Correlation analysis of 0-6 years old children's disability and mother's health conditions before and during pregnancy
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摘要:
目的 了解甘肃省0~6岁儿童在视力、听力、肢体、智力、孤独症以及多重残疾等6类残疾的患病情况,并分析母亲孕前及孕期健康状况等相关因素与儿童残疾的相关性。 方法 从甘肃省0~6岁儿童残疾筛查项目数据库中提取2017年1月1日-2017年12月31日数据并进行整理,采用Logistic回归分析模型对数据进行分析。 结果 203名(6.64‰)儿童被确诊为残疾,其中男童128名,现患率为7.2‰,女童75名,现患率为5.86‰。Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示与儿童残疾相关的因素有12个,其中最主要的因素有早产自娩、既往分娩缺陷、孕前6个月服用过促进排卵药物、孕期疾病史有慢性呼吸系统疾病、居住地周围有排放环境污染物的化工厂及矿场、食用腌晒食品>350 g/周、室内经常有人吸烟(均为P < 0.05)。 结论 肢体残疾、智力残疾和视力残疾为重点预防残疾种类;母亲孕前、孕期的健康状况和生活习惯与儿童残疾的发生有关,提示女性应当注重孕期健康和饮食习惯,预防儿童残疾的发生。 Abstract:Objective To understand the prevalence of six types of disabilities in children aged 0-6 in Gansu Province, including vision, hearing, limbs, intelligence, autism, and multiple disabilities, and to analyze the correlation between maternal health status before and during pregnancy and child disability. Methods Data were from the disability screening project for children aged 0-6 years in Gansu Province. After obtaining the data, the data was cleaned first, and finally logistic regression model was applied to analyze the data. Results A total of 203 (6.64‰) children in the project were diagnosed with the disability. The prevalence rate among boys and girls was 7.2‰ (128) and 5.86‰ (75), respectively. The results of Logistic regressive model analysis showed that there were 12 factors related to children's disability. The most important factors were premature delivery and self-delivery, previous birth defects, taking ovulation-promoting drugs 6 months before pregnancy, chronic respiratory diseases with a history of illness during pregnancy, surrounded by chemical plants and mines that discharge environmental pollutants, eating pickled sun-dried foods >350 g/week, and people often smoking indoors (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Physical disability, intellectual disability, and visual disability are the key types of disability preventions. A mother's health status and habits before pregnancy and during pregnancy will affect her child's disability. It is suggested that women should pay attention to their health and eating habits during pregnancy to prevent the occurrence of child disability. -
Key words:
- Disability /
- Children aged 0-6 years /
- Influencing factors /
- Maternal health
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表 1 2017年甘肃省儿童残疾患病率
Table 1. Prevalence of children's disability in Gansu Province in 2017
变量 合计(人) 正常人数(人) 残疾人数(人) 残疾患病率(‰) χ2值 P值 性别 3.61 0.261 男 17 783 17 655 128 7.20 女 12 788 12 713 75 5.86 年龄(岁) 34.76 0.031 0 1 930 1 910 20 10.36 1 6 422 6 400 22 3.43 2 4 401 4 378 23 5.23 3 5 025 4 999 26 5.17 4 4 560 4 526 34 7.46 5 4 720 4 684 36 7.63 6 3 513 3 471 42 11.96 合计 30 571 30 368 203 6.64 表 2 2017年甘肃省母亲孕前及孕期相关因素与儿童残疾的单因素分析
Table 2. Single factor analysis of maternal pre-pregnancy and pregnancy related factors and children's disability in Gansu Province in 2017
变量 总人数(n=30 571) 残疾人数(n=203) 正常人数(n=30 368) χ2值 P值 生产方式 78.381 < 0.001 足月顺产 27 020 140 26 880 难产 33 0 33 剖宫分娩 3 162 48 3 114 早产自娩 356 15 341 文化程度 20.36 0.001 文盲 394 9 385 小学 3 848 36 3 810 初中 18 747 106 18 641 高中/中专/技校 5 103 44 5 059 大专 1 590 4 1 586 大学及以上 889 4 885 婚姻状况 20.388 0.001 未婚 312 2 310 初婚 29 652 190 29 462 再婚 490 7 483 离异 81 4 77 丧偶 20 0 20 未婚同居 16 0 16 职业是否农民 6.651 0.01 否 5 263 25 5 238 是 25 308 178 25 130 平均月收入(元) 20.782 < 0.001 0~ 14 723 116 14607 2 000~ 12 716 68 12 648 4 000~ 2 398 11 2 387 6 000~ 734 8 726 月经周期正常规律 5.734 0.017 否 1 121 16 1 105 是 29 450 187 29 263 既往有无药物流产 13.803 < 0.001 无 30 219 194 30025 有 352 9 343 既往有无死胎 8.845 0.003 无 30 444 199 30 245 有 127 4 123 既往有无死产 36.133 < 0.001 无 30 502 198 30 304 有 69 5 64 既往有无分娩缺陷 72.115 < 0.001 无 30 498 181 30 317 有 73 22 51 摄入鱼肉(g/周) 7.277 0.026 从未 4 222 40 4 182 ≤350 22 731 143 22 588 >350 3 618 20 3 598 摄入腌晒食品(g/周) 27.351 < 0.001 从未 6 646 35 6 611 ≤350 22 918 147 22 771 >350 1 007 21 986 饮水类型 纯净水 3 144 20 3 124 63.252 < 0.001 自来水 23 805 130 23 675 井水 2 615 27 2 588 溪水、河水 912 20 892 沟塘湖水 95 6 89 居住地 16.048 < 0.001 市区 3 693 16 3 677 郊区 1 353 2 1 351 乡镇 25 525 185 25 340 生活环境有污染的化工厂及矿场 10.688 0.001 否 30 355 197 30 158 是 216 6 210 取暖方式 36.911 < 0.001 集中暖气 9 565 35 9 530 用电 341 6 335 太阳能 64 0 64 天然气 176 1 175 烧煤 20 425 161 20 264 做饭燃料 28.788 < 0.001 天然气 4 733 11 4 722 煤 12 277 88 12 189 电磁炉 8 748 72 8 676 柴 3 799 22 3 777 其他 1 014 10 1 004 做饭时油烟情况 50.604 < 0.001 无烟 9 775 40 9 735 少许 18 752 129 18 523 较多 1 707 33 1 674 很多 337 1 336 居住/工作环境是否有人吸烟 29.232 < 0.001 否 21 236 113 21 123 偶尔 7 222 55 7 167 经常 2 113 35 2 078 经常体育锻炼 10.956 0.001 否 27 512 165 27 347 是 3 059 38 3 021 职业是否接触有害物质 24.377 < 0.001 否 28 579 170 28 409 是 1 992 33 1 959 婚前医学体检 11.578 0.001 否 16 288 132 16 156 是 14 283 71 14 212 孕前6个月或孕期是否患生殖系感染 28.868 < 0.001 否 8 558 44 8 514 是 19 483 124 19 359 未检测 2 530 35 2 495 孕前6个月是否服用过避孕药物 20.401 < 0.001 否 30 426 197 30 229 是 145 6 139 孕前6个月是否服用过促进排药物 15.141 < 0.001 否 30 395 197 30198 是 176 6 170 是否服用过叶酸类药物 6.164 0.013 否 15 679 128 15 551 是 14 892 75 14 817 怀孕期间是否有过胚胎出血、先兆流产 34.369 < 0.001 否 30 245 191 30 054 是 326 12 314 严重的早孕反应 32.073 < 0.001 否 26 734 153 26 582 是 3 837 50 3 787 孕期是否出现妊娠糖尿病、妊娠高血压、甲亢、肝功能异常、贫血等 38.975 < 0.001 否 30 228 190 30038 是 343 13 330 孕前/孕期使用微波炉 15.524 0.004 从不 5 276 27 5 249 每天 1 071 13 1 058 经常(3~5次/周) 6 259 39 6 220 偶尔(1~2次/周) 17 965 126 17 839 孕前/孕期使用化妆品 9.589 0.019 从不 5 958 20 5 938 每天 1 654 10 1 644 经常(3-5次/周) 8 848 61 8 787 偶尔(1-2次/周) 14 111 112 13 999 孕前/孕期是否染过头发 4.642 0.031 否 29 570 189 29 381 是 1 001 14 987 孕前/孕期有较大的精神创伤 26.048 < 0.001 否 30 482 198 30 284 是 89 5 84 孕前/孕期精神处于压抑状况 6.054 0.014 否 30 414 199 30 215 是 157 4 153 孕前/孕期患慢性呼吸系统疾病 38.955 < 0.001 否 30 441 190 30 251 是 130 13 117 表 3 2017年甘肃省母亲孕前及孕期相关因素与儿童残疾的多因素分析
Table 3. Multi-factor analysis of maternal pre-pregnancy and pregnancy related factors and children's disability in Gansu Province in 2017
变量 β值 sx Wals χ2值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 生产记录 足月顺产 1.000 难产 -15.875 6 866.137 0.000 0.000(0.000) 0.998 剖宫分娩 1.061 0.172 38.229 2.890(2.065~4.046) < 0.001 早产自娩 1.794 0.295 37.118 6.015(3.377~10.713) < 0.001 职业 非农民 1.000 农民 0.449 0.214 4.390 1.567(1.029~2.386) 0.036 平均月收入(元) < 2 000 1.000 2 000~4 000 -0.366 0.151 5.840 0.693(0.515~0.933) 0.016 月经周期正常规律 否 1.000 是 0.538 0.273 3.882 1.712(1.003~2.923) 0.049 既往有无分娩缺陷 否 1.000 是 3.926 0.288 18.979 5.696(2.836~8.128) < 0.001 摄入鱼肉(g/周) 从不吃 1.000 ≤350 -0.505 0.179 7.979 0.604(0.425~0.857) 0.005 >350 -0.899 0.284 10.025 0.407(0.233~0.710) 0.002 摄入腌晒食品(g/周) 从不吃 1.000 ≤350 0.464 0.198 5.484 1.590(1.079~2.345) 0.019 >350 0.846 0.318 7.095 2.331(1.251~4.344) 0.008 居住地周围有排放环境污染物的化工厂及矿场 无 1.000 有 0.798 0.451 3.130 2.222(0.918~5.381) 0.077 长期居住和/或工作的室内环境中有人经常吸烟 无 1.000 偶尔 0.07 0.160 0.192 1.073(0.784~1.467) 0.661 经常 0.305 0.213 2.059 1.357(0.894~2.057) 0.151 经常体育锻炼 否 1.000 是 -0.751 0.185 16.416 0.571(0.371~0.826) < 0.001 婚前医学体检 否 1.000 是 -0.461 0.157 8.592 0.631(0.463~0.858) 0.003 孕前6个月或孕期患生殖系统感染 否 1.000 是 -0.459 0.180 6.484 0.632(0.444~0.900) 0.011 孕前6个月服用过促进排卵药物 否 1.000 是 1.345 0.444 9.159 3.838(1.606~9.170) 0.002 孕期服用过叶酸类药物 否 1.000 是 -0.248 0.147 2.825 0.78(0.585~1.042) 0.093 孕期疾病史有慢性呼吸系统疾病 否 1.000 是 1.915 0.344 30.989 6.786(3.458~13.317) < 0.001 -
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