Current status of overweight and obesity and its impact on hypertension among students aged 6-18 between 2017 and 2019 in Longhua District, Shenzhen
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摘要:
目的 了解深圳市龙华区2017―2019年6~18岁学生超重、肥胖情况和高血压的检出率，探索超重和肥胖与高血压之间的关系，为有针对性地开展相关预防工作提供依据。 方法 利用深圳市龙华区中心医院2017―2019年的学生体检数据，描述不同年份、性别和年龄学生的超重、肥胖情况与高血压检出率，采用logistic回归分析模型分析超重和肥胖对高血压患病的影响。 结果 2017―2019年学生体检人数分别为41 275人、46 907人和51 222人，超重检出率分别为9.66%、9.01%和9.89%，肥胖检出率分别为6.84%、6.22%和7.07%，高血压检出率分别为22.07%、21.16%和17.53%。调整年龄和性别后，2017年超重和肥胖组高血压的患病风险分别为正常组的2.191倍(OR=2.191, 95% CI: 2.038~2.355, P < 0.001)和3.984倍(OR=3.984, 95% CI: 3.566~4.186, P < 0.001)，2018年为2.338倍(OR=2.338, 95% CI: 2.179~2.509, P < 0.001)和3.861倍(OR=3.861, 95% CI: 3.565~4.181, P < 0.001)，2019年为2.076倍(OR=2.076, 95% CI: 1.937~2.226, P < 0.001)和3.753倍(OR=3.753, 95% CI: 3.486~4.040, P < 0.001)。 结论 深圳市龙华区儿童和青少年超重、肥胖和高血压检出率均相对较高，超重和肥胖是高血压检出的危险因素，需要引起足够的重视。 Abstract:Objective This study aims to determine the detection rate of overweight, obesity, and hypertension in students aged 6-18 years between 2017 and 2019 in the Longhua District, Shenzhen, and to examine their interrelation, thus providing a basis for relevant preventive measures. Methods The study used student health examination data from 2017 to 2019 sourced from the Central Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen. We delineated the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and hypertension among students across different years, genders, and ages. And a logistic regression model was used to analyze their effects. Results The total number of students who underwent health examinations from 2017 to 2019 were 41 275, 46 907, and 51 222, respectively. The detection rates for overweight were 9.66%, 9.01%, and 9.89%; for obesity, 6.84%, 6.22%, and 7.07%; and for hypertension, 22.07%, 21.16%, and 17.53%, respectively. After adjusting for age and gender, compared with the normal group, the risk of hypertension in the overweight and obesity groups was significantly higher, with 2.191 times (OR=2.191, 95% CI: 2.038-2.355, P < 0.001) and 3.984 times (OR=3.894, 95% CI: 3.566-4.186, P < 0.001) in 2017; 2.338 times (OR=2.338, 95% CI: 2.179-2.509, P < 0.001) and 3.861 times (OR=3.861, 95% CI: 3.565-4.181, P < 0.001) in 2018; 2.076 times (OR=2.076, 95% CI: 1.937-2.226, P < 0.001) and 3.753 times (OR=3.753, 95% CI: 3.486-4.040, P < 0.001) in 2019. Conclusions The detection rates of overweight, obesity, and hypertension in children in Longhua District, Shenzhen, were considerably elevated. Overweight and obesity were found to significantly escalate the risk of hypertension, underscoring the need for increased vigilance and prevention efforts. -
Key words:
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Hypertension /
- Adolescent
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表 1 2017―2019年研究对象的具体分布情况
Table 1. Distribution of research subjects in 2017-2019
年龄组/岁
Age group/years男性① Male ① 女性① Female ① 2017年year 2018年year 2019年year 2017年year 2018年year 2019年year 6~<7 27(0.11) 14(0.05) 17(0.06) 22(0.12) 19(0.09) 20(0.09) 7~<8 2 907(12.33) 3 217(12.16) 3 781(13.20) 2 329(13.16) 2 784(13.61) 3 080(13.64) 8~<9 3 451(14.63) 3 663(13.85) 3 822(13.34) 2 593(14.66) 2 874(14.05) 3 118(13.81) 9~<10 3 196(13.55) 3 629(13.72) 3 645(12.72) 2 430(13.73) 2 818(13.77) 2 886(12.78) 10~<11 2 845(12.06) 3 381(12.78) 3 581(12.50) 2 065(11.67) 2 619(12.80) 2 789(12.35) 11~<12 2 456(10.41) 3 008(11.37) 3 266(11.40) 1 784(10.08) 2 164(10.58) 2 552(11.30) 12~<13 2 104(8.92) 2 451(9.27) 2 782(9.71) 1 535(8.68) 1 825(8.92) 2 005(8.88) 13~<14 1 989(8.43) 2 114(7.99) 2 117(7.39) 1 342(7.58) 1 493(7.30) 1 592(7.05) 14~<15 1 607(6.81) 1 762(6.66) 1 902(6.64) 1 085(6.13) 1 209(5.91) 1 394(6.17) 15~<16 1 190(5.05) 1 286(4.86) 1 487(5.19) 892(5.04) 944(4.61) 1 153(5.11) 16~<17 1 014(4.30) 1 063(4.02) 1 284(4.48) 862(4.87) 990(4.84) 1 134(5.02) 17~<18 688(2.92) 738(2.79) 849(2.96) 661(3.74) 634(3.10) 759(3.36) 18 108(0.46) 121(0.46) 114(0.40) 93(0.53) 87(0.43) 93(0.41) 合计Total 23 582 26 447 28 647 17 693 20 460 22 575 注：①以[人数(占比/%)]表示。
Note: ① [Number of people (proportion/%)].
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表 2 2017―2019年不同性别研究对象超重、肥胖和高血压的检出情况
Table 2. Detection status of overweight, obesity, and hypertension in participants across gender in 2017-2019
性别
Sex2017年year 2018年year 2019年year 超重①
Overweight ①肥胖①
Obesity ①高血压①
Hypertension ①超重①
Overweight ①肥胖①
Obesity ①高血压①
Hypertension ①超重①
Overweight ①肥胖①
Obesity ①高血压①
Hypertension ①男性Male 2 339(9.92) 2 125(9.01) 6 498(27.55) 2 480(9.38) 2 235(8.45) 7 046(26.64) 2 937(10.25) 2 736(9.55) 6 532(22.80) 女性Female 1 649(9.32) 698(3.95) 2 612(14.76) 1 744(8.52) 681(3.33) 2 881(14.08) 2 129(9.43) 886(3.92) 2 447(10.84) 合计Total 3 988(9.66) 2 823(6.84) 9 110(22.07) 4 224(9.01) 2 916(6.22) 9 927(21.16) 5 066(9.89) 3 622(7.07) 8 979(17.53) χ2值value 4.15 407.17 961.71 10.25 519.18 1 090.87 9.56 608.15 1 249.71 P值value 0.042 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.002 < 0.001 < 0.001 注：①以[人数(占比/%)]表示。
Note: ① [Number of people (proportion/%)].
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表 3 2017―2019年不同年龄段研究对象超重、肥胖和高血压的检出情况
Table 3. Detection status of overweight, obesity and hypertension in participants across age from 2017 to 2019
年龄组/岁
Age group/years2017年year 2018年year 2019年year 超重①
Overweight ①肥胖①
Obesity ①高血压①
Hypertension ①超重①
Overweight ①肥胖①
Obesity ①高血压①
Hypertension ①超重①
Overweight ①肥胖①
Obesity ①高血压①
Hypertension ①6~<7 14(28.57) 4(8.16) 11(22.45) 4(12.12) 1(3.03) 9(27.27) 6(16.22) 5(13.51) 7(18.92) 7~<8 491(9.38) 376(7.18) 1 193(22.78) 467(7.78) 392(6.53) 1 042(17.36) 558(8.13) 529(7.71) 1 021(14.88) 8~<9 482(7.97) 504(8.34) 1 178(19.49) 522(7.99) 427(6.53) 1 038(15.88) 597(8.60) 542(7.81) 952(13.72) 9~<10 540(9.60) 503(8.94) 967(17.19) 535(8.30) 505(7.83) 1 006(15.60) 585(8.96) 532(8.15) 928(14.21) 10~<11 465(9.47) 335(6.82) 891(18.15) 558(9.30) 469(7.82) 1 033(17.22) 642(10.08) 552(8.67) 954(14.98) 11~<12 392(9.25) 284(6.70) 812(19.15) 463(8.95) 295(5.70) 886(17.13) 615(10.57) 479(8.23) 841(14.46) 12~<13 397(10.91) 212(5.83) 981(26.96) 425(9.94) 245(5.73) 984(23.01) 503(10.51) 268(5.60) 895(18.70) 13~<14 353(10.60) 187(5.61) 861(25.85) 392(10.87) 159(4.41) 1 085(30.08) 416(11.22) 178(4.80) 737(19.87) 14~<15 249(9.25) 149(5.53) 773(28.71) 289(9.73) 142(4.78) 1 030(34.67) 369(11.20) 179(5.43) 836(25.36) 15~<16 222(10.66) 104(5.00) 650(31.22) 193(8.65) 117(5.25) 735(32.96) 294(11.14) 126(4.77) 768(29.09) 16~<17 217(11.57) 95(5.06) 466(24.84) 212(10.33) 105(5.11) 607(29.57) 271(11.21) 134(5.54) 602(24.90) 17~<18 143(10.60) 66(4.89) 324(24.02) 146(10.64) 53(3.86) 470(34.26) 182(11.31) 91(5.66) 437(27.18) 18 23(11.44) 4(1.99) 3(1.49) 18(8.65) 6(2.88) 2(0.96) 28(13.53) 7(3.38) 1(0.48) 合计Total 3 988(9.66) 2 823(6.84) 9 110(22.07) 4 224(9.01) 2 916(6.22) 9 927(21.16) 5 066(9.89) 3 622(7.07) 8 979(17.53) χ2值value 63.98 118.29 477.31 55.17 117.66 1359.09 79.73 157.87 858.16 P值value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 注：①以[人数(占比/%)]表示。
Note: ① [Number of people (proportion/%)].
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表 4 超重和肥胖影响高血压患病的logistic回归分析模型分析
Table 4. The logistic regression analysis for the association between overweight and obesity and hypertension
变量Variable 2017年year 2018年year 2019年year β值
valueOR值value
(95% CI)P值
valueβ值
valueOR值value
(95% CI)P值
valueβ值
valueOR值value
(95% CI)P值
value正常Normal weight 1.000 1.000 1.000 超重Overweight 0.784 2.191(2.038~2.355) < 0.001 0.849 2.338(2.179~2.509) < 0.001 0.731 2.076(1.937~2.226) < 0.001 肥胖Obesity 1.352 3.984(3.566~4.186) < 0.001 1.351 3.861(3.565~4.181) < 0.001 1.323 3.753(3.486~4.040) < 0.001
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