Cohort study on the impact of nutrient supplement use during pregnancy on anemia in pregnant women
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摘要:
目的 探讨中国妊娠期妇女营养素补充剂的使用情况和妊娠合并贫血的关系。 方法 采用自行设计的妊娠期营养素补充剂使用情况调查问卷,对“中国孕产妇队列研究·协和”项目中的孕妇进行调查,随访收集研究对象营养素补充剂的使用情况和妊娠合并贫血的诊断情况,采用Logistic线性回归分析模型对数据进行关联性分析。 结果 共纳入研究对象3 321例。妊娠合并贫血的发生率为14.0%。Logistic线性回归分析模型结果显示,与全妊娠期使用叶酸的孕妇相比,未坚持全妊娠期使用叶酸的孕妇,更容易发生贫血(OR=1.362,95% CI:1.096~1.691, P=0.005)。 结论 未坚持全妊娠期使用叶酸是妊娠合并贫血的危险因素,应鼓励孕妇在全妊娠期持续地使用叶酸以降低贫血的发生风险。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between the use of nutrient supplements and anemia in pregnant women in China. Methods A self-designed questionnaire on the use of nutrient supplements during pregnancy was used on pregnant women in the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study. The use of nutrient supplements and the diagnosis of anemia during pregnancy were followed up and the data were analyzed by Logistic liner regression model. Results A total of 3 321 subjects were included in the study. The incidence of anemia with pregnancy was 14.0%. The results of Logistic liner regression model showed that compared with the women who used folic acid throughout pregnancy, those who did not use folic acid throughout pregnancy were more likely to have anemia (OR=1.362, 95% CI: 1.096-1.691, P=0.005). Conclusions Failure in continuous use of folic acid throughout pregnancy is a risk factor for anemia in pregnancy. Pregnant women should be encouraged to use folic acid throughout pregnancy to reduce the risk of anemia. -
Key words:
- Pregnant women /
- Pregnancy /
- Nutrient supplements /
- Anemia /
- Cohort study
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表 1 3 321名研究对象的社会人口学特征[n(%)]
Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of 3 321 participants [n(%)]
基线特征 研究对象 贫血 χ2值 P值 是
(n=465)否
(n=2 856)年龄组(岁) 2.131 0.546 <25 525(15.81) 65(13.98) 460(16.11) 25~ 1 668(50.23) 232(49.89) 1 436(50.28) 30~ 809(24.36) 123(26.45) 686(24.02) ≥35 319(9.61) 45(9.68) 274(9.59) 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 2.442 0.486 <18.5 413(12.44) 53(11.40) 360(12.61) 18.5~ 2 101(63.26) 305(65.59) 1 796(62.89) 24.0~ 639(19.24) 89(19.14) 550(19.26) ≥28.0 168(5.06) 18(3.87) 150(5.25) 民族 1.271 0.260 汉族 3 143(94.64) 435(93.55) 2 708(94.82) 少数民族 178(5.36) 30(6.45) 148(5.18) 户口类型 2.284 0.131 城镇 1 536(46.25) 200(43.01) 1 336(46.78) 农村 1 785(53.75) 265(56.99) 1 520(53.22) 文化程度 5.884 0.117 初中及以下 453(13.64) 75(16.13) 378(13.24) 高中 680(20.48) 105(22.58) 575(20.13) 大专/本科 1 984(59.74) 255(54.84) 1 729(60.54) 硕士及以上 204(6.14) 30(6.45) 174(6.09) 职业 2.113 0.715 无业 949(28.58) 133(28.60) 816(28.57) 机关、企业或单位人员a 634(19.09) 78(16.77) 556(19.47) 商业、服务业人员 647(19.48) 93(20.00) 554(19.40) 专业技术人员 554(16.68) 82(17.63) 472(16.53) 其他 537(16.17) 79(16.99) 458(16.04) 家庭年收入(万元) 4.234 0.120 <10 1 160(34.93) 180(38.71) 980(34.31) 10~ 1 249(37.61) 172(36.99) 1 077(37.71) ≥20 912(27.46) 113(24.30) 799(27.98) 地域 27.442 <0.001 北方 1 901(57.24) 318(68.39) 1 583(55.43) 南方 1 420(42.76) 147(31.61) 1 273(44.57) 地区 54.000 <0.001 东部 1 330(40.05) 252(54.19) 1 078(37.75) 中部 1 135(34.18) 98(21.08) 1 037(36.31) 西部 856(25.78) 115(24.73) 741(25.95) 注:a包括国家机关、事业单位及企业的工作人员或办事员。 表 2 孕妇妊娠期营养素补充剂使用情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Use of nutrient supplements during pregnancy [n(%)]
变量 研究对象 贫血 χ2值 P值 是
(n=465)否
(n=2 856)叶酸 7.760 0.021 全妊娠期未使用 119(3.58) 19(4.09) 100(3.50) 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1 975(59.47) 301(64.73) 1 674(58.61) 全妊娠期使用 1 277(36.95) 145(31.18) 1 082(37.89) 复合维生素 0.494 0.781 全妊娠期未使用 694(20.90) 100(21.51) 594(20.80) 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1 799(54.17) 255(54.84) 1 544(54.06) 全妊娠期使用 828(24.93) 110(23.66) 718(25.14) 维生素D 3.506 0.173 全妊娠期未使用 901(27.13) 141(30.32) 760(26.61) 未坚持全妊娠期使用 2 076(62.51) 283(60.86) 1 793(62.78) 全妊娠期使用 344(10.36) 41(8.82) 303(10.61) 钙 2.091 0.352 全妊娠期未使用 149(4.49) 25(5.38) 124(4.34) 未坚持全妊娠期使用 2 427(73.08) 328(70.54) 2 099(73.49) 全妊娠期使用 745(22.43) 112(24.09) 633(22.16) DHA 5.511 0.064 全妊娠期未使用 1 288(38.78) 189(40.65) 1 099(38.48) 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1 764(53.12) 251(53.98) 1 513(52.98) 全妊娠期使用 269(8.10) 25(5.38) 244(8.54) 膳食纤维 3.409 0.182 全妊娠期未使用 1 828(55.04) 238(51.18) 1 590(55.67) 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1 365(41.10) 209(44.95) 1 156(40.48) 全妊娠期使用 128(3.85) 18(3.87) 110(3.85) 益生菌 3.450 0.178 全妊娠期未使用 1 713(51.58) 234(50.32) 1 479(51.92) 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1 429(43.03) 213(45.81) 1 216(42.58) 全妊娠期使用 179(5.39) 18(3.87) 161(5.64) 表 3 妊娠期营养素补充剂使用情况与贫血关系的多因素Logistic线性回归分析模型分析
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic liner regression model analysis of the relationship between the use of nutrient supplement and anemia during pregnancy
变量 贫血 OR(95% CI)值 P值 叶酸 全妊娠期使用 1.000 全妊娠期未使用 1.464(0.864~2.480) 0.156 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1.362(1.096~1.691) 0.005 复合维生素 全妊娠期使用 1.000 全妊娠期未使用 1.182(0.871~1.518) 0.283 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1.060(0.829~1.357) 0.641 维生素D 全妊娠期使用 1.000 全妊娠期未使用 1.273(0.872~1.858) 0.211 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1.109(0.847~1.425) 0.564 钙 全妊娠期使用 1.000 全妊娠期未使用 1.053(0.651~1.703) 0.832 未坚持全妊娠期使用 0.857(0.678~1.084) 0.198 DHA 全妊娠期使用 1.000 全妊娠期未使用 1.503(0.961~2.352) 0.074 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1.517(0.980~2.348) 0.061 膳食纤维 全妊娠期使用 1.000 全妊娠期未使用 0.916(0.543~1.544) 0.741 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1.119(0.662~1.893) 0.674 益生菌 全妊娠期使用 1.000 全妊娠期未使用 1.447(0.869~2.411) 0.156 未坚持全妊娠期使用 1.552(0.929~2.591) 0.093 -
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