Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis(JE)in Jiangsu Province from 2008 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis for JE prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted based on data of JE collected from national disease reporting information system from 2008 to 2017. JE IgM antibody of the cases was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results A total of 269 JE cases were reported in Jiangsu from 2008 to 2017, with an average incidence rate of 0.034/100 000. The incidence of JE showed a steady downward trend(χ_trend²=104.47, P<0.001). Most of the cases were reported from July to September and the peak occurred in August. Cases were distributed mainly in Suqian, Lianyungang, Suzhou, Huaian and Xuzhou Cities. The ratio of male to female was 1:0.72. JE mainly occurred in children aged 10 years old and younger(80.67%), among which most were scattered children. A total of 362 JE cases were positively detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assary (ELISA), accounting for 78.35% of all cases received in our laboratory. Most of cases were unknown and no vaccination, while 42.75% were vaccinated. After a series of prevention and control measures, the incidence of JE has decreased significantly in recent years. Conclusions The incidence of JE in Jiangsu is lower than the national average incidence, the effect of vaccination of JE is remarkable, we should continue to do the work of the prevention and control of JE, and improve public awareness, education and anti-mosquito strategies.