深圳和太原PM<sub>2.5</sub>金属元素分析与致癌风险评价

胡辛楠; 王荀; 徐新云; 黄海燕; 耿红; 郑凯; 王冰玉

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.11.024

深圳和太原PM_2.5金属元素分析与致癌风险评价

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.11.024

胡辛楠¹,
王荀²,
徐新云^1, ,,
黄海燕¹,
耿红³,
郑凯^{1, 4},
王冰玉^{1, 4}

1.
518055 深圳, 深圳市疾病预防控制中心环境与健康所
2.
518172 深圳, 深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科
3.
030006 太原, 山西大学环境科学研究所
4.
421001 衡阳, 南华大学公共卫生学院预防医学系

基金项目:

深圳市科技研发基础研究项目 JCYJ2017 0413101713324

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通讯作者:
徐新云, E-mail: xyxu2008@163.com

中图分类号: R122
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-31
- 修回日期: 2019-08-05
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-10

Metal elements analysis and risk assessment of carcinogenicity on PM_2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan

HU Xin-nan¹,
WANG Xun²,
XU Xin-yun^{1
, ,},
HUANG Hai-yan¹,
GENG Hong³,
ZHENG Kai^{1, 4},
WANG Bin-yu^{1, 4}

1.
Institute of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
2.
Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518172, China
3.
Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
4.
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China

Funds:

Basic Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee JCYJ2017 0413101713324

More Information

Corresponding author: XU Xin-yun, E-mail: xyxu2008@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的对深圳和太原细颗粒物（particulate matter 2.5，PM_2.5）进行金属元素分析和致癌风险评价。方法采集2017-2018年深圳和太原PM_2.5样品，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry，ICP-MS）对PM_2.5中10种金属元素浓度进行测量，并采用美国环境保护署（U.S Environmental Protection Agency，EPA）推荐的人体健康风险评估模型评价其健康风险。结果 2017-2018年深圳PM_2.5中金属元素浓度排序：铝>铅>锰>铬>铜>钒>砷>镍>镉>钴，浓度分别是1 807.67、31.02、30.63、17.37、17.32、11.59、6.98、4.76、2.24和2.20 ng/m³；太原2017-2018年PM_2.5中金属元素浓度排序：铝>锰>铅>铬>铜>砷>镍>钒>镉>钴，浓度分别是2 817.64、91.04、63.33、26.56、24.69、11.82、10.39、4.46、3.42和1.01 ng/m³；深圳与太原PM_2.5中铅、锰、砷、镍浓度差异具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05），其余金属浓度两市间差异无统计学意义。风险评估结果显示，深圳和太原5种致癌金属的致癌风险总和均>1.00×10^-4，太原PM_2.5中5种金属致癌风险（3.79×10^-4）大于深圳（2.44×10^-4）。5种致癌金属中铬致癌风险最高（>1.00×10^-4），砷、镍、镉的致癌风险为1.00×10^-6~1.00×10^-4，铅的致癌风险<1.00×10^-6。结论深圳和太原PM_2.5中部分金属元素对人体存在一定程度的致癌风险，需要高度重视并采取预防控制措施。
- PM_2.5 /
- 金属元素 /
- 环境污染 /
- 风险评价 /
- 致癌性
Abstract: Objective To conduct metal elements analysis and risk assessment of carcinogenicity on Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan. Methods PM_2.5 samples were collected in Shenzhen and Taiyuan from 2017 to 2018. Ten heavy metal elements in PM_2.5 samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Health risk assessment was conducted using the recommended United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) model. Results Metal elements found in PM_2.5 samples from Shenzhen included (in decreasing order of concentration) Al, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu, V, As, Ni, Cd and Co. Their levels were 1 807.67, 31.02, 30.63, 17.37, 17.32, 11.59, 6.98, 4.76, 2.24, 2.20 ng/m³, respectively. Metal elements in PM_2.5 samples from Taiyuan included Al, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Ni, V, Cd and Co. Their levels were 2 817.64, 91.04, 63.33, 26.56, 24.69, 11.82, 10.39, 4.46, 3.42, 1.01 ng/m³, respectively. There were significant differences among Pb, Mn, As, Ni levels between Shenzhen and Taiyuan (all P<0.05), but remaining metal element levels did not show significant differences between Shenzhen and Taiyuan. Risk assessment data showed that the total risk from five carcinogenic metal elements in Taiyuan and Shenzhen were more than 1.00×10^-4 and the total risk from five carcinogenic metal elements of Taiyuan(3.79×10^-4) was higher than Shenzhen(2.44×10^-4). Among five carcinogenic metal elements, Cr had the highest carcinogenicity risk (>1.00×10^-4), then followed by As, Ni and Cd (1.00×10^-6-1.00×10^-4). Pb had the lowest risk (<1.00×10^-6). Conclusion Some of the metal elements in PM_2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan have carcinogenicity risk. Further researches and measures for prevention and control should be considered.
- PM_2.5 /
- Metal element /
- Environmental pollution /
- Risk assessment /
- Carcinogenicity

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表 1 2017-2018年深圳和太原PM_2.5中金属元素浓度

Table 1. Metal elements concentration in PM_2.5 collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan from 2017 to 2018

金属浓度^a (ng/m³)	深圳			太原
金属浓度^a (ng/m³)	2017	2018	2年合并	2017	2018	2年合并
铅Pb	33.28(26.01~45.36)	28.76(26.65~30.74)	31.02(26.01~45.36)	56.94(51.78~59.59)	69.73(61.61~74.76)	63.33^b(51.78~74.76)
锰Mn	42.53 (26.73~72.36)	18.73 (18.37~19.73)	30.63 (18.37~72.36)	106.53 (73.48~154.30)	75.54 (67.11~81.51)	91.04^c (67.11~154.30)
铝Al	1 577.15 (1 134.23~1 851.67)	2 038.20 (1 997.72~2 074.09)	1 807.67 (1 134.23~2 074.09)	4 117.70 (2 922.42~6 014.44)	1 517.59 (1 337.21~1 715.07)	2 817.64 (1 337.21~6 014.44)
砷As	7.26(5.38~11.02)	6.69(6.40~7.06)	6.98(5.38~11.02)	9.66(8.95~10.35)	13.99(13.03~15.56)	11.82^d(8.95~15.56)
铬Cr	28.99(15.61~54.01)	5.75(5.60~5.96)	17.37(5.60~54.01)	30.09(27.01~32.77)	23.02(14.77~35.79)	26.56(14.77~35.79)
镍Ni	6.82(3.70~8.53)	2.70(2.54~2.79)	4.76(2.54~8.53)	12.45(10.45~13.99)	8.33(5.82~13.28)	10.39^e(5.82~13.99)
镉Cd	1.19(1.01~2.83)	2.56(1.11~5.46)	2.24(1.01~5.46)	3.08(1.83~4.88)	3.75(2.92~4.54)	3.42(1.83~4.88)
钴Co	3.45(1.83~6.60)	0.95(0.88~1.01)	2.20(0.88~6.60)	1.59(0.97~2.51)	0.43(0.34~0.55)	1.01(0.97~2.51)
钒V	21.22(19.43~24.67)	1.97(1.94~2.01)	11.59(1.94~24.67)	7.08(4.79~11.03)	1.84(1.69~1.92)	4.46(1.69~11.03)
铜Cu	20.98(11.89~39.15)	13.65(12.65~14.31)	17.32(11.89~39.15)	27.72(25.06~29.27)	21.66(16.83~24.53)	24.69(16.83~29.27)
注：^a表示括号中数据是最低浓度至最高浓度的浓度区间；^b表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.882，P=0.004；^c表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.722，P=0.006；^d表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.402，P=0.016；^e表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.242，P=0.025。

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表 2 深圳和太原PM_2.5中金属的致癌风险

Table 2. Carcinogenic risk of metals in PM_2.5 in Shenzhen and Taiyuan

金属	深圳			太原
金属	2017	2018	2年合并	2017	2018	2年合并
铅Pb(×10^-7)	3.99(3.12~5.44)	3.45(3.20~3.69)	3.72(3.12~5.44)	6.83(6.21~7.15)	8.37(7.39~8.97)	7.60(6.21~8.97)
砷As(×10^-5)	3.21(2.31~4.74)	2.88(2.75~3.04)	3.00(2.31~4.74)	4.15(3.85~4.45)	6.02(5.60~6.69)	5.08(3.85~6.69)
铬Cr(×10^-4)	3.48(1.87~6.48)	6.90(6.72~7.15)	2.08(6.72~6.48)	3.61(3.24~3.93)	2.76(1.77~4.29)	3.19(1.77~4.29)
镍Ni(×10^-6)	1.77(0.96~2.22)	0.70(0.66~0.73)	1.24(0.66~2.22)	3.24(2.72~3.64)	2.17(1.15~3.45)	2.70(1.51~3.64)
镉Cd(×10^-6)	2.14(1.82~5.09)	4.61(2.00~9.83)	4.03(1.82~9.83)	5.54(3.29~8.78)	6.75(5.26~8.17)	6.16(3.29~8.78)
合计(×10^-4)	3.83(2.14~7.03)	1.03(0.98~1.13)	2.44(0.93~7.08)	4.12(3.69~4.51)	3.46(2.41~5.09)	3.79(2.21~5.10)

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金属浓度^a (ng/m³)	深圳			太原
金属浓度^a (ng/m³)	2017	2018	2年合并	2017	2018	2年合并
铅Pb	33.28(26.01~45.36)	28.76(26.65~30.74)	31.02(26.01~45.36)	56.94(51.78~59.59)	69.73(61.61~74.76)	63.33^b(51.78~74.76)
锰Mn	42.53 (26.73~72.36)	18.73 (18.37~19.73)	30.63 (18.37~72.36)	106.53 (73.48~154.30)	75.54 (67.11~81.51)	91.04^c (67.11~154.30)
铝Al	1 577.15 (1 134.23~1 851.67)	2 038.20 (1 997.72~2 074.09)	1 807.67 (1 134.23~2 074.09)	4 117.70 (2 922.42~6 014.44)	1 517.59 (1 337.21~1 715.07)	2 817.64 (1 337.21~6 014.44)
砷As	7.26(5.38~11.02)	6.69(6.40~7.06)	6.98(5.38~11.02)	9.66(8.95~10.35)	13.99(13.03~15.56)	11.82^d(8.95~15.56)
铬Cr	28.99(15.61~54.01)	5.75(5.60~5.96)	17.37(5.60~54.01)	30.09(27.01~32.77)	23.02(14.77~35.79)	26.56(14.77~35.79)
镍Ni	6.82(3.70~8.53)	2.70(2.54~2.79)	4.76(2.54~8.53)	12.45(10.45~13.99)	8.33(5.82~13.28)	10.39^e(5.82~13.99)
镉Cd	1.19(1.01~2.83)	2.56(1.11~5.46)	2.24(1.01~5.46)	3.08(1.83~4.88)	3.75(2.92~4.54)	3.42(1.83~4.88)
钴Co	3.45(1.83~6.60)	0.95(0.88~1.01)	2.20(0.88~6.60)	1.59(0.97~2.51)	0.43(0.34~0.55)	1.01(0.97~2.51)
钒V	21.22(19.43~24.67)	1.97(1.94~2.01)	11.59(1.94~24.67)	7.08(4.79~11.03)	1.84(1.69~1.92)	4.46(1.69~11.03)
铜Cu	20.98(11.89~39.15)	13.65(12.65~14.31)	17.32(11.89~39.15)	27.72(25.06~29.27)	21.66(16.83~24.53)	24.69(16.83~29.27)
注：^a表示括号中数据是最低浓度至最高浓度的浓度区间；^b表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.882，P=0.004；^c表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.722，P=0.006；^d表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.402，P=0.016；^e表示深圳和太原2年合并比较，U=2.242，P=0.025。

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深圳和太原PM_2.5金属元素分析与致癌风险评价

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.11.024

通讯作者:
徐新云, E-mail: xyxu2008@163.com

计量

Metal elements analysis and risk assessment of carcinogenicity on PM_2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan

Corresponding author: XU Xin-yun, E-mail: xyxu2008@163.com

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留言板

深圳和太原PM2.5金属元素分析与致癌风险评价

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.11.024

通讯作者: 徐新云, E-mail: xyxu2008@163.com

计量

出版历程

Metal elements analysis and risk assessment of carcinogenicity on PM2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan

Corresponding author: XU Xin-yun, E-mail: xyxu2008@163.com

计量

出版历程

目录

深圳和太原PM_2.5金属元素分析与致癌风险评价

通讯作者:
徐新云, E-mail: xyxu2008@163.com

Metal elements analysis and risk assessment of carcinogenicity on PM_2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan