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摘要:
目的 调查老年人电子健康素养及影响因素。 方法 从济南市随机抽取24个社区,采用电子健康素养量表调查1 201名老年人。采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,使用Logistic回归分析模型进行多因素分析。 结果 1 201名老年人电子健康素养合格率11.1%。多因素分析显示,小学及以下受教育程度(OR=4.50,95% CI:1.924~10.530,P=0.001)、家庭养老(OR=3.08,95% CI:1.326~7.165,P=0.009)、自评健康较差(OR=2.12,95% CI:1.022~4.406,P=0.044)、自评生活压力较大(OR=4.09,95% CI:1.686~9.938,P=0.002)是老年人电子健康素养的危险因素;城镇户籍(OR=0.52,95% CI:0.337~0.815,P=0.004)、照顾孙子女以本人为主(OR=0.43,95% CI:0.273~0.682,P < 0.001)、城市基本医保/新农合医保(OR=0.22,95% CI:0.047~0.998,P=0.05)、商业性医保(OR=0.10,95% CI:0.019~0.552,P=0.008)、父母健在(OR=0.44,95% CI:0.264~0.719,P=0.001)是老年人电子健康素养的保护因素。 结论 户籍类型、受教育程度、医疗保险类型、照顾孙子女方式、养老方式、自评健康状况、父母健在情况、自评生活压力是老年人电子健康素养的影响因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors associated with the health literacy of the elderly. Methods 24 communities were randomly selected from Jinan City, and 1 201 elderly people were surveyed by the eHealth literacy scale. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis was performed using binary Logistic regression. Results The qualification rate of eHealth literacy among 1 201 older adults was 11.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that primary school education and below (OR=4.50, 95% CI: 1.924-10.530, P=0.001), family pension (OR=3.08, 95% CI: 1.326-7.165, P=0.009), poor self-rated health (OR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.022-4.406, P=0.044), great self-rated life pressure (OR=4.09, 95% CI: 1.686-9.938, P=0.002) were risk factors for eHealth literacy in the elderly; urban household registration (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.337-0.815, P=0.004), the main person to taking care of grandchildren (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.273-0.682, P < 0.001), urban basic medical insurance or NCMS medical insurance (OR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.047-0.998, P=0.05), commercial medical insurance (OR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.019-0.552, P=0.008) and the parents being alive (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.264-0.719, P=0.001) were protective factors for the elderly eHealth literacy. Conclusion The type of household registration, the level of education, the type of medical insurance, the way of caring for grandchildren, the way of providing for the elderly, the self-rated of health status, with the parents being alive, and the self-rated life pressure are the influencing factors of the eHealth literacy of the elderly. -
Key words:
- Elderly /
- eHealth literacy /
- Health education /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 老年人电子健康素养影响因素的单因素分析[n(%)]
Table 1. Univariate analysis of influential factors of eHealth literacy in the elderly[n(%)]
项目 电子健康素养 χ2值 P值 不合格 合格 性别 3.387 0.066 男 488(87.1) 72(12.9) 女 580(90.5) 61(9.5) 户籍类型 48.730 < 0.001 城镇 251(78.4) 69(21.6) 农村 817(92.7) 64(7.3) 是否患慢性病 6.006 0.014 否 579(86.9) 87(13.1) 是 489(91.4) 46(8.6) 受教育程度 81.356 < 0.001 小学及以下 672(94.4) 40(5.6) 初中 281(84.9) 50(15.1) 高中/中专 96(77.4) 28(22.6) 大学/大专及以上 19(55.9) 15(44.1) 医疗保险类型 17.870 < 0.001 城市基本医保/新农合医保 974(89.2) 118(10.8) 商业性医疗保险 33(71.7) 13(28.3) 无 61(96.8) 2(3.2) 养老保险类型 8.118 0.017 城市/农村基本养老保险 889(88.6) 114(11.4) 商业性养老保险 27(77.1) 8(22.9) 无 152(93.3) 11(6.7) 居住情况 6.159 0.046 与子女同住 378(91.5) 35(8.5) 与子女同城不同居 538(86.8) 82(13.2) 与子女异地 152(90.5) 16(9.5) 照顾孙子女方式 15.944 < 0.001 以本人照顾为主 184(81.4) 42(18.6) 以子女照顾为主 884(90.7) 91(9.3) 养老方式 15.103 0.002 养老院 80(81.6) 18(18.4) 家庭养老 865(90.5) 91(9.5) 社区居家养老 91(86.7) 14(13.3) 互助养老 32(76.2) 10(23.8) 家庭经济水平 22.427 < 0.001 较差 323(95.0) 17(5.0) 一般 643(87.5) 92(12.5) 较好 102(81.0) 24(19.0) 自评健康状况 18.197 < 0.001 较差 248(95.4) 12(4.6) 一般 442(89.1) 54(10.9) 较好 378(84.9) 67(15.1) 父母健在情况 22.030 < 0.001 父母健在 130(78.3) 36(21.7) 父母已故 938(90.6) 97(9.4) 自评生活压力 13.339 0.001 压力较大 153(95.0) 8(5.0) 压力一般 457(90.5) 48(9.5) 压力较小 458(85.6) 77(14.4) 表 2 老年人电子健康素养影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influential factors of eHealth literacy in the elderly
项目 β值 sx值 Wald χ2值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 户籍类型 农村 1.000 城镇 -0.646 0.225 8.214 0.524(0.337~0.815) 0.004 慢性病患病情况 无慢性病 1.000 患有慢性病 -0.401 0.211 3.614 0.669(0.443~1.012) 0.057 受教育程度 大学/大专及以上 1.000 小学及以下 1.504 0.434 12.031 4.501(1.924~10.530) 0.001 初中 0.704 0.418 2.839 2.023(0.891~4.590) 0.092 高中/中专 0.550 0.441 1.554 1.733(0.730~4.117) 0.213 医疗保险类型 无医疗保险 1.000 城市基本医保/
新农合医保-1.533 0.781 3.851 0.216(0.047~0.998) 0.050 商业性医保 -2.282 0.861 7.028 0.102(0.019~0.552) 0.008 养老保险类型a 0.371 0.831 居住地点a 3.862 0.145 照顾孙子女方式 以子女照顾为主 1.000 以本人照顾为主 -0.840 0.233 12.963 0.432(0.273~0.682) < 0.001 养老方式 互助养老 1.000 养老院 0.607 0.515 1.390 1.835(0.669~5.034) 0.238 家庭养老 1.126 0.430 6.845 3.083(1.326~7.165) 0.009 社区居家养老 0.651 0.524 1.548 1.918(0.687~5.353) 0.213 家庭经济水平a 2.390 0.303 自评健康状况 较好 1.000 较差 0.752 0.373 4.071 2.122(1.022~4.406) 0.044 一般 -0.066 0.225 0.087 0.936(0.603~1.454) 0.768 父母健在情况 父母已故 1.000 父母健在 -0.832 0.256 10.554 0.435(0.264~0.719) 0.001 自评生活压力 压力较小 1.000 压力较大 1.409 0.453 9.697 4.093(1.686~9.938) 0.002 压力一般 0.438 0.228 3.685 1.550(0.991~2.425) 0.055 常量 2.222 1.056 4.422 9.222 0.035 注:a表示该变量各分组数据差异均无统计学意义,相关数据未列出。 -
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