The status and influencing factors of domestic violence against married women in Wenzhou area
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摘要:
目的 调查温州地区已婚妇女遭受家庭暴力行为的发生情况，并探讨其影响因素。 方法 2018年采用多阶段分层抽样方法抽取705名温州地区已婚妇女作为调查对象，通过自填式问卷调查收集其基本信息、近12个月内家庭暴力行为发生情况及相关因素。 结果 约40%的已婚妇女在过去的12个月遭受了至少一次暴力行为，其中心理暴力的年发生率约为33.8%，其次是身体暴力19.1%和性暴力14.9%；在遭受家庭暴力的已婚妇女中，超过半数经历了多重暴力。Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，来至农村、结婚时间10年以下和两地分居的已婚妇女遭受家庭暴力的风险性更高，而配偶文化水平高、初婚、婚姻满意度高、婚姻自主、夫妻角色相辅相成的已婚妇女能较好地避免家庭暴力。 结论 已婚妇女遭受暴力发生率较为普遍，应引起重视，采取针对性的综合措施防范妇女家庭暴力的发生。 Abstract:Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of domestic violence against married women in Wenzhou area. Methods a total of 705 married women took part in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2018. Conflict Tactics Scales and several short demographic questions were used in this study to collect basic information and the occurence of domestic violence within 12 months. Results Nearly 40% of married women experienced at least one incident of domestic violence during the past 12 months. 33.8% of respondents experiencing one episode of psychological violence in the past 12 months, followed by 19.5% experienced physical violence and 14.9%of sexual violence. The joint occurrence of multiple forms of violence was the most commonly reported features experiencing domestic violence. Some individual (education and Hukou), marital relationship (marital satisfaction, duration of marriage, marital autonomy marital models) and family (family model and sex roles) factors of the respondents, were negatively or positively associated with domestic violence against married women. Conclusion The results indicated that there was a high rate of domestic violence among married women in Wenzhou area. Accordingly, there is an obvious need of intervention and treatment activities to prevent and reduce the occurrence of domestic violence among the married women. -
Key words:
- Married women /
- Domestic violence /
- Factor analysis
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图 1 已婚妇女遭受多重家庭暴力的比例
Figure 1. Overlaps between difference forms of domestic violence against married women
表 1 过去12个月已婚妇女家庭暴力的发生率和频率分析
Table 1. Past 12 months prevalence and frequency of domestic violence among the married women
暴力的形式 过去12个月的发生率 过去12个月的频率 n (%) 95% CI 1次 2~5次(很少) >5次(常常) 心理暴力 侮辱/咒骂/大声叫/被配偶责骂 228(32.3) (30.5~34.1) 85(12.1) 107(15.2) 36(5.1) 破坏属于我的东西或威胁打我 108(15.3) (13.9~16.6) 50(7.1) 37(5.2) 21(3.0) 至少有一次心理暴力 238(33.8) (32.0~35.6) 68(9.6) 96(13.6) 74(10.5) 躯体暴力 推/挤/打我耳光 101(14.3) (12.9~15.6) 47(6.7) 38(5.4) 16(2.3) 用拳打/踢/狠狠打我一顿 108(15.3) (13.9~16.7) 49(6.9) 43(6.1) 16(2.3) 至少一次躯体暴力 139(19.1) (17.6~20.6) 41(5.8) 48(6.8) 46(6.5) 性暴力 身体被迫发生性关系 86(12.2) (10.9~13.4) 32(4.5) 35(4.9) 19(2.7) 不想发生性行为或被迫没有避孕套地性交 87(12.3) (11.1~13.5) 42(5.9) 28(4.0) 17(2.4) 至少一次性暴力 105(14.9) (13.6~16.2) 23(3.3) 36(5.1) 46(6.5) 三种暴力中至少有一种 272(38.6) (36.8~40.4) 
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表 2 已婚妇女家庭暴力的影响因素的单因素分析结果
Table 2. The incidence of domestic violence against married women of different characteristics by univariate analysis
变量 调查人数(人) 受暴人数(人) 发生率(%) χ2值 P值 年龄 9.374 0.009 ≤30岁 280 127 45.4 31~岁 208 74 35.6 ≥41岁 217 71 32.7 户口 95.486 < 0.001 农村 196 132 67.3 城市 505 138 27.3 配偶户口 34.971 < 0.001 农村 154 91 59.1 城市 551 181 32.8 文化程度 1.592 0.452 大学及以上 345 133 38.6 高中和中专 155 54 34.8 初中及以下 203 84 41.3 配偶文化程度 9.558 0.008 大学及以上 202 95 47.0 高中和中专 173 57 32.9 初中及以下 317 113 35.6 婚姻状态 26.301 < 0.001 初婚 628 223 35.5 非初婚 74 49 66.2 结婚时间(年) 15.598 < 0.001 ≤3 251 114 45.4 4~ 147 63 42.9 ≥11 289 86 29.7 婚姻满意度 15.491 < 0.001 满意 601 215 35.8 不满意 99 56 56.6 婚姻自主 9.992 0.002 自己做主 575 206 35.8 父母做主 130 66 50.8 家庭总月收入(元) ≤6 000 168 69 41.1 0.597 0.741 6 001~ 363 138 38.0 ≥12 000 174 65 生活模式 16.793 < 0.001 两地分居 58 37 63.8 一起生活 645 235 36.4 夫妻分工 19.751 < 0.001 女主男辅 45 26 57.8 相辅相成 394 125 32.7 无所谓 74 32 43.2 男主女辅 185 85 45.9
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表 3 已婚妇女家庭暴力的多因素Logistic回归分析模型结果
Table 3. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis of domestic violence against married woman
变量(对照组) β值 sx Wald值 P值 OR值(95% CI) 户口(城市) 1.561 0.226 45.551 < 0.001 4.767(3.029~7.503) 配偶户口(城市) 0.552 0.231 5.401 0.020 1.737(1.090~2.768) 配偶文化程度(初中及以下) 9.167 0.010 大学及以上 -0.821 0.269 8.902 0.003 0.439(0.255~0.754) 高中和中专 -0.344 0.272 1.541 0.214 0.712(0.417~1.216) 婚姻状态(非初婚) -0.792 0.318 6.053 0.014 0.451(0.239~0.850) 结婚时间(≥11年) 19.931 < 0.001 ≤3年 1.021 0.237 16.951 < 0.001 2.788(1.711~4.541) 4~年 1.042 0.269 14.238 < 0.001 2.848(1.654~4.903) 婚姻满意度(不满意) -0.674 0.271 6.024 0.014 0.509(0.296~0.873) 婚姻自主(父母做主) -0.655 0.232 7.612 0.006 0.521(0.328~0.828) 生活模式(一起生活) 1.222 0.358 11.620 0.001 3.418(1.686~6.930) 夫妻角色(男主女辅) 11.291 0.010 女主男辅 -0.124 0.401 0.092 0.768 0.889(0.405~1.952) 相辅相成 -0.698 0.223 10.461 0.001 0.497(0.325~0.759) 无所谓 -0.341 0.352 0.954 0.329 0.711(0.359~)1.410
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