Research progress and implications of population medicine and global health
DAI Zhenwei and YANG Yue contributed equally to this article
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摘要: 全球健康是致力于改善全人类的健康水平，实现全球人人公平享有健康的一个跨学科、兼具研究和实践的新兴领域，主要为解决全球卫生资源分配不公平的问题，优先关注疾病负担指标。但是，以全球健康政治现实为导向的全球健康方案并不能完全解决包括健康不公平、资源浪费、医防割裂等客观问题，因此可以考虑以医学解决方案为导向的群医学理念来弥补全球健康领域的不足。但是，目前国内尚未形成群医学和全球健康两种理念有机结合的体系，本文对群医学及全球健康的研究进展及在初级卫生保健、慢性病、传染病、精神卫生领域中的应用情况进行了综述，供中国相关领域学者用以参考和借鉴，形成群医学及全球健康交叉领域的研究体系。政府应加大对群医学及全球健康研究的扶持和投入，形成群医学及全球健康研究合作网络，同时加强医学院与政治、外交、社会科学、经济、法律等社会科学院校和机构的交流与合作，从而深化中国群医学及全球健康领域的研究。Abstract: Global health is an emerging interdisciplinary field that combines research and practice dedicated to improving human health and achieving equitable health for all, maximizing health gains of various actors. It focuses on solving the problem of inequitable distribution of global health resources and gives priority to indicators of disease burden. However, global-health-polcies-oriented proposals cannot fully address existing problems including health inequalities, waste of resources, separation of medical treatment and prevention, etc. Therefore, we can draw on the solution-oriented concept of population medicine (to make up for the deficiencies) in the field of global health. At present, however, there is no organic integrative study on population medicine and global health in China. This review summarizes and discusses the research progress in population medicine and global health, and its application in the field of primary health care, noncommunicable diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health. Researchers can refer to results of this review to develop research systems for interdisciplinary areas in population medicine and global health.The government should increase its support and investment in population medicine and global health research, establish collaborative research networks between population medicine and global health, and strengthen the exchanges and cooperation between medical schools and institutions, such as schools and institutes of politics, diplomacy, social science, economy and law, so as to deepen the research of population medicine and global health in China.
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Key words:
- Population medicine /
- Global health /
- Literature review /
- Research progress
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表 1 群医学和全球健康在初级卫生保健、慢性病管理、传染病防控、精神卫生领域的理念差异
Table 1. Philosophical differences between population medicine and global health in the fields of primary health care, chronic disease management, infectious disease prevention and control, and mental health
分类Classify 群医学Population medicine 全球健康Global health 初级卫生保健
Primary health care关注在疾病预防和治疗上的成本效益问题
Focus on cost-effectiveness in disease prevention and treatment关注国家内部以及国家之间不同人群健康不平等问题
Focus on inequalities in the health of different populations within and between countries慢性病管理
Chronic disease management关注人的健康进程，强调社区层面人群生活方式干预和动员，将慢性病管理常态化
Focus on the human health process, emphasizing community-level population lifestyle interventions and mobilization to normalize chronic disease management强调全球协作，促进地区、国家间针对慢性病的防治达成经验共享、成果共享的共识，形成国家间慢性病防控网络
Emphasizing global collaboration, promoting consensus among regions and countries to share experiences and results in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, and forming an inter-country network for the prevention and control of chronic diseases传染病防控
Infectious disease prevention and control对传染性疾病进行有效预防、诊断、控制、治疗及康复
Effective prevention, diagnosis, control, treatment and rehabilitation of infectious diseases强调药物可及，推动全球公平获得针对传统和新发传染性疾病的有效、可及的疫苗、药物、临床诊断及治疗
Emphasizing access to medicines and promoting equitable global access to effective and accessible vaccines, medicines, clinical diagnostics and treatments for traditional and emerging infectious diseases精神卫生
Mental health结合神经科学、基因组学、社会科学、流行病学、实施科学等多学科，通过预防、诊断、治疗和护理精神障碍来减轻患者及人群的精神痛苦
Combining multiple disciplines such as neuroscience, genomics, social science, epidemiology, and implementation science to alleviate the mental suffering of patients and populations by preventing, diagnosing, treating, and caring for people with mental disorders优先考虑公平，致力于促进和维持全球个人和社群的精神健康
Prioritizing equity and work to promote and sustain the mental health of individuals and communities globally
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