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摘要:
目的 探究孕早期妇女不良饮食因素与抑郁的关系。 方法 对7 976名参与中国孕产妇队列研究协和项目并在2017年7月25日-2018年7月24日纳入的孕早期妇女进行研究;采用χ2检验描述两组的基线分布差异;在孕早期分别采用定性食物频率测量法和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表测量妇女的饮食摄入频率和抑郁状况;采用Log-binomial回归分析饮食与抑郁的关联性,计算现患比(prevalence ratio,PR)及其95%可信区间(95% confidence interval,95% CI)。 结果 Log-binomial回归结果显示,孕早期饮食规律(PR=0.45,95% CI:0.38~0.54,P < 0.001)、经常吃早餐(PR=0.80,95% CI:0.72~0.90,P < 0.001)的孕妇有较低的抑郁发生风险;而妊娠早期经常食用油炸食品(PR=1.25,95% CI:1.03~1.53,P=0.027)、西式快餐(PR=1.36,95% CI:1.06~1.74,P=0.015)、膨化食品(PR=1.37,95% CI:1.11~1.70,P=0.003),经常饮用含糖饮料(PR=1.37,95% CI:1.17~1.61,P < 0.001)和葡萄酒(PR=1.60,95% CI:1.26~2.01,P < 0.001)、饮用白酒(PR=1.26,95% CI:1.00~1.59,P=0.047)的孕妇则有较高的抑郁发生风险。 结论 孕早期不良饮食因素与抑郁存在关联性,孕妇应主动了解健康饮食方式,减少不健康饮食的摄入频率,以减少妊娠期间抑郁的发生。 Abstract:Objective To explore the association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Methods 7 976 women in early pregnancy were recruited and analyzed in this study from the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS) from July 25th, 2017 to July 24th, 2018. Differences of baseline characteristics between the two groups were conducted by a chi-square test. The qualitative food frequency questionnaire and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale were used to assess depression status and food intake frequency during the first trimester respectively. Log-binomial regression was used to analyze the relationship between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results Eating regularly (PR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.38-0.54, P < 0.001) and eating breakfast frequently (PR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.90, P < 0.001) were related to the low incidence of depression while frequent consumption of fried food (PR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.03-1.53, P=0.027), Western-style fast food (PR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74, P=0.015) and puffed food (PR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70, P=0.003) as well as drinking sugar-sweetened beverage (PR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61, P < 0.001), wine (PR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.26-2.01, P < 0.001) and liqueur (PR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.00-1.59, P=0.047) were linked with the high incidence of depression. Conclusions There might be an association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Pregnant women should take the initiative to better understand what are healthy diets and reduce the frequency of unhealthy diets consumption to decrease the incidence of depression during pregnancy. -
Key words:
- Early pregnancy /
- Diet /
- Depression
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表 1 7 976名孕早期妇女基本特征[n(%)]
Table 1. The characteristics of 7 976 pregnant women in the first trimester [n(%)]
特征 样本量
(n=7 976)抑郁
(n=2 002)非抑郁
(n=5 974)χ2/Z值 P值 年龄(岁) -4.505 < 0.001 < 25 1 264(15.8) 399(19.9) 865(14.5) 25~ 3 830(48.0) 925(46.2) 2 905(48.6) 30~ 2 060(25.8) 494(24.7) 1 566(26.2) ≥35 822(10.4) 184(9.2) 638(10.7) 家庭年收入(万元) -2.982 0.003 < 5 882(11.1) 244(12.2) 638(10.7) 5~ 1 887(23.8) 497(24.9) 1 390(23.4) 10~ 1 948(24.6) 495(24.8) 1 453(24.5) ≥15 3 214(40.5) 756(38.0) 2 458(41.4) 家庭成员数(人) -2.290 0.022 1~ 2 542(32.0) 610(30.6) 1 932(32.5) 3~ 3 632(45.8) 905(45.4) 2 727(45.9) ≥5 1 760(22.2) 479(24.0) 1 281(21.6) 民族划分 1.346 0.246 汉族 7 491(93.9) 1 891(94.5) 5 600(93.7) 少数民族 485(6.1) 111(5.5) 374(6.3) 户口类型 7.667 0.006 非农业户口 3 615(45.3) 854(42.7) 2 761(46.2) 农业户口 4 361(54.7) 1 148(57.3) 3 213(53.8) 生活地区 7.185 0.007 北方 4 729(59.3) 1 136(56.7) 3 593(60.1) 南方 3 247(40.7) 866(43.3) 2 381(39.9) 文化程度 -6.278 < 0.001 初中及以下 1 223(15.3) 364(18.2) 859(14.4) 高中 1 830(22.9) 502(25.1) 1 328(22.2) 大学 4 471(56.1) 1 064(53.1) 3 407(57.0) 硕士研究生及以上 452(5.7) 72(3.6) 380(6.4) 职业分类 20.454 < 0.001 无业 2 306(28.9) 657(32.8) 1 649(27.6) 机关、政事企负责人 822(10.3) 200(10.0) 622(10.4) 专业技术人员 1 238(15.5) 298(14.9) 940(15.7) 商业、服务业人员 1 583(19.8) 365(18.2) 1 218(20.4) 其他从业人员 2 027(25.4) 482(24.1) 1 545(25.9) 表 2 976名妇女孕早期不良饮食情况
Table 2. Condition of unhealthy food consumption in early pregnancy of 7 976 women
饮食因素 样本量
[n(%)]饮食因素 样本量
[n(%)]饮食规律 膨化食品食用频率 不规律 1 224(15.3) 偶尔 7 584(95.1) 偶尔 5 829(73.1) 经常 188(2.4) 规律 778(9.8) 不清楚 204(2.6) 不清楚 145(1.8) 碳酸饮料饮用频率 早餐食用频率 很少 6 727(84.3) 偶尔 698(8.8) 偶尔 935(11.7) 经常 7 056(88.4) 经常 314(3.9) 不清楚 222(2.8) 含糖饮料饮用频率 油炸食品食用频率 很少 6 428(80.6) 偶尔 7 498(94.0) 偶尔 1 126(14.1) 经常 245(3.1) 经常 422(5.3) 不清楚 233(2.9) 葡萄酒饮用频率 西式快餐食用频率 很少 7 753(97.2) 偶尔 7 660(96.0) 偶尔 124(1.6) 经常 118(1.5) 经常 99(1.2) 不清楚 198(2.5) 最近30 d饮用啤酒 甜点食用频率 否 7 723(96.8) 偶尔 7 199(90.3) 是 253(3.2) 经常 509(6.4) 最近30 d饮用白酒 不清楚 268(3.4) 否 7 858(98.5) 是 118(1.5) 表 3 孕早期不良饮食因素与抑郁关系的单因素与多因素分析
Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy
饮食习惯 抑郁[n(%)] 非抑郁[n(%)] Model 1a Model 2b PR(95% CI) 值 P值 PR(95% CI) 值 P值 饮食规律 不规律 485(24.2) 739(12.4) 1.00 1.00 偶尔 1 350(67.4) 4 479(75.0) 0.58(0.54~0.64) < 0.001 0.64(0.58~0.70) < 0.001 规律 125(6.2) 653(10.9) 0.41(0.34~0.48) < 0.001 0.45(0.38~0.54) < 0.001 早餐食用频率 偶尔 254(12.7) 444(7.4) 1.00 1.00 经常 1 677(83.8) 5 379(90.0) 0.65(0.59~0.73) < 0.001 0.80(0.72~0.90) < 0.001 油炸食品食用频率 偶尔 1 821(91.0) 5 677(95.0) 1.00 1.00 经常 103(5.1) 142(2.4) 1.73(1.49~2.02) < 0.001 1.25(1.03~1.53) 0.027 西式快餐食用频率 偶尔 1 873(93.6) 5 787(96.9) 1.00 1.00 经常 63(3.1) 55(0.9) 2.18(1.84~2.60) < 0.001 1.36(1.06~1.74) 0.015 甜点食用频率 偶尔 1 749(87.4) 5 450(91.2) 1.00 1.00 经常 168(8.4) 341(5.7) 1.36(1.19~1.55) < 0.001 1.11(0.96~1.29) 0.163 膨化食品食用频率 偶尔 1 842(92.0) 5 742(96.1) 1.00 1.00 经常 90(4.5) 98(1.6) 1.97(1.69~2.30) < 0.001 1.37(1.11~1.70) 0.003 碳酸饮料饮用频率 很少 1 588(79.3) 5 139(86.0) 1.00 1.00 偶尔 291(14.5) 644(10.8) 1.32(1.19~1.46) < 0.001 1.20(1.07~1.34) 0.002 经常 123(6.1) 191(3.2) 1.66(1.44~1.92) < 0.001 1.13(0.93~1.37) 0.221 含糖饮料饮用频率 很少 1 493(74.6) 4 935(82.6) 1.00 1.00 偶尔 343(17.1) 783(13.1) 1.31(1.19~1.45) < 0.001 1.22(1.09~1.36) < 0.001 经常 166(8.3) 256(4.3) 1.69(1.49~1.92) < 0.001 1.37(1.17~1.61) < 0.001 葡萄酒饮用频率 很少 1 900(94.9) 5 853(98.0) 1.00 1.00 偶尔 47(2.3) 77(1.3) 1.55(1.23~1.94) < 0.001 1.31(1.05~1.64) 0.018 经常 55(2.7) 44(0.7) 2.27(1.89~2.72) < 0.001 1.60(1.26~2.01) < 0.001 近30 d饮用啤酒 否 1 925(96.2) 5 798(97.1) 1.00 1.00 是 77(3.8) 176(2.9) 1.22(1.01~1.48) 0.040 1.01(0.83~1.24) 0.920 近30 d饮用白酒 否 1 955(97.7) 5 903(98.8) 1.00 1.00 是 47(2.3) 71(1.2) 1.60(1.28~2.01) < 0.001 1.26(1.00~1.59) 0.047 注:a表示单因素分析,未控制其它变量,计算粗PR值。b表示多因素分析,在Model 1基础上,将所调查的不良饮食因素, 以及年龄、家庭年收入、家庭成员数、户口类型、生活地区、文化程度、职业因素纳入回归模型,进一步计算校正PR值。 -
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