Abstract: In recent years, the research on hantavirus gene is getting deeper and deeper with the development of molecular biology and other technologies. A lot of research on different types of hantavirus and rodent hosts, ecological environment and evolution has been carried out at home and abroad. It was found that the prevalence and evolution of hantavirus were closely related to the long-term interaction between hantavirus and hosts.Hantavirus has many genotypes and it is widely distributed all over the world. There were differences in nucleic acid sequence among different serotypes of hantavirus and different hantavirus strains of the same serotype, and the gene fragments of hantavirus of different genotypes were often recombined, which plays an important role in the interaction between hantavirus and host genes. Meanwhile, it is of great significance to the pathogenicity of hantavirus and the clinical diagnosis, treatment and epidemic of the related diseases. Therefore, in this study, the current epidemic status, biological characteristics and interaction with host genes of hantavirus were reviewed.