西藏藏族孕产妇产前检查次数与低出生体重儿的关联

德穷; 吴俣; 张育彤; 刘珏; 刘民

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.11.010

西藏藏族孕产妇产前检查次数与低出生体重儿的关联

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.11.010

德穷¹,
吴俣²,
张育彤¹,
刘珏²,
刘民^2, ,

1.
850000 拉萨, 拉萨市妇幼保健院
2.
100191 北京, 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 51408205

国家自然科学基金 71874003

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘民, E-mail: liumin@bjmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-20
- 修回日期: 2019-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-10

Study on the association between prenatal examinations of Tibetan pregnant women and low birth weight infants

DE Qiong¹,
WU Yu²,
ZHANG Yu-tong¹,
LIU Jue²,
LIU Min^{2
, ,}

1.
Lhasa Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
2.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51408205

National Natural Science Foundation of China 71874003

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Min, E-mail: liumin@bjmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解西藏藏族孕产妇产前检查次数与低出生体重儿的关联，为提高产前保健质量、减少低出生体重儿的发生提供参考。方法选取2012年1月-2018年12月在西藏拉萨市某医院分娩的藏族产妇及新生儿为研究对象，收集所有单胎活产分娩孕产妇的基础资料、分娩资料及新生儿出生资料。采用Logistic回归模型对孕产妇产前检查次数与其分娩的新生儿出生体重进行关联性分析。结果 5 563例孕产妇，规范产前检查率为10.48%。孕产妇所分娩新生儿中，低出生体重儿占11.32%。随着孕产妇产检次数的增加，新生儿低出生体重率呈现下降趋势（χ²=14.57，P=0.002）。多因素Logistic回归模型显示，在控制了孕产妇年龄、胎儿性别、分娩方式、胎儿窒息等因素后，未接受产前检查和接受1~2次产前检查的孕产妇分娩的低出生体重儿发生率分别是接受规范产前检查孕产妇的1.41倍（95% CI：1.00~1.98）和2.34倍（95% CI：1.09~5.02）。结论西藏藏族孕产妇接受规范的产前检查的比例较低，存在较高的低出生体重儿的发生风险。建议加强少数民族地区的妇幼保健工作质量，保障母婴安全。
- 低出生体重儿 /
- 产前保健 /
- 产前检查
Abstract: Objective To understand the relationship between the number of prenatal examination during pregnancy in Tibetan mothers and low birth weight infants, and to provide reference for improving the quality of antenatal care and reducing the incidence of low birth weight infants. Methods Tibetan women and newborns who gave birth in a hospital in Lhasa, Tibet from January 2012 to December 2018 were selected as research objects. The basic data, delivery materials and newborn data of all single births were collected. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the number of maternal prenatal examinations and the birth weight of the newborn. Results In 5 563 pregnant women, the prenatal check-up rate was 10.48%. Among the newborns, low birth weight accounted for 11.32%. With the increase in the number of maternal births, the neonatal low birth weight rate showed a downward trend (χ²=14.57, P=0.002). Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that after controlling for maternal age, fetal gender, mode of delivery, fetal asphyxia and other confounding factors, the number of low prenatal examinations was still related to the occurrence of low birth weight infants. The incidence of low birth weight infants who gave birth to antenatal check-ups and 1-2 prenatal visits was 1.41 times (95% CI: 1.00-1.98) and 2.34 times (95% CI: 1.09-5.02) higher than those who received standardized prenatal checkups. Conclusions Tibetan pregnant women receive a lower proportion of standardized prenatal examination and there is a higher risk of low birth weight infants. It is recommended to strengthen the quality of maternal and child health care work in minority areas to ensure maternal and child safety.
- Low birth weight infants /
- Antenatal care /
- Prenatal checkup

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图 1 孕产妇不同产前检查次数与低出生体重率

Figure 1. Different maternal prenatal examinations and low birth weight rates

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表 1 研究对象基本特征

Table 1. Basic characteristics of the research object

研究对象基本特征	例数(n)	占比(%)
孕产妇
年龄(岁)^a
≤20	365	6.57
21~	1 741	31.32
26~	1 956	35.19
31~	1 001	18.01
>35	495	8.91
职业
无业	4 804	86.36
农民	382	6.87
牧民	71	1.28
职工	306	5.50
新生儿
性别
男	2 890	51.95
女	2 673	48.05
窒息程度
无窒息	5 418	97.39
轻度窒息	88	1.58
重度窒息	57	1.02
出生体重(g)
< 2 500	630	11.32
2 500~	4 838	86.97
≥4 000	95	1.71
注：^a数据缺失5例(0.09%)

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表 2 不同特征孕产妇的产前检查情况[n(%)]

Table 2. Prenatal examination of pregnant women with different characteristics[n(%)]

孕产妇	例数	未接受产前检查(%)	接受产前检查(%)	接受规范产前检查(%)
合计	5 563	46(0.83)	5 517(99.17)	583(10.48)
年龄(岁)^a
≤20	365	6 (1.64)	359(98.36)	23(6.30)
21~	1 741	16(0.92)	1 725(99.08)	183(10.51)
26~	1 956	12(0.61)	1 944(99.39)	237(12.12)
31~	1 001	5(0.50)	996(99.50)	98(9.79)
>35	495	7(1.41)	488(98.59)	41(8.28)
职业
无业	4 804	45(0.94)	4 813(99.06)	415(8.64)
农民	382	0(0.00)	388(100.00)	97(25.00)
牧民	71	1(1.41)	70(98.59)	6(8.45)
职工	306	0(0.00)	306(100.00)	65(21.24)
孕次(次)
1	2 178	19(0.87)	2 159(99.13)	268(12.30)
>1	3 385	27(0.80)	3 358(99.20)	315(9.31)
产次(次)
1	2 266	19(0.84)	2 247(99.16)	280(12.36)
>1	3 297	27(0.82)	3 270(99.18)	303(9.19)
分娩方式
顺产	4 639	45(0.97)	4 594(99.03)	449(9.68)
剖宫产	924	1(0.11)	923(99.89)	134(14.50)
注：^a数据缺失5例(0.09%)。

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表 3 孕产妇产前检查次数与低出生体重儿发生率的关联性分析

Table 3. Correlation analysis between the number of maternal prenatal examinations and the incidence of low birth weight infants

产前检查	活产数	低出生体重儿(%)	单因素模型		多因素模型
产前检查	活产数	低出生体重儿(%)	OR(95% CI)值	P值	OR(95% CI)值	P值
未接受产前检查^a	46(0.83)	10 (21.74)	2.29(1.09~4.84)	0.030	2.34(1.09~5.02)	0.030
1~2次^a	646(11.61)	96 (14.86)	1.44(1.03~2.02)	0.035	1.41(1.00~1.98)	0.050
3~4次	4 288(77.08)	461(10.75)	0.99(0.75~1.31)	0.968	1.01(0.76~1.33)	0.972
接受规范产前检查	583(10.48)	63 (10.81)	1.00		1.00
合计	5 563(100.00)	630(11.32)
注：^aP < 0.05，多因素模型控制了孕产妇年龄、胎儿性别、胎儿窒息程度、分娩方式等因素

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