基于跨理论模型的大学生体育锻炼行为阶段与变化程序研究

郑晓; 张持晨; 靳珍珍; 陆姣; 候丽红; 李咪咪; 薛雅卿; 蔡圆

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.10.006

基于跨理论模型的大学生体育锻炼行为阶段与变化程序研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.10.006

郑晓¹,
张持晨^{1, 2, 3, ,},
靳珍珍³,
陆姣³,
候丽红³,
李咪咪³,
薛雅卿³,
蔡圆³

1.
510515 广州, 南方医科大学卫生管理学院卫生管理学系
2.
310058 杭州, 浙江大学医学院公共卫生系
3.
030001 太原, 山西医科大学管理学院社会医学与卫生事业管理专业

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 71874104

中国博士后科学基金面上项目 2019M652133

浙江省博士后择优资助项目 zj20180138

山西省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目 201801019

山西省哲学社会科学规划课题 2018B205

详细信息

通讯作者:
张持晨, E-mail: zhangchichen@sina.com

中图分类号: G804.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-04
- 修回日期: 2019-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-10

The study of college students' physical exercise behavior phase and process of change based on the Transtheoretical model

1.
Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
2.
Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
3.
Social Medicine and Health Service Management, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 71874104

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project 2019M652133

Fund Program for the Selected Post Doctorate in Zhejiang Province zj20180138

Program for the Philosophy and Social Sciences Key Research Base of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi 201801019

Planning Project of Shanxi Philosophy and Social Science founded by Shanxi Philosophy and Social Science Planning Office 2018B205

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Chi-chen, E-mail: zhangchichen@sina.com

摘要

摘要: 目的本研究基于跨理论模型，对大学生在改善体育锻炼行为过程中不同阶段的特征进行分析，探求变化程序在体育锻炼行为改变过程中的作用，为大学生体育锻炼行为阶段匹配干预提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法对山西省5类高校932名大学生进行问卷调查。大学生锻炼行为阶段现状采用描述性分析；利用方差分析及多因素Logistic回归分析模型探讨不同体育锻炼变化阶段的变化程序差异；利用多因素方差分析个体一般情况对变化程序的影响。结果 89.4%大学生明确体育锻炼的重要性，但对自身锻炼状况感到满意仅占29.4%；运动阶段分布呈左偏峰倒U型分布，且存在性别差异（χ²=54.657，P < 0.001）；大学生体育锻炼变化程序存在阶段特征。性别对互助关系、意识控制具有主效应（F_性别=7.400，P=0.007；F_性别=7.778，P=0.005）。年级和性别对社会释放具有交互效应（F_{年级*性别}=3.614，P=0.013）。结论大学生体育锻炼行为呈现"知而不行"的特点，且符合跨理论模型的结构。研究者应根据大学生体育行为的阶段特征，制定针对性的干预策略。
- 大学生 /
- 体育锻炼行为 /
- 跨理论模型 /
- 变化阶段 /
- 变化程序
Abstract: Objective To analyze the stage characteristics in the exercise behavior improvement of college students and explore the role of Process in the exercise behavior change based on the transtheoretical model, providing basis for the stage-matched intervention for the exercise behavior of college students. Methods There were 932 students who completed the questionnaires, from 5 universities in Shanxi Province were selected by using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the exercise behavior of college students. Variance analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the difference of the process of with stage of change among college students' physical exercise. Multivariate variance analysis was used to analyze how personal characteristics affect process of change. Results Among all participants, 89.4% students knew the importance of physical exercise, and 29.4% students were satisfied with their physical exercise condition. The distribution of students' physical exercise stage showed an inverted U-shape with left-side peak, and there was a significant difference between gender(χ²=54.657, P < 0.001). There were significant stage characteristics in the process of students' exercise behavior, gender had a significant main effects on mutual aid relation(F=7.400, P=0.07)and conscious control (F=7.778, P=0.005), gender and grade had interaction effects on social release (F=3.614, P=0.013). Conclusions The college students' exercise behavior showed the characteristics of "knowing but not to do", which conformed to the Transtheoretical model. It is essential to develop targeted phased exercise intervention strategies according to the relationship between change of phase and change of procedure.
- College students /
- Physical exercise behavior /
- Transtheoretical model /
- Stage of change /
- Process of change

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图 1 大学生体育锻炼行为阶段差异及性别差异

Figure 1. Differences in stages and gender among college students' physical exercise behavior

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图 2 基于跨理论模型的大学生体育锻炼行为模型

Figure 2. College students' physical exercise behavior model based on transtheoretical model

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表 1 不同行为阶段大学生体育锻炼变化程序的比较

Table 1. Comparison of the process of change with stage of change among college students' physical exercise

变化程序	意向前阶段	意向阶段	准备阶段	行动阶段	维持阶段	F值
自我释放	14.80±4.30	15.77±3.10	17.50±3.24	18.10±3.08	19.86±4.19	42.741^a
互助关系	11.00±3.64	11.04±2.85	12.30±2.76	12.97±2.67	13.53±2.95	21.172^a
效果评估	11.83±3.31	12.26±2.87	13.16±2.67	13.16±2.55	13.22±3.49	8.497^a
社会释放	16.33±3.65	16.82±3.11	17.03±2.93	17.80±2.97	18.07±3.81	6.411^a
自我管理	15.88±4.21	17.28±3.42	18.38±3.23	18.36±3.13	19.93±3.97	23.970^a
意识控制	16.03±5.33	16.30±4.29	18.39±4.04	18.69±3.59	20.81±4.55	26.077^a
总分	85.78±20.64	89.49±14.86	96.75±14.48	99.08±13.63	105.42±18.48	31.296^a
注：^a表示P < 0.001。

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表 2 不同体育锻炼行为阶段变化程序影响因素多因素Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Multifactor Logistic regression analysis of different stages of different physical exercise behavior

影响因素	β	s_x	Wald/χ²值	OR(95% CI)值	P值
前意向阶段(否=0，是=1)
自我释放	-0.153	0.040	14.336	0.858(0.793~0.929)	< 0.001
社会释放	0.100	0.036	7.591	1.106(1.029~1.187)	0.006
自我管理	-0.127	0.036	12.607	0.881(0.822~0.945)	< 0.001
意向阶段(否=0，是=1)
自我释放	-0.106	0.034	9.839	0.900(0.842~0.961)	0.002
互助关系	-0.078	0.034	5.291	0.925(0.866~0.989)	0.021
准备阶段(否=0，是=1)
社会释放	-0.121	0.034	12.822	0.886(0.829~0.947)	< 0.001
自我管理	0.066	0.034	3.892	1.069(1.000~1.141)	0.049
行动阶段(否=0，是=1)
自我释放	0.148	0.046	10.376	1.160(1.060~1.270)	0.001
互助关系	0.113	0.045	6.448	1.120(1.026~1.222)	0.011
维持阶段(否=0，是=1)
自我释放	0.255	0.064	15.757	1.290(1.138~1.463)	< 0.001
效果评估	-0.172	0.053	10.540	0.842(0.759~0.934)	0.001
意识控制	0.109	0.045	5.916	1.115(1.021~1.217)	0.015

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