2015—2021年石家庄市0~14岁儿童伤害病例流行病学特征及变化趋势分析

陈琪薇; 马新颜; 张青剑; 段宇帆

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.04.011

2015—2021年石家庄市0~14岁儿童伤害病例流行病学特征及变化趋势分析

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.04.011

陈琪薇^{1, 2},
马新颜^{1, 2, ,},
张青剑²,
段宇帆²

1.
河北医科大学公共卫生学院，石家庄 050000
2.
石家庄市疾病预防控制中心慢性病防治科，石家庄 050000

基金项目:

石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划项目 191461253

详细信息

通讯作者:
马新颜，E-mail：xinyanmacn@hotmail.com

中图分类号: R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-19
- 修回日期: 2023-08-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-10

Epidemiological characteristics and trend analysis of injured children aged 0-14 years in Shijiazhuang city, 2015-2021

CHEN Qiwei^{1, 2},
MA Xinyan^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHANG Qingjian²,
DUAN Yufan²

1.
School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
2.
Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

Funds:

Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Research and Development Program 191461253

More Information

Corresponding author: MA Xinyan, E-mail: xinyanmacn@hotmail.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解石家庄市2015—2021年0~14岁儿童伤害流行病学特征及变化趋势，为儿童伤害防控提供科学依据。方法收集2015—2021年石家庄市因伤害在监测医院就诊的0~14岁儿童伤害病例信息并进行流行病学特征分析和伤害变化趋势分析。结果 2015—2021年共诊治0~14岁儿童22 302例，男女性别比为1.89∶1.00。除0~＜1岁年龄组，男童病例数均多于女童。儿童伤害主要以跌倒/坠落(59.77%)、地点为家中(47.58%)、休闲活动(59.67%)、非故意伤害(96.92%)为主；伤害发生时间以9月最多(10.60%)，2月最少(4.81%)。受伤部位以头部(40.25%)、上肢(22.76%)、下肢(19.07%)为主，挫伤/擦伤最多见(42.75%)，损伤程度以轻度(89.13%)为主，结局以处理后离院为主(94.12%)。Joinpoint回归分析显示，2015—2021年1~＜4岁儿童伤害病例构成比呈下降趋势，7~＜11岁儿童和11~14岁儿童呈上升趋势，动物伤和中毒伤害病例构成比呈下降趋势，伤害发生在体育运动场所的构成比呈上升趋势，伤害发生在步行时的构成比呈下降趋势，年度变化趋势差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。结论不同性别、年龄的儿童伤害流行病学特征不全相同，伤害的变化趋势不同，应针对性采取预防干预措施。
- 儿童 /
- 创伤和损伤 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 变化趋势
Abstract: Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and variation tendency of injury among children aged 0-14 in Shijiazhuang city from 2015 to 2021, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of child injury. Methods To collect the information of injury cases of children aged 0-14 who were admitted to the monitoring hospital in Shijiazhuang from 2015 to 2021, and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the trend of injury change. Results A total of 22 302 child >injury cases aged 0-14 were reported, with the male and female ratio appeared as 1.89∶1.00. Except for the 0-<1-year-old group, the number of cases in boys was higher than that in girls. The main injuries among children were falling/falling (59.77%), at home (47.58%), leisure activities (59.67%) and unintentional injuries (96.92%). The most injuries occurred in September (10.60%) and the least in February (4.81%). The most vulnerable parts of children were the head (40.25%), upper limbs (22.76%) and lower limbs (19.07%), 42.75% cases were bruise. The degree of injury was mild (89.13%) and the outcome was mainly post-treatment hospitalization (94.12%). Joinpoint regression showed that the constituent ratio of injury cases among children aged 1-<4 showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2021, while those aged 7-<11 and 11-14 showed an upward trend. Animal injuries and poisoning injuries showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2021. Sports venues showed an upward trend and walking injuries showed a downward trend, with statistical significance in each year (All P<0.05). Conclusions The epidemiological characteristics of injury in children of different gender and age are not all the same, and the change trend of injury is different. Therefore, targeted prevention and intervention measures should be taken.
- Child /
- Wounds and injuries /
- Epidemiological studies /
- Change trend

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图 1 2015—2021年石家庄市0~14岁儿童总伤害病例和跌倒/坠落病例发生时间分布

Figure 1. Time distribution of total injury cases and falls among children aged 0-14 in Shijiazhuang from 2015 to 2021

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图 2 2015—2021年石家庄市0~14岁儿童伤害病例年龄构成的Joinpoint回归模型分析

APC：年变化百分比；a：P＜0.05。

Figure 2. Joinpoint regression model analysis of age composition of injury cases among children aged 0-14 in Shijiazhuang from 2015 to 2021

APC: annual percentage rate change; a: P<0.05.

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表 1 2015—2021年石家庄市0~14岁儿童年龄组分布与男女性别比

Table 1. Gender ratio and age group distribution of children aged 0-14 years in Shijiazhuang from 2015 to 2021

年龄组/岁 Age group/years	人数(占比/%) Number of people (proportion/%)		性别比 Gender ratio	合计(占比/%) Total(proportion/%)
年龄组/岁 Age group/years	男 Male	女 Female	性别比 Gender ratio	合计(占比/%) Total(proportion/%)
0~＜1	55(47.41)	61(52.59)	0.90∶1.00	116(0.52)
1~＜4	3 495(59.66)	2 363(40.34)	1.48∶1.00	5 858(26.27)
4~＜7	3 381(63.53)	1 941(36.47)	1.74∶1.00	5 322(23.86)
7~＜11	4 149(67.28)	2 018(32.72)	2.06∶1.00	6 167(27.65)
11~14	4 398(72.29)	1 341(27.71)	2.61∶1.00	4 839(21.70)
合计 Total	14 578(65.37)	7 724(34.63)	1.89∶1.00	22 302(100.00)

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表 2 2015—2021年石家庄市0~14岁儿童伤害发生原因年度分布

Table 2. Annual distribution of causes of injuries among children aged 0-14 in Shijiazhuang from 2015 to 2021

伤害发生原因 Cause of injury	2015年^① year ^①	2016年^① year ^①	2017年^① year ^①	2018年^① year ^①	2019年^① year ^①	2020年 ^① year ^①	2021年^① year ^①	合计 ^① Total ^①
跌倒/坠落Fall	487(49.19)	1 376(54.52)	1 952(59.19)	2 202(60.95)	2 590(61.27)	2 262(67.02)	2 460(57.54)	13 329(59.77)
钝器伤Blunt force injury	92(9.29)	254(10.06)	430(13.04)	393(10.88)	469(11.10)	381(11.29)	595(13.92)	2 614(11.72)
刀/锐器伤Sharp instrumental injury	72(7.27)	119(4.71)	248(7.52)	307(8.50)	281(6.64)	223(6.61)	325(7.60)	1 575(7.06)
非机动车车祸Non-motor vehicle accident	62(6.27)	144(5.71)	163(4.95)	161(4.46)	196(4.64)	215(6.37)	239(5.59)	1 180(5.29)
机动车车祸Motor vehicle accident	110(11.11)	146(5.78)	161(4.88)	154(4.26)	163(3.86)	145(4.30)	272(6.36)	1 151(5.16)
动物伤Animal injury	89(8.99)	74(2.93)	29(0.88)	102(2.82)	43(1.02)	19(0.56)	14(0.33)	370(1.66)
烧烫伤Burn and scald	12(1.21)	13(0.52)	15(0.45)	12(0.33)	19(0.45)	12(0.35)	16(0.38)	99(0.44)
中毒Toxicosis	11(1.11)	13(0.52)	7(0.21)	4(0.11)	13(0.31)	8(0.24)	5(0.12)	61(0.27)
窒息/悬吊Asphyxiation/Suspension	1(0.10)	3(0.12)	3(0.09)	1(0.03)	1(0.02)	0(0)	5(0.12)	14(0.06)
火器伤Firearm injury	1(0.10)	0(0)	5(0.15)	1(0.03)	0(0)	5(0.15)	1(0.02)	13(0.06)
溺水Drowning	0(0)	2(0.08)	0(0)	1(0.03)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	3(0.02)
性侵犯Sexual assault	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	1(0.03)	0(0)	1(0.03)	0(0)	2(0.01)
其他/不清楚Other	53(5.36)	380(15.05)	285(8.64)	273(7.57)	452(10.69)	104(3.08)	343(8.02)	1 891(8.48)
合计Total	990(4.44)	2 524(11.32)	3 298(14.79)	3 613(16.20)	4 227(18.95)	3 372(15.13)	4 275(19.17)	22 302(100.00)
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%).

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表 3 2015—2021年石家庄市0~14岁儿童伤害基本情况的性别、年龄分布

Table 3. Gender and age distribution of injuries among children aged 0-14 in Shijiazhuang from 2015 to 2021

变量 Variable	性别 ^① Gender ^①			年龄组/岁 ^① Age group/years ^①					合计 ^① Total ^①
变量 Variable	男 Male	女 Female		0~＜1	1~＜4	4~＜7	7~＜11	11~14	合计 ^① Total ^①
伤害发生原因 Cause of injury
跌倒/坠落 Fall	8 795(60.33)	4 534(58.70)		75(64.66)	3 737(63.80)	3 419(64.24)	3 544(57.47)	2 554(52.78)	13 329(59.77)
钝器伤 Blunt force injury	1 869(12.82)	745(9.65)		15(12.93)	512(8.74)	530(9.96)	786(12.74)	771(15.93)	2 614(11.72)
刀/锐器伤 Sharp instrumental injury	1 056(7.24)	519(6.72)		3(2.59)	307(5.24)	323(6.07)	558(9.05)	384(7.94)	1 575(7.06)
非机动车车祸 Non-motor vehicle accident	725(4.97)	455(5.89)		2(1.72)	251(4.28)	264(4.96)	319(5.17)	344(7.11)	1 180(5.29)
机动车车祸 Motor vehicle accident	651(4.47)	500(6.48)		13(11.21)	191(3.26)	274(5.15)	358(5.80)	315(6.51)	1 151(5.16)
动物伤 Animal injury	223(1.53)	147(1.90)		1(0.86)	88(1.50)	88(1.65)	124(2.01)	69(1.43)	370(1.66)
烧烫伤 Burn and scald	60(0.41)	39(0.50)		2(1.72)	46(0.79)	19(0.36)	17(0.28)	15(0.31)	99(0.44)
中毒 Toxicosis	24(0.17)	37(0.48)		0(0)	12(0.20)	6(0.11)	10(0.16)	33(0.68)	61(0.27)
窒息/悬吊 Asphyxiation/Suspension	6(0.04)	8(0.10)		1(0.86)	9(0.15)	3(0.06)	1(0.02)	0(0)	14(0.06)
火器伤 Firearm injury	9(0.06)	4(0.05)		0(0)	3(0.05)	1(0.02)	5(0.08)	4(0.08)	13(0.06)
溺水 Drowning	3(0.02)	0(0)		0(0)	2(0.04)	0(0)	1(0.02)	0(0)	3(0.02)
性侵犯 Sexual assault	1(0.01)	1(0.01)		0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	1(0.02)	1(0.02)	2(0.01)
其他/不清楚 Other	1 156(7.93)	735(9.52)		4(3.45)	700(11.95)	395(7.42)	443(7.18)	349(7.21)	1 891(8.48)
伤害发生地点 Location
家中 At home	6 625(45.45)	3 986(51.61)		91(78.45)	4 348(74.22)	2 866(53.85)	2 196(35.61)	1 110(22.94)	10 611(47.58)
学校与公共场所 Schools and public places	3 681(25.25)	1 335(17.28)		1(0.86)	256(4.37)	782(14.70)	2 196(35.61)	2 028(41.91)	5 016(22.49)
公路/街道 Highway/Street	2 524(17.31)	1 562(20.22)		21(18.11)	751(12.82)	973(18.28)	1 241(20.12)	1 100(22.73)	4 086(18.32)
公共居住场所 Public residential place	989(6.78)	512(6.63)		2(1.72)	357(6.09)	452(8.49)	444(7.20)	246(5.08)	1 501(6.73)
体育和运动场所 Sports venues	385(2.64)	147(1.90)		1(0.86)	40(0.68)	94(1.77)	175(2.84)	222(4.60)	532(2.39)
贸易和服务场所 Trade and service places	118(0.81)	60(0.78)		0(0)	39(0.67)	55(1.03)	52(0.84)	32(0.66)	178(0.80)
工业和建筑场所 Industrial and construction sites	27(0.19)	17(0.22)		0(0)	4(0.07)	6(0.11)	15(0.24)	19(0.39)	44(0.20)
农场/农田 Farm/Farmland	17(0.12)	4(0.05)		0(0)	3(0.05)	7(0.13)	8(0.13)	3(0.06)	21(0.09)
其他/不清楚 Other/Unknown	212(1.45)	101(1.31)		0(0)	60(1.03)	87(1.64)	87(1.41)	79(1.63)	313(1.40)
伤害发生时活动 Activity
休闲活动 Leisure activities	8 778(60.21)	4 530(58.65)		76(65.52)	3 948(67.40)	3 564(66.97)	3 439(55.76)	2 281(47.14)	13 308(59.67)
生命活动 Life activities	1 507(10.34)	977(12.65)		19(16.38)	854(14.58)	598(11.24)	589(9.55)	424(8.76)	2 484(11.14)
驾乘交通工具 Ride a vehicle	1 142(7.83)	791(10.24)		15(12.93)	378(6.45)	407(7.65)	554(8.98)	579(11.97)	1 933(8.67)
体育活动 Sports activities	1 200(8.23)	415(5.37)		2(1.72)	57(0.97)	174(3.27)	613(9.94)	769(15.89)	1 615(7.24)
步行 Walk	761(5.22)	397(5.14)		1(0.86)	291(4.97)	249(4.68)	357(5.79)	260(5.37)	1 158(5.19)
学习 Study	444(3.05)	203(2.63)		0(0)	16(0.27)	69(1.29)	305(4.95)	257(5.31)	647(2.90)
伤害发生时活动 Activity
家务 Housework	191(1.31)	100(1.29)		0(0)	60(1.03)	56(1.05)	84(1.36)	91(1.88)	2 919(1.30)
工作 Work	20(0.14)	10(0.13)		0(0)	9(0.15)	7(0.13)	4(0.07)	10(0.21)	30(0.14)
其他/不清楚 Other/Unknown	535(3.67)	301(3.90)		3(2.59)	245(4.18)	198(3.72)	222(3.60)	168(3.47)	836(3.75)
伤害意图 Intention
非故意伤害 Unintentional injury	14 031(96.25)	7 585(98.20)		116(100)	5 826(99.45)	5 254(98.72)	5 954(96.55)	4 466(92.29)	21 616(96.92)
故意伤害 Intentional injury	473(3.24)	93(1.20)		0(0)	15(0.26)	40(0.75)	179(2.90)	322(6.65)	566(2.54)
自残/自杀 Self-mutilation/Suicide	11(0.08)	13(0.17)		0(0)	1(0.02)	1(0.02)	2(0.03)	20(0.42)	24(0.11)
其他/不清楚 Other/Unknown	63(0.43)	33(0.43)		0(0)	16(0.27)	27(0.51)	32(0.52)	21(0.44)	96(0.43)
部位 Injury part
头部 Haed	6 078(41.69)	2 898(37.52)		77(66.38)	2 803(47.85)	2 539(47.71)	2 290(37.13)	1 267(26.18)	8 976(40.25)
上肢 Upper limbs	3 281(22.51)	1 794(23.23)		23(19.83)	1 264(21.58)	1 058(19.88)	1 399(22.69)	1 331(27.51)	5 075(22.76)
下肢 Lower limbs	2 663(18.27)	1 591(20.60)		5(4.31)	635(10.84)	791(14.86)	1 420(22.73)	1 403(28.99)	4 254(19.07)
躯干 Trunk cadre	719(4.93)	369(4.77)		6(5.17)	149(2.54)	213(4.00)	359(5.82)	361(7.46)	1 088(4.88)
多部位 Multiple parts	227(1.56)	145(1.88)		2(1.72)	66(1.13)	68(1.28)	109(1.77)	127(2.63)	372(1.67)
全身广泛受伤 General extensive injury	16(0.11)	14(0.18)		0(0)	9(0.15)	4(0.08)	3(0.05)	14(0.29)	30(0.13)
其他/不清楚 Other/Unknown	1 594(10.93)	913(11.82)		3(2.59)	932(15.91)	649(12.19)	587(9.51)	336(6.94)	2 507(11.24)
性质 Nature
挫伤/擦伤 Bruising/Abrasions	6 212(42.61)	3 323(43.02)		66(56.90)	2 483(42.39)	2 284(42.92)	2 616(42.42)	2 086(43.11)	9 535(42.75)
锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤 Sharp instrumental injury/Bite/Open injury	4 132(28.34)	1 874(24.26)		15(12.93)	1 729(29.52)	1 643(30.87)	1 669(27.06)	950(19.63)	6 006(26.93)
扭伤/拉伤 Sprain/Strain	1 483(10.17)	936(12.12)		9(7.76)	525(8.96)	422(7.93)	658(10.67)	805(16.64)	2 419(10.85)
骨折 Fracture	1 265(8.68)	659(8.53)		3(2.59)	324(5.53)	422(7.93)	577(9.36)	598(12.36)	1 924(8.63)
脑震荡/脑挫裂伤 Concussion/Contusion	560(3.84)	291(3.77)		16(13.79)	230(3.93)	229(4.30)	219(3.55)	157(3.24)	851(3.82)
内脏器官伤 Internal organ injury	116(0.80)	75(0.97)		1(0.86)	53(0.90)	35(0.66)	62(1.01)	40(0.83)	191(0.85)
烧烫伤 Burn and scald	56(0.39)	40(0.52)		2(1.72)	45(0.77)	20(0.38)	15(0.24)	14(0.29)	96(0.43)
其他/不清楚 Other/Unknown	754(5.17)	526(6.81)		4(3.45)	469(8.00)	267(5.01)	351(5.69)	189(3.90)	1 280(5.74)
严重程度 Degree of injury
轻度 Mild	12 979(89.03)	6 899(89.31)		103(88.79)	5 342(91.19)	4 739(89.05)	5 437(88.16)	4 257(87.97)	19 878(89.13)
中度 Moderate	1 538(10.55)	779(10.09)		12(10.35)	492(8.40)	562(10.56)	700(11.35)	551(11.39)	2 317(10.39)
重度 Serious	61(0.42)	46(0.60)		1(0.86)	24(0.41)	21(0.39)	30(0.49)	31(0.64)	107(0.48)
结局 Outcome
处理后离院 Leave the hospital after treatment	13 730(94.18)	7 260(93.99)		104(89.66)	5 605(95.68)	5 022(94.36)	5 784(93.79)	4 475(92.48)	20 990(94.12)
住院 Hospitalization	400(2.74)	239(3.10)		5(4.31)	98(1.67)	136(2.56)	182(2.95)	218(4.51)	639(2.86)
转院 Transfer	234(1.61)	127(1.65)	5(4.31)	89(1.52)	92(1.73)	116(1.88)	59(1.22)	361(1.62)
留观 Observation	186(1.28)	86(1.11)	1(0.86)	54(0.92)	64(1.20)	80(1.30)	73(1.51)	272(1.22)
死亡 Death	7(0.05)	4(0.05)	0(0)	4(0.07)	2(0.04)	1(0.01)	4(0.08)	11(0.05)
其他 Other	21(0.14)	8(0.10)	1(0.86)	8(0.14)	6(0.11)	4(0.07)	10(0.20)	29(0.13)
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%).

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参考文献(29)

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