中老年人BMI与日常生活活动能力关联

李慧琦; 周艳凤; 潘安

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.03.016

中老年人BMI与日常生活活动能力关联

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.03.016

430030 武汉，华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

基金项目:

科技部重点研发计划 2017YFC0907504

详细信息

通讯作者:
潘安，E-mail: panan@hust.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-09
- 修回日期: 2020-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-10

Association of body mass index with activities of daily life among middle-aged and older Chinese

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFC0907504

More Information

Corresponding author: PAN An, E-mail: panan@hust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的探究中国中老年人BMI与工具性日常生活活动能力(instrumental activities of daily living, IADL)之间的关系。方法本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(China health and retirement longitudinal study, CHARLS)2011-2015年的随访数据，剔除基线存在IADL失能者，最终纳入研究对象8 955名。采用二分类Logistic线性回归分析模型分析BMI与IADL失能发生风险的关联。结果经过4年的随访，2 186名(24.41%)研究对象发生IADL失能，其中男性和女性发生率分别为18.79%和29.89%。低体重、正常体重、超重及肥胖组的IADL失能发生率分别为42.64%、25.13%、19.85%和23.49%。与正常体重组相比，低体重、超重及肥胖组IADL失能发生风险的OR值分别为1.381(95% CI: 1.117~1.707, P=0.003)、0.830(95% CI: 0.727~0.948, P=0.006)和0.985(95% CI: 0.819~1.185, P=0.874)。结论与正常体重组相比，中老年人群中低体重与IADL失能的发生呈正向关联，而超重则与IADL失能呈负相关关系，肥胖与IADL失能之间不存在统计学意义。
- BMI /
- 日常生活活动能力 /
- 失能 /
- 队列研究
Abstract: Objective To examine the association between BMI and the incidence of disability assessed by instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among middle-aged and older Chinese. Methods This study was based on the China health and retirement longitudinal study 2011-2015 (baseline to second follow-up visits). After excluding participants with IADL-defined disability at baseline, 8 955 participants were included in the study. Binary Logistic liner regression model was performed to determine the association bewteen BMI and incidence of IADL-defined disability. Results During 4 years of follow-up, 2 186 (24.41%) participants developed disability (18.79% in men and 29.89% in women). The incidence rates of disability were 42.64%, 25.13%, 19.85% and 23.49% in the underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity groups, respectively. Compared with participants with normal weight, the adjusted odds ratio of disability in participants who were underweight, overweight and obese were 1.381 (95% CI: 1.117-1.707, P=0.003)、0.830 (95% CI: 0.727-0.948, P=0.006) and 0.985 (95% CI: 0.819-1.185, P=0.874), respectively. Conclusions Compared with participants with normal weight, underweight was positively associated with risk of disability, and there was an inverse association between overweight and disability, while no significant association was observed between obesity and disability.
- BMI /
- Activities of daily life /
- Disability /
- Cohort study

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图 1 研究对象纳入排除标准及流程

Figure 1. Study diagram of enrollment and exclusion

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图 2 BMI与IADL失能发生风险关联的亚组分析^a

注：^a表中结果调整了年龄、性别、居住地、婚姻状态、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、基线自报患高血压、糖尿病(血糖升高)、慢性肺部疾病、心脏疾病、中风、关节炎或风湿病、抑郁症状、认知功能状态、跌倒和骨折史；^b此处为各分层因素与BMI的交互性P值；^c此处为显著性P值。

Figure 2. Subgroup analyses of association of BMI with IADL disability among study populations^a

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表 1 研究对象的基线特征及4年内发生IADL失能情况比较^a

Table 1. Baseline characteristics and incidence of IADL disability at the end of 4- year follow-up among study populations^a

特征	BMI分组				H值	P值	工具性日常活动能力失能		Z/t/χ²值	P值
特征	低体重	正常体重	超重	肥胖	H值	P值	否	是	Z/t/χ²值	P值
调查人数(名)	523	4 759	2 630	1 043			6 769	2 186
年龄(岁)	63.30±9.39	58.57±8.80	57.10±8.32	56.51±8.50	237.781^b	< 0.001	56.76±8.12	62.54±9.34	-25.096^c	< 0.001
BMI(kg/m²)	17.32±1.09	21.53±1.50	25.74±1.12	30.53±2.94	7367.342^b	< 0.001	23.75±3.69	23.02±3.93	8.585^c	< 0.001
男性	256(48.95)	2 656(55.81)	1 142(43.42)	364(34.90)	152.655^b	< 0.001	3 588 (53.01)	830 (37.97)	149.484^d	< 0.001
农村	466(89.10)	4 022(84.51)	2 013(76.54)	795(76.22)	50.282^b	< 0.001	5 343(78.93)	1 953(89.34)	118.908^d	< 0.001
教育程度					80.999^b	< 0.001			1021.876^d	< 0.001
文盲	181(34.61)	1 114(23.41)	554(21.06)	243(23.30)			1 080(15.96)	1 012(46.29)
小学及以下^e	233(44.55)	2 106(44.25)	1 028(39.09)	413(39.60)			2 915(43.06)	865(39.57)
初中	71(13.58)	1 024(21.52)	680(25.86)	270(25.89)			1 819(26.87)	226(10.34)
高中及以上	38(7.27)	515(10.82)	368(13.99)	117(11.22)			955(14.11)	83(3.80)
婚姻状态					12.067^b	0.007			164.857^d	< 0.001
已婚	447(85.47)	4 190(88.04)	2 413(91.75)	962(92.23)			6 192(91.48)	1 820(83.26)
分居或离异	5(0.96)	67(1.41)	19(0.72)	10(0.96)			88(1.30)	13(0.59)
丧偶	67(12.81)	462(9.71)	194(7.38)	67(6.42)			452(6.68)	338(15.46)
未婚	4(0.76)	40(0.84)	4(0.15)	4(0.38)			37(0.55)	15(0.69)
吸烟状态					102.206^b	< 0.001			60.480^d	< 0.001
从不吸烟	281(53.73)	2 555(53.69)	1 733(65.89)	755(72.39)			3 872(57.20)	1 452(66.42)
现在吸烟	204(39.01)	1 840(38.66)	647(24.60)	186(17.83)			2 311(34.14)	566(25.89)
过去吸烟	38(7.27)	364(7.65)	250(9.51)	102(9.78)			586(8.66)	168(7.69)
饮酒状态					34.046^b	< 0.001			41.952^d	< 0.001
从未饮酒	362(69.22)	3 085(64.82)	1 846(70.19)	793(76.03)			4 489(66.32)	1 597(73.06)
现在饮酒	129(24.67)	1 405(29.52)	634(24.11)	190(18.22)			1 898(28.04)	460(21.04)
过去饮酒	32(6.12)	269(5.65)	150(5.70)	60(5.75)			382(5.64)	129(5.90)
慢性疾病数量(种)					154.101^b	< 0.001			103.085^d	< 0.001
< 1	169(32.31)	1 810(38.03)	856(32.55)	239(22.91)			2 476(36.58)	598(27.36)
1~	270(51.63)	2 391(50.24)	1 286(48.90)	512(49.09)			3 345(49.42)	1 114(50.96)
3	84(16.06)	558(11.73)	488(18.56)	292(28.00)			948(14.01)	474(21.68)
慢性疾病种类
高血压病	58(11.09)	731(15.36)	727(27.64)	470(45.06)	273.042^b	< 0.001	1 406(20.77)	580(26.53)	31.778^d	< 0.001
糖尿病	9(1.72)	157(3.30)	191(7.26)	119(11.41)	22.441^b	< 0.001	341(5.04)	135(6.18)	4.252^d	0.039
慢性肺部疾病	100(19.12)	442(9.29)	201(7.64)	86(8.25)	17.641^b	0.001	556(8.21)	273(12.49)	35.943^d	< 0.001
心脏疾病	52(9.94)	366(7.69)	311(11.83)	186(17.83)	29.310^b	< 0.001	621(9.17)	294(13.45)	32.919^d	< 0.001
中风	7(1.34)	52(1.09)	47(1.79)	28(2.68)	0.746^b	0.862	84(1.24)	50(2.29)	12.273^d	< 0.001
关节炎或风湿病	179(34.23)	1 520(31.94)	843(32.05)	366(35.09)	3.171^b	0.366	2 019(29.83)	889(40.67)	88.557^d	< 0.001
抑郁症状	243(46.46)	1 679(35.28)	774(29.43)	307(29.43)	49.125^b	< 0.001	1 981(29.27)	1 022(46.75)	226.682^d	< 0.001
认知功能评分^f	10.58±3.83	11.64±3.57	12.22±3.50	12.25±3.61	83.877^b	< 0.001	12.38±3.33	9.77±3.80	22.929^c	< 0.001
跌倒和骨折史	90(17.21)	699(14.69)	392(14.90)	156(14.96)	0.901^b	0.825	942(13.92)	395(18.07)	22.440^d	< 0.001
注：^a年龄、BMI及认知功能评分以(x±s)表示，其余均以英文字符表示；^b使用Kruskal-Wallis H检验；^c使用Mann-Whitney U检验；^d使用χ²检验；^e小学及以下包括：未读完小学，但能够读、写；私塾；小学毕业；^f认知功能状态缺失2 039人，慢性疾病种类均为基线调查时自报疾病。

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表 2 不同BMI分组人群IADL各项功能受损情况[n(%)]

Table 2. IADL disability by categories of BMI [n(%)]

功能	BMI分组				合计	χ²值	P值^a
功能	低体重	正常体重	超重	肥胖	合计	χ²值	P值^a
做家务	45(8.60)^b	257(5.40)	133(5.06)	77(7.38)	512(5.72)	16.466	0.001
做饭	43(8.22)^b	254(5.34)	123(4.68)	49(4.7)	469(5.24)	11.758	0.008
购物	42(8.03)^b	249(5.23)	106(4.03)	63(6.04)	460(5.14)	17.430	0.001
理财	62(11.85)	411(8.64)	186(7.07)	83(7.96)	742(8.29)	14.780	0.002
吃药	19(3.63)	136(2.86)	55(2.09)	31(2.97)	241(2.69)	6.204	0.102
打电话	146(27.92)^b	691(14.52)	270(10.27)^b	110(10.55)^b	1 217(13.59)	127.876	< 0.001
IADL^c失能	223(42.64)^b	1 196(25.13)	522(19.85)^b	245(23.49)	2 186(24.41)	125.667	< 0.001
注：^a χ²检验；^b组间的多重比较采用χ²分割法：与正常体重组比较P < 0.05；^c工具性日常生活活动能力(instrumental activities of daily living, IADL)。

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表 3 BMI与IADL失能发生风险关联的Logistic线性回归分析模型分析

Table 3. Association of BMI with IADL disability in Logistic liner regression model

BMI分组	病例数/调查人数(n/N)	模型1^a		模型2^b		模型3^c
BMI分组	病例数/调查人数(n/N)	OR(95% CI)值	P值	OR(95% CI)值	P值	OR(95% CI)值	P值
正常体重	1 196/4 759	1.000		1.000		1.000
低体重	223/523	1.506(1.225~1.850)	< 0.001	1.508(1.226~1.855)	< 0.001	1.381(1.117~1.707)	0.003
超重	522/2 630	0.819(0.721~0.931)	0.002	0.816(0.718~0.928)	0.002	0.830(0.727~0.948)	0.006
肥胖	245/1 043	1.022(0.858~1.217)	0.805	1.016(0.853~1.210)	0.861	0.985(0.819~1.185)	0.874
注：^a模型1：调整了年龄、性别、居住地、婚姻状态和文化程度；^b模型2：在模型1的基础上，进一步调整了吸烟和饮酒；^c模型3：在模型2的基础上，进一步调整基线自报患高血压、糖尿病(血糖升高)、慢性肺部疾病、心脏疾病、中风、关节炎或风湿病、抑郁症状、认知功能状态、跌倒史和骨折史。

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