Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in four disease surveillance points of Hubei Province. Methods A total of 2 400 residents aged over 40 years were surveyed through multistage clustering sampling method by questionnaire, body measurement, and pulmonary function test. Based on the complex sampling design, χ² test and unconditional multivariate logistics regression analysis were conducted to identify the influencing factors of COPD. Results A total of 2 389 subjects aged over 40 years were recruited. The number of COPD patients was 213, accounting for 8.92%. The prevalence of COPD was 12.36% (95% CI:6.95%-17.77%). The prevalence of rural areas (13.96%) was higher than urban areas(9.04%), and the prevalence of men (17.47%) was higher than women(6.54%). The χ² tests showed that the region, gender, age, SBP, BMI, and smoking were COPD-related factors (all P<0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression showed that compared with the age group of 40-49, the age group of 50-(OR=2.316, 95% CI:1.999-2.683), 60-(OR=4.641, 95% CI:2.479-8.687) and over 70 (OR=9.066, 95% CI:5.735-14.333) increased the risk of COPD. Smoking (OR=3.376, 95% CI:2.357-4.834) and using polluting fuels for household heating (OR=1.734, 95% CI:1.264-2.380) were risk factors for COPD. Compared with low body weight, people with overweight (OR=0.599, 95% CI:0.367-0.978) and obesity (OR=0.404, 95% CI:0.218-0.752) had lower risk of getting COPD. Conclusions Men from rural areas in Hubei had relatively high COPD prevalence. People who had elder age, smoking history, and been using polluting fuels for household heating had higher risk of COPD. Targeted intervening measures should be carried out for COPD prevention.