2016—2022年石家庄市农田土壤镉污染变化及潜在生态风险评价

武瑞婷; 陈凤格; 范尉尉; 张荣; 牛玉杰

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.04.009

2016—2022年石家庄市农田土壤镉污染变化及潜在生态风险评价

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.04.009

武瑞婷^{1, 2, 3},
陈凤格^{3, 4},
范尉尉^{3, 4},
张荣^{1, 2},
牛玉杰^{1, 2, ,}

1.
河北医科大学公共卫生学院，石家庄 050017
2.
河北省环境与人群健康重点实验室，石家庄 050017
3.
石家庄市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测与评价所，石家庄 050011
4.
中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康研究基地，石家庄 050011

基金项目:

河北省自然科学基金 B2020106002

详细信息

通讯作者:
牛玉杰，E-mail：yjniu@hebmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R124
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- 文章访问数: 62
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- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-20
- 修回日期: 2024-01-05
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-10

Pollution change and health risk assessment of cadmium in farmland soil in Shijiazhuang from 2016 to 2022

WU Ruiting^{1, 2, 3},
CHEN Fengge^{3, 4},
FAN Weiwei^{3, 4},
ZHANG Rong^{1, 2},
NIU Yujie^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
2.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
3.
Public Health Monitoring and Evaluation Institute, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
4.
Environment and Health Research Base, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050011, China

Funds:

Hebei Province Natural Science Funding B2020106002

More Information

Corresponding author: NIU Yujie, E-mail: yjniu@hebmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解石家庄市2016—2022年农田土壤镉污染情况，评估对人群健康的潜在风险，评价《河北省农村人居环境整治“三年行动”实施方案(2018—2020年)》(“三年行动”)的实施对镉污染的改善效果。方法选择石家庄6个项目县，每个县每年采集20份样本，并统一于每年7—8月在各县监测点处采样，采用标准限值对土壤中镉进行评价，同时采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其进行评估。结果共采集农田土壤840份，其中在2016年和2017年镉含量均值较大，主要集中在正定县和赞皇县；在“三年行动”后石家庄市平均镉污染水平总体有所降低。其中正定县、赞皇县、栾城区、藁城区和鹿泉区在实施后镉含量降低，无极县在“三年行动”后镉含量上升。结论石家庄市农田土壤中镉污染水平在“三年行动”后下降，表明该项目实施对降低土壤镉风险有一定效果，但仍需加强对土壤中镉污染的调查与监测，从而对潜在风险及时作出应对政策。
- 农田土壤 /
- 镉 /
- 潜在生态风险
Abstract: Objective This study aims to clarify the situation of cadmium pollution in the agricultural soil of Shijiazhuang City from 2016-2022, evaluate potential health risks to the population, and assess the effectiveness of "the three-year initiative" in reducing cadmium pollution. Methods In six selected project counties, 20 soil samples were collected annually from each county. Samples were collected from monitoring points in each county annually between July-August. Cadmium levels in the soil were evaluated using standard limits. Additionally, the study used the geo-accumulation index method, and potential ecological risk index method to assess the situation. Results A total of 840 soil samples were collected. In 2016 and 2017, cadmium levels were relatively high, primarily concentrated in Zhengding County and Zanhuang County. After "the three-year initiative", there was a decrease in the average cadmium pollution level in Shijiazhuang City. Specifically, and cadmium levels decreased in Zhengding County, Zanhuang County, Luancheng County, Gaocheng County, and Luquan County after implementation. However, Wuji County saw a slight increase in cadmium levels. Conclusions The level of cadmium pollution in agricultural soil in Shijiazhuang City significantly decreased after the implementation of "the three-year initiative". This indicates that "the three-year initiative" had a certain effect in reducing soil cadmium risk. However, there is still a need to strengthen the investigation and monitoring of cadmium pollution in the soil to formulate timely policies to address potential risks.
- Farmland soil /
- Cadmium /
- Potential ecological risks

HTML全文

图 1 2016—2022年各项目县地累积指数结果

Figure 1. The results of cumulative index for each project counties, 2016-2022

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图 2 2016—2022年各项目县潜在生态风险指数结果

Figure 2. Potential ecological risk index for each project counties, 2016-2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 土壤重金属污染等级划分标准

Table 1. Classification standards for soil heavy metal pollution

地累积指数(I_geo) Index of geoaccumulation (I_geo)
I_geo	风险等级 Pollution levels
I_geo＜0	无污染 No pollution
0≤I_geo＜1	轻污染 Light pollution
1≤I_geo＜2	中污染 Medium pollution
2≤I_geo＜3	中-重污染 Medium-Heavy pollution
3≤I_geo＜4	重污染 Heavy pollution
4≤I_geo＜5	重-极重污染 Heavy-Seriously polluted
I_geo≥5	极重污染 Seriously polluted

潜在生态风险评价(E) Potential ecological risk index (E)
E	级别 Level	风险等级 Risk levels
E＜40	1	轻微风险 Minor risk
40≤E＜80	2	中等风险 Medium risk
80≤E＜160	3	强风险 Strong risk
160≤E＜320	4	很强风险 Very risky
E≥320	5	极强风险 Extremely risky

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表 2 2016—2022年石家庄农村土壤镉含量的描述性统计

Table 2. Descriptive statistics of cadmium content in rural soils in Shijiazhuang, 2016-2022

年份 Year	最小值/(mg·kg^-1) Minimum/(mg·kg^-1)	最大值/(mg·kg^-1) Maximum/(mg·kg^-1)	平均值/(mg·kg^-1) Average/(mg·kg^-1)	中位数/(mg·kg^-1) Median/(mg·kg^-1)	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation/%	Mann-Kendall value
2016	0.005	0.990	0.213	0.130	1.563	2.333	0.184	86.3	Z=-0.300
2017	0.010	0.570	0.239	0.220	0.684	0.336	0.108	45.0	P=0.764
2018	0.040	0.440	0.140	0.119	1.520	2.978	0.069	49.5
2019	0.006	0.460	0.155	0.140	1.019	0.864	0.089	57.7
2020	0.010	0.510	0.129	0.106	1.256	2.179	0.090	69.6
2021	0.010	0.430	0.170	0.170	0.762	0.994	0.082	48.1
2022	0.007	0.780	0.198	0.189	1.970	9.669	0.098	49.6

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表 3 2016—2022年各项目县土壤中镉含量的描述性统计

Table 3. Descriptive statistics of cadmium content in soil of project counties, 2016-2022

统计值 Statistic	正定县 Zhengding County	栾城区 Luancheng County	赞皇县 Zanhuang County	无极县 Wuji County	藁城区 Gaocheng County	鹿泉区 Luquan County
最小值/(mg·kg^-1) Minimum/(mg·kg^-1)	0.030	0.065	0.040	0.088	0.065	0.005
最大值/(mg·kg^-1) Maximum/(mg·kg^-1)	0.990	0.140	0.630	0.151	0.152	0.730
平均值/(mg·kg^-1) Average/(mg·kg^-1)	0.372	0.107	0.376	0.118	0.118	0.189
中位数/(mg·kg^-1) Median/(mg·kg^-1)	0.330	0.109	0.415	0.118	0.122	0.115
Z值 value	-0.300	0.300	-1.202	2.403	-0.300	-1.202
P值 value	0.764	0.764	0.230	0.016	0.764	0.230

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表 4 “三年行动”前后各项目县镉含量的比较

Table 4. Comparison of cadmium levels in project counties before and after "the three-year initiative"

项目县(实施前后) Project county (Before and after implementation)	最小值/(mg·kg^-1) Minimum/(mg·kg^-1)	最大值/(mg·kg^-1) Maximum/(mg·kg^-1)	平均值/(mg·kg^-1) Average/(mg·kg^-1)	中位数/(mg·kg^-1) Median/(mg·kg^-1)	标准差 Standard deviation	t值 value	P值 value
正定县 Zhengding County						1.535	0.132
实施前 Before implementation	0.030	0.990	0.298	0.220	0.196
实施后 After implementation	0.100	0.510	0.249	0.240	0.076
栾城区 Luancheng County						1.653	0.101
实施前 Before implementation	0.065	0.570	0.195	0.155	0.105
实施后 After implementation	0.030	0.451	0.163	0.143	0.100
赞皇县 Zanhuang County						8.946	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	0.040	0.630	0.358	0.350	0.123
实施后 After implementation	0.060	0.370	0.174	0.180	0.059
无极县 Wuji County						-2.294	0.024
实施前 Before implementation	0.088	0.151	0.122	0.123	0.017
实施后 After implementation	0.006	0.780	0.144	0.130	0.090
藁城区 Gaocheng County						4.683	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	0.065	0.335	0.149	0.137	0.058
实施后 After implementation	0.033	0.220	0.102	0.085	0.051
鹿泉区 Luquan County						4.173	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	0.005	0.730	0.235	0.240	0.169
实施后 After implementation	0.007	0.420	0.119	0.120	0.068
合计 Total						6.500	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	0.005	0.990	0.226	0.180	0.151
实施后 After implementation	0.006	0.780	0.158	0.140	0.090

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表 5 “三年行动”前后各项目县地累积指数的比较

Table 5. Comparison of the land accumulation index by project counties before and after "the three-year initiative"

项目县(实施前后) Project county (Before and after implementation)	无污染 No pollution	轻污染 Light pollution	中污染 Medium pollution	中-重污染 Medium-heavy pollution	Z值 value	P值 value
正定县 Zhengding County					-0.887	0.375
实施前 Before implementation	4	19	13	4
实施后 After implementation	4	63	33	0
栾城区 Luancheng County					-0.879	0.380
实施前 Before implementation	17	12	10	1
实施后 After implementation	45	39	16	0
赞皇县 Zanhuang County					-8.051	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	2	4	32	2
实施后 After implementation	24	71	5	0
无极县 Wuji county					-1.663	0.096
实施前 Before implementation	30	10	0	0
实施后 After implementation	61	35	3	1
藁城区 Gaocheng County					-3.696	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	19	18	3	0
实施后 After implementation	78	22	0	0
鹿泉区 Luquan County					-4.780	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	13	10	14	3
实施后After implementation	66	31	3	0

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表 6 “三年行动”前后各项目县潜在生态风险的比较

Table 6. Comparison of potential ecological risks in project counties before and after "the three-year initiative"

项目县(实施前后) Project county (Before and after implementation)	轻微风险 Minor risk	中等风险 Medium risk	强风险 Strong risk	很强风险 Very risky	极强风险 Extremely risky	Z值 value	P值 value
正定县 Zhengding County						-0.288	0.774
实施前 Before implementation	4	18	10	7	1
实施后 Afterimplementation	2	43	54	1	0
栾城区 Luancheng County						-2.073	0.038
实施前 Before implementation	12	12	15	1	0
实施后 Afterimplementation	41	39	20	0	0
赞皇县 Zanhuang County						-7.490	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	2	3	27	8	0
实施后 Afterimplementation	16	70	14	0	0
无极县 Wuji County						-0.401	0.688
实施前 Before implementation	18	22	0	0	0
实施后 Afterimplementation	45	48	6	1	0
藁城区 Gaocheng County						-4.878	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	12	25	3	0	0
实施后 Afterimplementation	73	27	0	0	0
鹿泉区 Luquan County						-4.293	＜0.001
实施前 Before implementation	12	7	17	4	0
实施后 Afterimplementation	47	50	3	0	0

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