Abstract: Objective To investigate the psychology status of patients with diabetic retinopathy during preoperative period and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 86 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, who were investigated by using general information questionnaire, diabetes distress scale (DDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Among them, 49 patients underwent vitrectomy, 37 patients underwent vitrectomy and silicone oil filling. T test was used to compare the measurement data between groups, and rank sum test was used to compare the grade data. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate influencing factors of anxiety and pain. Results 56 participants with DR suffered psychological pain while the other 31 suffered anxiety. There was significant difference between the two groups in DDS and SAS (all P<0.05). The multifactor analysis showed treatment method (OR=3.116, 95% CI:1.036-9.372, P=0.043) was risk factor of distress. Female (OR=4.376, 95% CI:1.052-18.201, P=0.042), genetic history of the diabetes (OR=7.596, 95% CI:1.788-32.272, P=0.006) and treatment method (OR=12.742, 95% CI:3.609-44.983, P<0.001) were risk factors of anxiety. Conclusions Patients with DR who underwent vitrectomy and silicone oil filling are more prone to have pain and anxiety than those with simple vitrectomy. Evaluating psychological status of patients with diabetic retinopathy is significant to improve patient compliance as well as prevent and control complications.