Analysis of the differences of spousal notification among HIV discordant couples in two key areas of AIDS epidemic in Sichuan Province
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摘要:
目的 调查分析成都市和凉山州艾滋病单阳家庭配偶告知情况及其影响因素。 方法 采用自行设计的问卷调查单阳家庭感染者的基本情况、配偶告知情况及可能的影响因素,统计学方法采用χ2检验、t检验、Logistic回归分析模型等。 结果 艾滋病病毒感染者及病人(persons living with HIV/AIDS, PLWHA)的配偶告比例为86.5%(735/850),其中凉山为84.3%(462/548),成都90.4(273/302),两地差异有统计学意义(χ2 =6.174, P=0.013)。影响因素分析结果显示:在成都,不知晓艾滋病知识(OR=4.962, 95% CI: 1.592~15.465, P=0.006)、确诊时间在2016-2017年及2018-2019年(OR=9.057, 95% CI: 1.110~73.926, P=0.040; OR=27.746, 95% CI: 3.625~212.392, P=0.001)的PLWHA告知比例更低;在凉山,其他民族(OR=8.195, 95% CI: 3.489~19.244, P < 0.001)、初中文化程度(OR=2.393, 95% CI: 1.248~4.590, P=0.009)、未合并感染(OR=16.146, 95% CI: 2.178~119.692, P=0.006)的PLWHA告知比例更低,家庭内子女数量≥3个(OR=0.325, 95%CI:0.128~0.830, P=0.019)、最近1个月与配偶性行为2~4次(OR=0.513, 95% CI: 0.288~0.912, P=0.023)的PLWHA告知比例更高。 结论 凉山配偶告知比例低于成都,可能与不同地区人口学特征、相关知识知晓程度、合并感染其他性传播疾病、及家庭关系等因素相关。建议各地因地制宜采取相关措施促进配偶告知,预防艾滋病家庭内传播。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the situation of partner notification and its influencing factors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sero-discordant couples in Liangshan and Chengdu. Methods Using a self-designed questionnaire, HIV sero-discordant couples were surveyed to understand their individual situations, partner notification circumstances and possible influencing factors, etc. The chi-square test, t test, and binary Logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results The partner notification rate of the persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) was 86.5% (735/850), specifically 90.40% in Chengdu and 84.31% in Liangshan. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.174, P=0.013). Analysis of the influencing factors showed that the proportion of partner notification was lower among the PLWHAs with little awareness of HIV knowledge (OR=4.962, 95% CI: 1.592-15.465, P=0.006) and PLWHAs who were diagnosed in 2016 or later (OR=9.057, 95% CI: 1.110-73.926, P=0.040; OR=27.746, 95% CI: 3.625-212.392, P=0.001) in Chengdu. However, in Liangshan, PLWHAs with these characteristics were less likely to notify partners of their infection status, including ethnic minority (OR=8.195, 95% CI:3.489-19.244, P < 0.001), junior high school education (OR=2.393, 95% CI:1.248-4.590, P=0.009), without co-infections (OR=16.146, 95% CI: 2.178-119.692, P=0.006), while PLWHAs with the following characteristics were more likely to notify partners, including having 3 or more children in the family (OR=0.325, 95% CI: 0.128-0.830, P=0.019), and having 2-4 sexual intercourse with partner in the recent month (OR=0.513, 95% CI: 0.288-0.912, P=0.023; OR=0.449). Conclusions The partner notification rate in Liangshan was lower than that in Chengdu, which may be related to factors such as demographic characteristics of different regions, awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, co-infection with other sexually transmitted diseases, and family relationships, etc. It suggested that different areas should take relevant measures according to local conditions to promote spousal notification, and to prevent intra-familiar transmission of HIV. -
表 1 成都和凉山艾滋病单阳家庭配偶告知情况比较[n (%)]
Table 1. Comparison of spousal notification situation between Chengdu and Liangshan HIV sero-discordant couples [n (%)]
变量 成都 凉山 总数 已告知 未告知 χ2值 P值 总数 已告知 未告知 χ2值 P值 性别 0.541 0.462 1.748 0.186 男 245(81.1) 220(89.8) 25(10.2) 425(77.6) 363(85.4) 62(14.6) 女 57(18.9) 53(93.0) 4(7.0) 123(22.5) 99(80.5) 24(19.5) 年龄(岁) 2.104a 0.147 5.889 0.208 <30 17(5.6) 16(94.1) 1(5.9) 87(15.9) 73(83.9) 14(16.1) 30~ 65(21.5) 61(93.8) 4(6.2) 225(41.1) 181(80.4) 44(19.6) 40~ 95(31.5) 86(90.5) 9(9.5) 133(24.3) 115(86.5) 18(13.5) 50~ 89(29.5) 79(88.8) 10(11.2) 57(10.4) 52(91.2) 5(8.8) ≥60 36(11.9) 31(86.1) 5(13.9) 46(8.4) 41(89.1) 5(10.9) 民族 0.431b 1.000 11.032 0.001 汉族 298(98.7) 269(90.3) 29(9.7) 135(24.6) 126(93.3) 9(6.7) 其他 4(1.3) 4(100.0) 0(0.0) 413(75.4) 336(81.4) 77(18.6) 文化程度 1.574 0.455 4.032a 0.045 小学及以下 76(25.2) 66(86.8) 10(13.2) 450(82.1) 386(85.8) 64(14.2) 初中 127(42.1) 117(92.1) 10(7.9) 90(16.4) 70(77.8) 20(22.2) 高中/中专及以上 99(32.8) 90(90.9) 9(9.1) 8(1.5) 6(75.0) 2(25.0) 职业c 1.929 0.587 0.930b 0.909 农民 111(36.8) 103(92.8) 8(7.2) 524(95.6) 442(84.4) 82(15.6) 工人/民工 59(19.5) 51(86.4) 8(13.6) 7(1.3) 6(85.7) 1(14.3) 个体户/商业服务 55(18.2) 49(89.1) 6(10.9) 1(0.2) 1(100.0) 0(0.0) 其他或不详 77(25.5) 70(90.9) 7(9.1) 16(2.9) 13(81.2) 3(18.8) HIV确诊时间(年) 24.800a <0.001 2.789 0.255 ≤2015 109(36.1) 108(99.1) 1(0.9) 221(40.3) 144(85.1) 77(34.8) 2016-2017 102(33.8) 94(92.2) 8(7.8) 177(32.3) 143(80.8) 34(19.2) 2018-2019 91(30.1) 71(78.0) 20(22.0) 150(27.4) 131(87.3) 19(12.7) 户籍所在地 0.206 0.650 0.662 0.600 本县区 165(54.6) 148(89.7) 17(10.3) 519(94.7) 436(84.0) 83(16.0) 非本区县 137(45.4) 125(91.2) 12(8.8) 29(5.3) 26(89.7) 3(10.3) 最可能的感染途径 0.136 b 0.934 4.358 0.113 性接触 222(73.5) 201(90.5) 21(9.5) 347(63.3) 284(81.8) 63(18.2) 注射毒品 1(0.3) 1(100.0) 0(0.0) 119(21.7) 105(88.2) 14(11.8) 其他 79(26.2) 71(89.9) 8(10.1) 82(15.0) 73(89.0) 9(11.0) 得知感染后1年内连续外出超过1个月 1.921 0.388 11.687 0.001 是 17(5.6) 17(100.0) 0(0.0) 256(46.7) 202(78.9) 54(21.1) 否 285(94.4) 256(89.8) 29(10.2) 292(53.3) 260(89.0) 32(11.0) 家庭内子女数量(个) 0.744 0.864 11.586a 0.001 0 20(6.6) 18(90.0) 2(10.0) 34(6.2) 24(70.6) 10(29.4) 1 201(66.6) 183(91.0) 18(9.0) 81(14.8) 63(77.8) 18(22.2) 2 71(23.5) 63(88.7) 8(11.3) 173(31.6) 144(83.2) 29(16.8) ≥3 10(3.3) 9(90.0) 1(10.0) 260(47.5) 231(88.8) 29(11.2) 是否有生育打算 0.219 1.000 2.824 0.093 是 16(5.3) 15(93.8) 1(6.3) 113(20.6) 90(79.6) 23(20.4) 否 286(94.7) 258(90.2) 28(9.8) 435(79.4) 372(85.5) 63(14.5) 艾滋病知识知晓情况 9.121 0.012 1.525 0.217 知晓 286(94.7) 262(91.6) 24(8.4) 489(89.2) 409(83.6) 80(16.4) 不知晓 16(5.3) 11(68.8) 5(31.3) 59(10.8) 53(89.8) 6(10.2) 最近1个月与配偶性行为频次(次) 4.063 0.104 4.042a 0.044 ≤1 200(66.2) 176(88.0) 24(12.0) 278(50.7) 226(81.3) 52(18.7) 2~ 89(29.5) 85(95.5) 4(4.5) 203(37.0) 176(86.7) 27(13.3) ≥5 13(4.3) 12(92.3) 1(7.7) 67(12.2) 60(89.6) 7(10.4) 最近1年是否接受过同伴教育 0.595 0.440 2.907 0.088 是 135(44.7) 124(91.9) 11(8.1) 389(71.0) 334(85.9) 55(14.1) 否 167(55.3) 149(89.2) 18(10.8) 159(29.0) 128(80.5) 31(19.5) 最近1年是否接受过心理疏导 2.056 0.152 0.875 0.452 是 212(70.2) 195(92.0) 17(8.0) 517(94.3) 434(83.9) 83(16.1) 否 90(29.8) 78(86.7) 12(13.3) 31(5.7) 28(90.3) 3(9.7) 是否有合并感染 0.012 0.911 13.981 <0.001 是 91(30.1) 82(90.1) 9(9.9) 78(14.2) 77(98.7) 1(1.3) 否 211(69.9) 191(90.5) 20(9.5) 470(85.8) 385(81.9) 85(18.1) 注:a表示趋势χ2检验;b表示Fisher’s确切概率法;c表示凉山地区职业分类在合理的合并后进行统计学分析。 表 2 成都和凉山艾滋病单阳家庭配偶告知多因素分析
Table 2. Multi-factor Analysis of Spouse Notification among HIV Sero-discordant Couples in Chengdu and Liangshan
变量 β值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 成都 知识知晓程度 知晓 1.000 不知晓 1.602 4.962(1.592~15.465) 0.006 HIV确诊时间 ≤2015 1.000 2016-2017 2.204 9.057(1.110~73.926) 0.040 2018-2019 3.323 27.746(3.625~212.392) 0.001 凉山 民族 汉族 1.000 其他 2.103 8.195(3.489~19.244) < 0.001 文化程度 小学及以下 1.000 初中 0.873 2.393(1.248~4.590) 0.009 高中或中专 1.393 4.026(0.649~24.973) 0.135 家庭内子女数量 0 1.000 1 -0.244 0.783(0.288~2.130) 0.633 2 -0.371 0.69(0.268~1.778) 0.442 ≥3 -1.123 0.325(0.128~0.830) 0.019 得知感染后最近1个月,与配偶性行为发生频次(次) ≤1 1.000 2~ -0.668 0.513(0.288~0.912) 0.023 ≥5 -0.800 0.449(0.180~1.123) 0.087 是否有合并感染情况 是 1.000 否 2.782 16.146(2.178~119.692) 0.006 -
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