Anemia prevalence and its influencing factors for the infants aged 6-23 months in poor areas in Gansu Province
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摘要:
目的 了解甘肃省贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病状况及其影响因素，为改善当地儿童贫血患病状况提供参考依据。 方法 采用多阶段抽样的方法，在甘肃省12个儿童营养改善项目县对6~24月龄婴幼儿及看护人进行调查，用t检验、方差分析进行血红蛋白含量的比较、用χ2检验进行患病率之间的比较、用Logistic回归分析模型进行影响因素的分析。 结果 3 188例有效数据中，贫血检出率为25.69%（819人），男童、女童中贫血检出率分别为24.54%、26.90%，不同性别间贫血检出率的差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.326，P=0.127），不同年龄组间贫血检出率的差异具有统计学意义（χ2=42.339，P < 0.001）；多因素分析结果表明：儿童月龄、儿童民族、家长对喂养知识的知晓率、儿童出生6个月后喂养方式、营养包的服用方式与贫血均存在相关性（均有P < 0.05）。 结论 甘肃省贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率较高，加强对看护人喂养知识及科学育儿的宣教，进一步落实营养包的有效服用，有助于改善儿童贫血患病状况。 Abstract:Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors in infants aged 6 to 24 months in poor areas of Gansu Province, and to provide reference for improving the prevalence of anemia in local children. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct a survey on infant and caregivers, in the 12 children nutrition improvement project counties in Gansu Province. T-test and analysis of variance were used to compare the hemoglobin content, the chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of anemia, and the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results Among the 3 188 effective data, the detection rate of anemia was 25.69% (819). The detection rate of anemia among boys and girls was 24.54% and 26.90%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of anemia among different sexes (χ2=2.326, P=0.127). The detection rate of anemia between different age groups were statistically significant (χ2=42.339, P < 0.001); The results of multivariate analysis showed that children's age, children's ethnic groups, parents' awareness of feeding knowledge, the feeding method of 6 months after birth and the way of taking nutritional packs were associated with anemia (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months in poor areas in Gansu Province was relatively high. Strengthening the education of caretakers' knowledge of guardian feeding and scientific child-rearing, and ensuring the nutrition packages intake can significantly reduce the prevalence of anemia prevalence in poor areas in Gansu Province. -
Key words:
- Poverty-stricken areas /
- Infants aged 6 to 24 months /
- Anemia /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 调查对象人数及构成百分比[n(%)]
Table 1. Number of participants and percentage of composition[n(%)]
特征 6~(岁) 12~(岁) 18~24(岁) 合计 性别 男 565(17.72) 510(16.00) 563(17.66) 1 638(51.38) 女 543(17.03) 497(15.59) 510(16.00) 1 550(48.62) 民族 汉族 889(27.89) 822(25.78) 883(27.70) 2 594(81.37) 藏族 115(3.61) 97(3.03) 107(3.36) 319(10.01) 东乡族 54(1.69) 46(1.44) 46(1.44) 146(4.58) 回族 50(1.57) 42(1.32) 37(1.16) 129(4.05) 是否患贫血 是 329(10.32) 290(9.10) 200(6.27) 819(25.69) 否 779(24.44) 717(22.49) 873(27.38) 2 369(74.31) 是否早产 是 39(1.22) 35(1.10) 38(1.19) 112(3.51) 否 1 069(33.53) 972(30.49) 1 035(32.47) 3 076(96.49) 是否低出生体重 是 46(1.44) 36(1.13) 46(1.44) 128(4.02) 否 1 062(33.31) 971(30.46) 1 027(32.21) 3 060(95.98) 出生后6个月喂养方式 混合喂养 651(20.42) 358(11.23) 203(6.37) 1 212(38.02) 人工喂养 457(14.34) 649(20.36) 870(27.29) 1 976(61.98) 家长喂养知识知晓率(%) ≥60 483(15.15) 415(13.02) 434(13.61) 1 332(41.78) < 60 625(19.60) 592(18.57) 639(20.04) 1 856(58.22) 
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表 2 Hb检测及贫血患病情况(x±s)
Table 2. Hemoglobin testing and the prevalence of anemia(x±s)
年龄组
(岁)男性 女性 合计 受检人数
(人)Hb(g/dl) 贫血检出率
(%)受检人数
(人)Hb(g/dl) 贫血检出率
(%)受检人数
(人)Hb(g/dl) 贫血检出率
(%)6~ 565 115.87±13.99 28.14 543 114.28±13.91 31.31 1 108 115.09±13.97 29.69 12~ 510 116.93±14.49 27.06 497 115.58±15.52 30.58 1 007 116.27±15.01 28.80 18~24 563 120.79±13.78 18.65 510 119.55±14.08 18.63 1 073 120.2±13.93 18.64 合计 1 638 117.89±14.23 24.54 1 550 116.43±14.66 26.90 3 188 117.18±14.46 25.69
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表 3 贫血患病状况的单因素分析
Table 3. Univariate analysis of the prevalence of anemia
因素 调查数 检出率(%) χ2值 P值 儿童月龄(月) 42.339 < 0.001 6~ 1 108 29.69 12~ 1 007 28.80 18~24 1 073 18.64 儿童民族 22.073 < 0.001 汉族 2 594 25.13 藏族 319 35.42 东乡族 146 17.81 回族 129 21.71 主要照顾者 9.797 0.020 母亲 2 040 27.35 父亲 22 31.82 祖父母/外祖父母 1 117 22.65 其他 9 11.11 对喂养知识的知晓率 24.163 < 0.001 < 60% 1 856 22.47 ≥60% 1 332 30.18 出生6个月后喂养方式 53.553 < 0.001 混合喂养 1 212 32.92 人工喂养 1 976 21.26 营养包服用方式 12.105 0.007 添加到温的食物中 1 771 26.76 添加到烫的食物中 304 17.43 冲调成液体状 1 102 26.23 其他 11 27.27
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表 4 贫血患病状况的多因素分析
Table 4. Multivariate analysis of the prevalence of anemia
因素 β χ2值 Wald值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 儿童月龄(月) 24.020 < 0.001 6~ 1.000 12~ 0.423 0.111 14.532 < 0.001 1.527(1.228~1.899) 18~24 0.509 0.108 22.258 < 0.001 1.664(1.347~2.055) 儿童民族 28.550 < 0.001 汉族 1.000 藏族 -0.204 0.244 0.699 0.403 0.816(0.506~1.315) 东乡族 0.591 0.256 5.352 0.021 1.807(1.095~2.982) 回族 -0.252 0.312 0.654 0.419 0.777(0.422~1.432) 对喂养知识的知晓率(以“＜60%”为参照) 0.387 0.088 19.082 < 0.001 1.472(1.237~1.751) 出生6个月后喂养方式(以“混合喂养”为参照) -0.410 0.092 19.639 < 0.001 0.664(0.554~0.796) 营养包服用方式 8.751 0.033 加到温的食物中 1.000 加到烫的食物中 0.199 0.707 0.079 0.778 1.221(0.305~4.883) 冲调成液体状 -0.199 0.723 0.076 0.783 0.820(0.199~3.381) 其他 0.311 0.707 0.195 0.659 1.366(0.342~5.455)
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