAQ) Social and Community Support and Assistance Questionnaire	用来衡量与家庭生活有关的社会活动和社区内的社会活动 SCSAQ is used to measure social activities related to family life and social activities within the community
		Lubben社会网络量表(LSNS) Lubben Social Network Scale	LSNS共11个条目，主要测量老年人的社会活动参与度和社会支持情况 LSNS contains 11 items. It mainly measures the social activity participation and social support of the elderly
		诺贝克社会支持问卷(NSSQ) Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire	NSSQ要求参与者列出并评价他们从多达24个网络成员那里获得的影响、肯定和帮助的程度。社会支持的网络属性(关系稳定性和联系频率)也通过单独的项目来衡量 NSSQ asked participants to list and rate the level of influence, recognition, and help they received from up to 24 network members. The network attributes of social support (relationship stability and contact frequency) are also measured by separate items
	环境因素 Environmental factors	世界卫生组织生存质量调查表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中的环境维度 Environmental dimensions in the simplified table of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire	WHOQOL-BREF共26个条目，环境维度包括8个条目，分别来自量表简表的第8、9、12、13、14、23、24、25题。问卷为1~5分5级评分，总分从8~40分不等，得分越高表示对生活环境越满意 The WHOQOL-BREF has a total of 26 items. The environmental dimension includes 8 items, which are respectively from questions 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24 and 25 of the scale. The questionnaire is graded on a scale of 1-5, with a total score ranging from 8-40 points. The higher the score on the questionnaire, the more satisfied the participants were with their living environment
	量表 Scale	健康老龄化量表(HAI) Healthy Aging Instrument	HAI由Thiamwong等编制，吴凡等汉化修订，共9个方面，分别为认知功能正常、躯体功能正常、社交参与、拥有社交关系及支持、自我照护、接受年老、生活充足且简单、助人行善、压力管理，共35个条目，总分为35~135分。Cronbach′s α系数为0.93 HAI was compiled by Thiamwong et al., and translated into Chinese by Wu Fan et al. The scale consists of 9 aspects: normal cognitive function, normal physical function, social participation, social relationship and support, self-care, acceptance of old age, adequate and simple life, helping others, and stress management. There were 35 items in the scale, the total score ranged from 35 to 135, and the Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.93
		成功老龄化量表(SAI) Successful Aging Inventory	SAI由Troutman等根据Flood提出的中层护理理论编制，程彦伶汉化修订。包括内心因素和生存意义、功能性应对机制、超越老化、传承感、精神性5个维度20个条目，总分为0~80分。Cronbach′s α系数为0.832 SAI was compiled by Troutman et al according to the middle nursing theory put forward by Flood. Cheng Yanling translated it into Chinese and revised it. The scale includes 20 items in 5 dimensions: internal factors and survival meaning, functional coping mechanism, transcendental aging, sense of inheritance, and spirituality, with a total score of 0-80. The coefficient of Cronbach′s α was 0.832

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