Long-term trends in unhealthy diet intake among a health examination population in urban Beijing, 2008-2018
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摘要:
目的 描述2008-2018年北京市城区年龄≥20岁体检人群不健康饮食的长期变化趋势，为人群膳食干预提供证据。 方法 以2008-2018年在北京美兆健康体检中心进行体检的人群为研究对象，采用半定量食物频率问卷进行膳食调查，获得北京市城市居民部分不健康饮食信息，包括含糖饮料、油炸类、腌制类食物、方便面及酱油等含盐佐料的日均摄入量，采取Meta回归分析描述其时间变化趋势。 结果 共纳入232 702人次，经性别和年龄标化后，2008-2018年北京城市居民油炸类食物的日均摄入量呈上升趋势，上升幅度为0.23 g/年(P < 0.001)；方便面的日均摄入量呈下降趋势，下降幅度为0.26 g/年(P < 0.001)；含糖饮料和腌制食物摄入量有下降趋势(均有P < 0.05)，酱油等含盐佐料变化无统计学意义(P=0.073)，除腌制类食物上述趋势在男女性中均表现为低年龄组变化趋势更明显(均有P < 0.05)。 结论 2008-2018年，北京城市居民不健康饮食摄入存在长期变化趋势，且以年轻人变化更为明显，提示了人群膳食干预的重点。 Abstract:Objective To describe the long-term trends in unhealthy diet intake among a health examination population aged 20 years or older in urban Beijing from 2008 to 2018 and to provide evidence for dietary intervention. Methods Data were collected from physical examination records at Beijing MJ Health Screening Center from 2008 to 2018. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary information of unhealthy diet, including average daily intake of sugary drinks, fried food, pickled foods, instant noodles, soy sauce and other salted seasoning. Meta regression was used to describe the long-term trends. Results A total of 232 702 person-times were included in the analysis. After standardizing according to gender and age, the average daily intake of fried food of urban residents in Beijing showed an increasing trend from 2008 to 2018, with the increase rate of 0.23 g per year (P < 0.001), while that of instant noodles showed a downward trend, with a decrease rate of 0.26 g per year (P < 0.001). The average daily intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and preserved foods also showed slight downward trends (all P < 0.05), while the change of that of soy sauce and other salted seasoning was not statistical significant (P=0.073). Except for pickled food, the subgroup analysis results showed that trends were more obvious in the younger group in both genders (all P < 0.05). Conclusions From 2008 to 2018, the average daily intake of unhealthy diet among Beijing urban residents has changed and the changes was more evident among young people, suggesting that young people may be the focus of population intervention. -
Key words:
- Physical examination /
- Urban residents /
- Unhealthy diet intake /
- Long-term trends
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图 1 2008-2018北京城市居民不同年龄组不健康饮食摄入的长期变化趋势a
注：a图中相关饮食摄入量的数据按照2010年全国人口普查数据中北京市城镇居民人口的性别和年龄构成进行标准化。
Figure 1. Long-term trends of unhealthy diet intake in different age groups among Beijing urban residents from 2008 to 2018 a
表 1 2008-2018年北京某机构≥20岁体检人群性别年龄分布(%)
Table 1. Gender and age distribution of physical examination population aged 20 years and above in an institution in Beijing from 2008 to 2018 (%)
年份(年) 研究人数(人) 性别 年龄组(岁，%) 高教育程度a 高个人年收入b 男 女 20~ 40~ ≥60 2008 16 131 58.1 41.9 52.3 41.8 5.9 25.6 24.4 2009 17 227 56.1 43.9 50.8 43.6 5.6 26.0 26.4 2010 18 155 57.3 42.7 48.8 44.6 6.6 26.7 29.6 2011 20 348 55.9 44.1 47.4 46.4 6.2 29.1 33.1 2012 25 773 55.0 45.0 43.5 50.1 6.4 27.3 28.9 2013 28 761 54.7 45.3 44.8 48.1 7.1 27.6 28.0 2014 24 581 55.4 44.6 49.4 42.6 8.0 30.2 30.8 2015 22 898 54.1 45.9 51.3 41.1 7.6 30.2 32.6 2016 18 603 52.5 47.5 42.5 48.4 9.1 33.1 37.7 2017 18 426 52.9 47.1 42.4 48.8 8.8 33.7 41.7 2018 21 799 52.7 47.3 41.9 49.7 8.4 30.0 40.7 合计 232 702 54.9 45.1 46.6 46.1 7.3 29.0 32.2 注：a指教育程度为硕士及以上；b指个人年收入≥15万元。 
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表 2 2008-2018北京城市居民部分不健康食物标化日均摄入量及变化情况(x±sx)a
Table 2. The average daily intake and its long-term trends of unhealthy diet among Beijing urban residents from 2008 to 2018 (x±sx)a
年份(年) 含糖饮料(ml/d) 油炸类食物(g/d) 腌制类食物(g/d) 方便面(g/d) 酱油等含盐佐料(g/d) 2008 86.89±1.03 19.03±0.17 5.64±0.06 20.45±0.19 3.22±0.05 2009 88.19±1.02 18.63±0.14 5.32±0.05 18.83±0.12 3.05±0.04 2010 87.42±0.99 18.23±0.13 5.33±0.06 18.76±0.13 3.04±0.04 2011 88.39±1.26 18.51±0.14 5.22±0.05 18.40±0.12 3.17±0.04 2012 87.40±0.96 19.01±0.13 5.27±0.04 18.01±0.10 3.14±0.03 2013 85.47±0.75 19.62±0.13 5.31±0.05 17.83±0.09 3.09±0.03 2014 84.26±0.81 19.51±0.12 5.24±0.05 17.33±0.09 3.01±0.03 2015 83.31±0.82 19.79±0.13 5.08±0.04 17.00±0.09 3.10±0.04 2016 81.30±0.90 20.07±0.14 5.02±0.05 17.11±0.09 3.05±0.03 2017 82.41±0.90 20.39±0.14 5.07±0.05 17.19±0.10 3.08±0.04 2018 82.94±0.86 20.86±0.14 5.06±0.04 17.62±0.10 3.02±0.03 β值 -0.67 0.23 -0.04 -0.26 -0.01 P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 0.073 注：a表格中相关食物摄入量的数据已按照2010年全国人口普查数据中北京市城镇居民人口的性别和年龄构成进行标准化。
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