Study on the relationship between number of exercise steps and central obesity among elderly residents in Shanxi Province
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摘要:
目的 了解山西省老年人向心性肥胖现状，其运动步数与向心性肥胖的关系。 方法 于2022年对山西省常住居民开展慢性病及其危险因素调查，采用多阶段分层随机抽样抽取4 710名常住老年居民(≥60岁)作为调查对象，使用χ2检验分析向心性肥胖的影响因素。应用logistic回归模型分析运动步数与向心性肥胖之间的关系。 结果 老年人的肥胖率和向心性肥胖率分别为17.7%和41.3%，每日运动步数是向心性肥胖的影响因素(P=0.004)。通过对不同年龄组的分析，在排除混杂因素影响后，以运动步数≤3 000步组作为对照，60~＜70岁年龄组中，3 000~＜6 000步组、6 000~＜10 000步组和≥10 000步组老年人的向心性肥胖患病率分别降低了32.7%、43.8%和33.9%(OR=0.673, 95% CI: 0.545~0.832, P＜0.001; OR=0.562, 95% CI: 0.449~0.703, P＜0.001; OR=0.661, 95% CI: 0.497~0.878, P=0.004)。70~＜80岁年龄组中，≥10 000步组老年人向心性肥胖患病率降低了44.6%(OR=0.554, 95% CI: 0.343~0.895, P＜0.001)，其他组别差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。 结论 运动步数对降低不同年龄阶段老年人向心性肥胖率的影响各不相同，应针对性地采取干预措施：鼓励低龄老年人(60~＜70岁)每天保持6 000~＜10 000步的运动量，中龄(70~＜80岁)和高龄(≥80岁)老年人应该在自身身体状况能够承受运动的强度和频率下合理控制运动步数，以提高自身的身体健康水平并预防向心性肥胖。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status of central obesity among elderly residents in Shanxi Province and explore the association between number of exercise steps and central obesity. Methods In 2022, a survey on chronic diseases and their risk factors was conducted among permanent residents of Shanxi Province using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. A total of 4 710 resident elderly residents (60 years old and above) were selected as the respondents. The χ2 test was used to analyze the influencing factors of central obesity and logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between number of exercise steps and central obesity. Results The results showed that the prevalence rates of obesity and central obesity were 17.7% and 41.3%, respectively. Number of exercise steps was identified as a impact factor affecting central obesity (P=0.004). Through the analysis of different age groups, after excluding the influence of confounding factors, the exercise step number ≤3 000 group was taken as the comparison group. The prevalence of central obesity decreased by 32.7%, 43.8% and 33.9% in the 60- < 70 age group in the 3 000-6 000 steps group, 6 000-10 000 steps group, and 10 000 steps and above group, respectively (OR=0.673, 95% CI: 0.545-0.832, P < 0.001; OR=0.562, 95% CI: 0.449-0.703, P < 0.001; OR=0.661, 95% CI: 0.497-0.878, P=0.004). In the 70- < 80 age group, the prevalence of central obesity decreased by 44.6% in the above 10 000 steps group (OR=0.554, 95% CI: 0.343-0.895, P < 0.001), while there was no statistical significance in other groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The impact of number of exercise steps on reducing the prevalence of central obesity among elderly people varies by age groups. Targeted intervention measures should be taken. Encourage younger elderly individuals (aged 60- < 70) to maintain a daily number of exercise steps between 6 000 to 10 000. For middle-aged (aged 70- < 80) and older elderly individuals (aged 80 and above), the number of exercise steps should be reasonably controlled under the intensity and frequency of exercise that their physical condition can withstand, so as to improve their physical health level and prevent central obesity. -
Key words:
- Elderly /
- Exercise /
- Central obesity /
- Number of exercise steps
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表 1 山西省不同特征分组老年人的向心性肥胖情况
Table 1. The current situation of central obesity in the elderly with different characteristics in Shanxi Province
变量Variable 调查人数
Sample size不肥胖 ①
No central obesity ①向心性肥胖 ①
Central obesity ①χ2值
valueP值
value性别Gender 39.054 < 0.001 男Male 2 110 1 334(63.2) 766(36.8) 女Female 2 600 1 409(54.2) 1 191(45.8) 运动步数Number of exercise stepss 13.070 0.004 ≥10 000 534 344(63.1) 201(36.9) 6 000~＜1 0000 1 084 659(60.8) 425(39.2) 3 000~＜6 000 1 454 834(57.4) 607(42.6) ≤3 000 1 581 883(55.9) 698(44.1) 吸烟Smoking 18.820 0.001 仍在吸烟Continuously smoking 990 635(64.1) 355(35.9) 吸过，已戒Had quit smoking 429 252(58.7) 177(41.3) 从未吸过Have never smoked 3 291 1 856(56.4) 1 435(43.6) 居住地Residence 57.391 < 0.001 城镇Urban 2 040 1 061(52.0) 979(48.0) 农村Rural 2 670 1 682(63.0) 988(37.0) 年龄组/岁Age group/years 34.367 < 0.001 60~＜70 3 087 1 748(56.6) 1 339(43.4) 70~＜80 1 367 802(58.7) 565(41.3) ≥80 254 193(75.4) 63(24.6) 家庭平均可支配收入/元Average disposable income of households/yuan 19.552 < 0.001 ＜5 000 2 099 1 296(61.7) 803(38.3) 5 000~＜20 000 1 905 1 055(55.4) 850(44.6) 20 000~＜50 000 659 368(55.8) 291(44.2) ≥50 000 47 24(51.1) 23(48.9) 每周体力活动超过30 min的天数Number of days exercising for more than 30 minutes per week 0.502 0.778 ＜1 d 2 200 1 271(57.8) 929(42.2) 2~4 d 1 191 703(58.3) 488(41.7) ≥5 d 1 319 769(58.3) 550(41.7) 身体锻炼习惯Fitness routine 2.669 0.615 很少锻炼Rarely exercise 2 146 1 248(58.2) 898(41.8) 每月1~3次1-3 times per month 416 257(61.8) 159(38.2) 每周1次One time per week 219 124(56.6) 95(43.4) 每周2~3次2-3 times per week 797 457(57.3) 340(42.7) 每周4~7次4-7 times per week 1 132 657(58.2) 475(41.8) BMI 1 100.304 0.001 偏瘦/正常Underweight/Normal 1 941 1 683(86.7) 258(13.3) 超重/肥胖Overweight/Obese 2 769 1 060(38.3) 1 709(61.7) 慢性病Chronic disease 85.148 < 0.001 否No 1 680 1 128(67.1) 552(32.9) 是Yes 3 030 1 615(53.3) 1 415(46.7) 注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。
Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).
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表 2 山西省不同年龄段老年人运动步数与向心性肥胖的非条件logistic回归分析
Table 2. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis of the relationship between number of exercise steps and central obesity among elderly individuals in different age groups in Shanxi Province
指标
Indicator组别
Group模型1 Model 1 模型2 Model 2 OR值value
(95% CI)Wald χ2值
valueP值
valueOR值value
(95% CI)Wald χ2值
valueP值
value总体Total 运动步数Number of exercise steps ≤3 000 1.000 1.000 3 000~＜6 000 0.934(0.810~1.077) 0.875 0.105 0.803(0.680~0.950) 0.677 0.017 6 000~＜10 000 0.810(0.693~0.948) 6.948 0.001 0.677(0.563~0.814) 17.222 < 0.001 ≥10 000 0.734(0.601~0.896) 9.201 0.030 0.677(0.535~0.857) 10.536 0.019 60~＜70岁years 运动步数Number of exercise steps ≤3 000 1.000 1.000 3 000~＜6 000 0.741(0.618~0.888) 11.128 < 0.001 0.673(0.545~0.832) 13.479 < 0.001 6 000~＜10 000 0.645(0.532~0.781) 20.100 < 0.001 0.562(0.449~0.703) 25.332 < 0.001 ≥10 000 0.664(0.522~0.845) 10.556 0.014 0.661(0.497~0.878) 8.157 0.004 70~＜80岁years 运动步数Number of exercise steps ≤3 000 1.000 1.000 3 000~＜6 000 1.239(0.961~1.597) 2.729 0.164 1.042(0.771~1.410) 0.072 0.267 6 000~＜10 000 1.073(0.790~1.456) 0.202 0.147 0.933(0.647~1.346) 0.137 0.356 ≥10 000 0.642(0.427~0.964) 4.599 0.033 0.554(0.343~0.895) 5.820 < 0.001 ≥80岁years 运动步数Number of exercise steps ≤3 000 1.000 1.000 3 000~＜6 000 1.203(0.586~2.468) 0.254 0.545 0.642(0.341~1.943) 0.216 0.575 6 000~＜10 000 1.293(0.592~2.826) 0.415 0.786 0.993(0.377~2.616) ＜0.001 0.867 ≥10 000 1.203(0.510~3.523) 0.354 0.834 0.791(0.218~2.488) 0.244 0.778 注：模型1未调整相关因素；模型2调整性别、居住地、吸烟、BMI、可支配收入、是否患有慢性病等因素。
Note: Model 1 did not adjust for relevant factors; Model 2 adjusted for gender, residence, smoking, BMI, average disposable income of households, chronic disease and other factors.
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表 3 山西省不同性别老年人运动步数与向心性肥胖的非条件logistic回归分析模型
Table 3. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis model of the relationship between number of exercise steps and central obesity among elderly individuals of different genders in Shanxi Province
指标
Indicator组别
Group模型1 Model 1 模型2 Model 2 OR值value
(95% CI)Wald χ2值
valueP值
valueOR值value
(95% CI)Wald χ2值
valueP值
value男性Male 运动步数Number of exercise steps ≤3 000 1.000 1.000 3 000~＜6 000 0.978(0.779~1.228) 0.036 0.087 0.759(0.579~0.994) 4.021 0.013 6 000~＜10 000 1.053(0.833~1.330) 0.184 0.145 0.756(0.570~1.003) 3.773 0.078 ≥10 000 0.991(0.738~1.331) 0.004 0.465 0.813(0.571~1.156) 1.328 0.324 女性Female 运动步数Number of exercise steps ≤3 000 1.000 1.000 3 000~＜6 000 0.928(0.771~1.118) 0.614 0.188 0.805(0.626~0.970) 5.008 0.007 6 000~＜10 000 0.699(0.564~0.866) 10.734 < 0.001 0.566(0.440~0.728) 19.717 < 0.001 ≥10 000 0.608(0.462~0.800) 12.649 < 0.001 0.514(0.369~0.716) 15.501 < 0.001 注：模型1未调整相关因素；模型2调整年龄、居住地、吸烟、BMI、可支配收入、是否患有慢性病等因素。
Note: Model 1 did not adjust for relevant factors; Model 2 adjusted for age, residence, smoking, BMI, average disposable income of households, chronic disease and other factors.
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