2006―2022年江苏省哨点医院道路交通伤害病例流行特征及变化趋势

王荣; 范习康; 吴洵; 杨婕; 周金意; 杜文聪

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.10.014

2006―2022年江苏省哨点医院道路交通伤害病例流行特征及变化趋势

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.10.014

王荣¹,
范习康²,
吴洵²,
杨婕³,
周金意²,
杜文聪^2, ,

1.
东南大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，南京 210009
2.
江苏省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病防制所，南京 210009
3.
江苏省疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康促进所，南京 210009

详细信息

通讯作者:
杜文聪，E-mail: duwencong1002@163.com

中图分类号: R195.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-07
- 修回日期: 2024-08-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-11
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-10

Epidemic characteristics and changing trends of road traffic injury patients in sentinel hospitals in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2022

1.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
2.
Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
3.
Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China

More Information

Corresponding author: DU Wencong, E-mail: duwencong1002@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2006―2022年江苏省道路交通伤害病例流行特征和变化趋势，为制定道路交通伤害预防控制措施与策略提供科学依据。方法收集2006―2022年，江苏省哨点医院就诊的道路交通伤害病例数据，采用描述性流行病学方法分析道路交通伤害病例的流行特征；计算构成比，组间比较选用χ²检验，并对道路交通伤害构成比进行趋势分析；运用圆形分布法分析时间分布特征。结果道路交通伤害病例数居伤害发生原因的第2位(277 744例，18.70%)。道路交通伤害病例的男女性别比为1.29∶1.00。2006―2022年江苏省居民道路交通伤害病例占全部居民伤害的比重呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=34 066.82, P < 0.001)。道路交通伤害发生时间有季节性特征，发生高峰期为每年4月15日―12月31日，发生高峰日为每年8月23日；道路交通伤害发生时病例以驾乘交通工具为主(73.2%)；损伤程度以轻度为主(72.2%)；主要结局为处理后离院(77.4%)；≥65岁年龄组居民发生道路交通伤害后严重程度最重(中/重度占比59.8%)且观察/住院/转院(32.5%)人数居多；受伤部位主要为下肢(28.8%)和头部(21.8%)；伤害性质主要为挫伤/擦伤(66.2%)。结论道路交通伤害是江苏省居民因伤害就诊的重要原因，干预措施应重点关注男性和≥65岁年龄组的人群；同时应加强下肢及头部等重点部位的防护，以降低道路交通伤害的严重程度
- 道路交通伤害 /
- 流行特征 /
- 监测 /
- 圆形分布法
Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of road traffic injury cases in Jiangsu Province, providing scientific evidence for formulating road traffic injury prevention and control measures and strategies. Methods The data on road traffic injury cases were collected from sentinel hospitals in Jiangsu Province between 2006 and 2022. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of these cases. The ratios of different types of road traffic injury cases were calculated, and the χ² test was used for group comparisons. Additionally, the temporal distribution was analyzed using the circular distribution method. Results Road traffic injury cases ranked second among the causes of injury occurrence (277 744 cases, 18.70%). The gender ratio of road traffic injury cases was 1.29∶1.00. From 2006 to 2022, the proportion of road traffic injury cases among all residents′ injuries in Jiangsu Province showed a downward trend (χ²_trend=34 066.82, P < 0.001). Road traffic injuries have seasonal characteristics, with the peak period of road traffic injuries from April 15th to December 31st each year, and the peak day of occurrence being August 23rd each year. At the time of road traffic injuries, the cases were mainly driven by vehicles (73.2%). The degree of injury was mainly mild (72.2%). The main outcome was leaving the hospital after treatment (77.4%). Residents aged 65 and above have the most severe injuries after road traffic accidents (with 59.8% classified as moderate or severe injuries) and the highest number of observations/hospitalizations/transfers (32.5%). The main injury parts were the lower limbs (28.8%) and head (21.8%). The nature of the injury was mainly contusion/abrasion (66.2%). Conclusions Road traffic injuries are an important cause of medical visits for residents in Jiangsu Province, with interventions targeting the male population and those aged 65 and older. Meanwhile, protection of key body parts such as the lower limbs and head should be strengthened to reduce the severity of road traffic injuries.
- Road traffic injury /
- Epidemic characteristics /
- Surveillance /
- Circular distribution method

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图 1 2006—2022年江苏省居民不同性别、年龄组道路交通伤害受伤部位构成情况

Figure 1. Composition of injured parts of road traffic injuries by gender, age groups, Jiangsu province, 2006-2022

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表 1 2013―2022年江苏省监测点伤害病例漏报率情况

Table 1. The rate of missing reports for injury cases at surveillance points in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2022

年份 Year	监测点 Monitoring points	漏报率 Underreporting rate/%	年份 Year	监测点 Monitoring points	漏报率 Underreporting rate/%
2013	浦口区Pukou District	7.5	2019	浦口区Pukou District	2.6
	张家港市Zhangjiagang City	2.1		张家港市Zhangjiagang City	0
2014	浦口区Pukou District	5.4		无锡市Wuxi City	1.2
	张家港市Zhangjiagang City	3.5		姑苏区Gusu District	8.3
2015	浦口区Pukou District	5.9	2020	浦口区Pukou District	3.7
	张家港市Zhangjiagang City	1.5		张家港市Zhangjiagang City	0
	无锡市Wuxi City	6.9		无锡市Wuxi City	1.8
2016	浦口区Pukou District	3.5		姑苏区Gusu District	4.5
	张家港市Zhangjiagang City	0	2021	浦口区Pukou District	4.4
	无锡市Wuxi City	7.2		张家港市Zhangjiagang City	0.8
2017	浦口区Pukou District	3.5		无锡市Wuxi City	1.7
	张家港市Zhangjiagang City	1.0		姑苏区Gusu District	5.5
	无锡市Wuxi City	3.3	2022	浦口区Pukou District	4.9
2018	浦口区Pukou District	5.1		张家港市Zhangjiagang City	0
	张家港市Zhangjiagang City	0		无锡市Wuxi City	3.9
	无锡市Wuxi City	2.2		姑苏区Gusu District	4.0

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表 2 2006―2022年江苏省居民道路交通伤害病例情况及趋势分析

Table 2. Situation and trend of road traffic injury cases among residents in Jiangsu Province, 2006-2022

年份 Year	年龄组/岁Age group/years^①						男性 Male^①	女性 Female^①	合计 Total^①
年份 Year	0~ < 5	5~ < 15	15~ < 30	30~ < 45	45~ < 65	≥65	男性 Male^①	女性 Female^①	合计 Total^①
2006	264(2.1)	570(4.5)	3 417(27.2)	4 683(37.2)	3 016(24.0)	635(5.0)	7 605(60.4)	4 980(39.6)	12 585(30.3)
2007	314(2.6)	662(5.5)	3 440(28.4)	4 121(34.1)	2 851(23.6)	711(5.9)	7 375(61.0)	4 724(39.0)	12 099(26.4)
2008	272(2.0)	658(4.9)	3 444(25.9)	4 652(34.9)	3 448(25.9)	838(6.3)	7 879(59.2)	5 433(40.8)	13 312(27.7)
2009	265(1.9)	629(4.4)	3 659(25.7)	4 610(32.3)	4 084(28.6)	1 008(7.1)	8 018(56.2)	6 237(43.8)	14 255(25.5)
2010	280(1.7)	788(4.8)	3 990(24.2)	5 112(30.9)	5 142(31.1)	1 207(7.3)	9 306(56.3)	7 213(43.7)	16 519(25.6)
2011	297(1.5)	879(4.4)	4 888(24.6)	6 073(30.5)	6 221(31.3)	1 542(7.7)	11 715(58.9)	8 185(41.1)	19 900(30.7)
2012	173(1.2)	515(3.6)	3 359(23.4)	4 231(29.5)	4 840(33.7)	1 231(8.6)	8 137(56.7)	6 212(43.3)	14 349(24.5)
2013	170(1.2)	551(3.7)	3 448(23.5)	4 065(27.6)	5 168(35.1)	1 301(8.8)	8 106(55.1)	6 597(44.9)	14 703(21.1)
2014	88(0.7)	364(2.9)	2 895(23.3)	3 625(29.2)	4 437(35.7)	1 020(8.2)	7 093(57.1)	5 336(42.9)	12 429(20.6)
2015	68(0.5)	295(2.3)	2 618(20.5)	3 819(29.9)	4 967(38.9)	1 018(8.0)	7 206(56.4)	5 579(43.6)	12 785(20.7)
2016	99(0.6)	364(2.1)	3 627(21.0)	5 457(31.7)	6 133(35.6)	1 557(9.0)	10 113(58.7)	7 124(41.3)	17 237(19.2)
2017	88(0.5)	313(1.8)	3 326(18.7)	5 390(30.3)	7 006(39.4)	1 663(9.4)	10 143(57.0)	7 643(43.0)	17 786(18.8)
2018	190(1.0)	504(2.7)	3 436(18.1)	5 617(29.6)	7 206(37.9)	2 043(10.8)	10 660(56.1)	8 336(43.9)	18 996(17.4)
2019	263(1.3)	765(3.8)	3 300(16.4)	5 006(24.8)	8 052(39.9)	2 771(13.7)	10 704(53.1)	9 453(46.9)	20 157(15.7)
2020	237(1.1)	719(3.5)	3 332(16.1)	5 376(26.0)	8 265(39.9)	2 766(13.4)	11 499(55.6)	9 196(44.4)	20 695(14.8)
2021	182(0.9)	815(3.8)	3 510(16.5)	5 499(25.9)	8 352(39.3)	2 867(13.5)	11 318(53.3)	9 907(46.7)	21 225(11.5)
2022	139(0.7)	699(3.7)	3 227(17.2)	4 975(26.6)	6 816(36.4)	2 856(15.3)	9 790(52.3)	8 922(47.7)	18 712(11.4)
χ²_趋势值 χ²_trend value	719.9	764.532	2 564.628	1 358.729	3 286.662	2 837.933	632.163	632.163	34 066.821
P值value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 3 2006―2022年江苏省居民道路交通伤害发生时间分布

Table 3. Distribution of time of occurrence of road traffic injuries among residents of Jiangsu Province, 2006-2022

年份 Year	r值 value	Z值 value	平均角 α/°	标准差 s/°	高峰日 Peak day	高峰期 Peak period
2006	0.114	162.903	165.696	119.460	6月16日June 16th	2月15日―10月16日February 15th to October 16th
2007	0.132	212.060	213.192	115.220	8月4日August 4th	4月9日―11月28日April 9th to November 28th
2008	0.057	43.596	95.146	137.049	4月5日April 5th	11月19日―次年8月22日November 19th to the following August 22nd
2009	0.039	21.265	196.746	146.164	7月17日July 17th	2月20日―12月13日February 20th to December 13th
2010	0.088	127.665	239.412	126.348	8月30日August 30th	4月24日―次年1月5日April 24th to the following January 5th
2011	0.081	130.356	172.058	128.478	6月23日June 23rd	2月13日―10月31日February 13th to October 31st
2012	0.115	188.959	192.215	119.223	7月12日July 12th	3月14日―11月10日March 14th to November 10th
2013	0.089	116.499	215.534	126.024	8月6日August 6th	3月31日―12月12日March 31st to December 12th
2014	0.046	26.244	181.534	142.209	7月3日July 3rd	2月8日―11月14日February 15th to November 14th
2015	0.067	57.777	241.412	133.137	9月1日September 1st	4月19日―次年1月14日April 19th to the following January 14th
2016	0.141	344.280	206.992	113.344	7月27日July 27th	4月3日―11月19日April 3rd to November 19th
2017	0.042	31.436	286.704	144.247	10月17日October 17th	5月24日―次年3月12日May 24th to the following March 12th
2018	0.113	242.957	243.371	119.625	9月3日September 3rd	5月5日―次年1月3日May 5th to the following January 3rd
2019	0.189	718.622	302.658	104.617	11月2日November 2nd	7月19日―次年2月16日July 19th to the following February 16th
2020	0.160	529.533	223.058	109.698	8月13日August 13th	4月23日―12月2日April 23rd to December 2nd
2021	0.062	82.313	258.303	135.009	9月18日September 18th	5月5日―次年2月2日May 5th to the following February 2nd
2022	0.142	377.008	224.666	113.218	8月15日August 15th	4月22日―12月8日April 22nd to December 8th
合计Total	0.081	1 830.744	232.258	128.399	8月23日August 23rd	4月15日―12月31日April 15th to December 31st to the following year

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表 4 2006―2022年江苏省伤害监测点居民道路交通伤害发生时活动情况

Table 4. Activity at the time of road traffic injury among residents of injury surveillance sites in Jiangsu Province, 2006-2022

分组Group	驾乘交通工具 Driving or riding in a vehicle^①	休闲活动 Leisure activities^①	生命活动 Vital activities^①	步行 Walking^①	其他/不清楚 Other/unclear^①	χ²值 value	P值 value
性别Gender						662.124	< 0.001
男性Male	115 625(73.8)	21 420(13.7)	8 109(5.2)	6 242(4.0)	5 271(3.3)
女性Female	87 806(72.5)	16 533(13.7)	5 905(4.9)	7 310(6.0)	3 523(2.9)
年龄组/岁Age group /years						5 872.850	< 0.001
0~ < 5	2 007(59.2)	1 085(32.0)	126(3.7)	93(2.8)	78(2.3)
5~ < 15	6 701(66.4)	2 262(22.4)	451(4.5)	407(4.0)	269(2.7)
15~ < 30	45 279(76.9)	7 121(12.1)	2 671(4.5)	2 146(3.6)	1 699(2.9)
30~ < 45	62 405(75.8)	10 294(12.5)	4 083(5.0)	2 838(3.4)	2 691(3.3)
45~ < 65	69 819(72.7)	12 570(13.1)	5 356(5.6)	4 908(5.1)	3 351(3.5)
≥65	17 220(63.7)	4 621(17.1)	1 327(4.9)	3 160(11.7)	706(2.6)
合计Total	203 431(73.2)	37 953(13.7)	14 014(5.0)	13 552(4.9)	8 794(3.2)
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 5 2006―2022年江苏省伤害监测点居民道路交通伤害严重程度和结局情况

Table 5. Severity and outcome of road traffic injuries among residents of injury surveillance sites in Jiangsu Province, 2006-2022

分组Group	伤害严重程度Injury severity^①			伤害结局Injury outcome^①
分组Group	轻度 Mild	中度 Moderate	重度 Severe	处理后离院 Discharged after treatment	观察/住院/转院 Observation/ Hospitalization/ Transfer	死亡/其他 Death/Other
性别Gender
男性Male	110 847(70.8)	42 495(27.1)	3 325(2.1)	1 192 119(76.1)	36 885(23.5)	571(0.4)
女性Female	89 584(74.0)	29 880(24.7)	1 613(1.3)	95 774(79.1)	24 946(20.6)	357(0.3)
χ²值value		495.716			355.032
P值value		< 0.001			< 0.001
年龄组/岁Age group /years
0~ < 5	2 866(84.6)	491(14.5)	32(0.9)	2 868(84.6)	507(15.0)	14(0.4)
5~ < 15	8 284(82.1)	1 720(17.0)	86(0.9)	8 691(86.1)	1 386(13.8)	13(0.1)
15~ < 30	46 604(79.1)	11 599(19.7)	713(1.2)	48 539(82.4)	10 230(17.4)	147(0.2)
30~ < 45	61 264(74.4)	19 638(23.9)	1 409(1.7)	65 227(79.2)	16 832(20.5)	252(0.3)
45~ < 65	65 259(68.0)	28 914(30.1)	1 831(1.9)	71 598(74.6)	24 092(25.1)	314(0.3)
≥65	16 154(59.8)	10 013(37.0)	867(3.2)	18 062(66.8)	8 784(32.5)	188(0.7)
χ²值value		5 379.545			3 755.870
P值value		< 0.001			< 0.001
合计Total	200 431(72.2)	72 375(26.0)	4 938(1.8)	214 985(77.4)	61 831(22.3)	928(0.3)
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 6 2006―2022年江苏省伤害监测点居民道路交通伤害性质分析

Table 6. Analysis of the nature of road traffic injuries among residents of injury surveillance sites in Jiangsu Province, 2006-2022

分组 Group	骨折 Fracture^①	扭伤/拉伤 Sprain/strain^①	锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤 Cut/puncture/bite/ open wound^①	挫伤/擦伤 Contusion/ abrasion^①	脑震荡/脑挫裂伤 Concussion/cerebral contusion and laceration	内脏器官伤 Internal organ injury^①	其他/不清楚 Other/unclear^①	χ²值 value	P值 value
性别Gender								585.142	< 0.001
男性Male	30 512(19.5)	7 797(5.0)	8 714(5.6)	101 439(64.7)	6 445(4.1)	1 102(0.7)	658(0.4)
女性Female	21 565(17.8)	6 424(5.3)	5 163(4.3)	82 375(68.0)	4 577(3.8)	487(0.4)	486(0.4)
年龄组/岁Age group /years								7 393.717	< 0.001
0~ < 5	266(7.8)	153(4.5)	123(3.6)	2 717(80.2)	103(3.0)	12(0.4)	15(0.5)
5~ < 15	1 065(10.6)	569(5.6)	466(4.6)	7 649(75.8)	258(2.6)	36(0.4)	47(0.4)
15~ < 30	7 052(12.0)	3 402(5.8)	3 183(5.4)	42 838(72.7)	1 906(3.2)	286(0.5)	249(0.4)
30~ < 45	13 269(16.1)	4 198(5.1)	4 236(5.1)	56 775(69.0)	2 967(3.6)	547(0.7)	319(0.4)
45~ < 65	22 667(23.6)	4 875(5.1)	4 666(4.8)	58 855(61.3)	3 999(4.2)	547(0.6)	395(0.4)
≥65	7 758(28.7)	1 024(3.8)	1 203(4.4)	14 980(55.4)	1 789(6.6)	161(0.6)	119(0.5)
合计Total	52 077(18.8)	14 221(5.1)	13 877(5.0)	183 814(66.2)	11 022(4.0)	1 589(0.6)	1 144(0.3)
注：①以人数(占比/%)。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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