Research on the direct financial burden on families with 2-6 years old children having autism spectrum disorder in China
-
摘要:
目的 探索学龄前孤独症(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)儿童家庭康复相关的支出。 方法 以中国2~6岁ASD儿童家庭为对象,使用互联网问卷调查其家庭康复情况及支出情况,利用χ2检验和方差分析进行各类支出的组间比较。 结果 调查收集到3 880例2~6岁ASD儿童样本。ASD儿童家庭直接康复干预支出平均7 339.48元/月,折合88 073.76元/年,占家庭总收入85.56%;总支出9 677.87元/月,折合116 134.44元/年,占家庭总收入127.38%。对于低收入家庭来说,其总支出占家庭收入的比重为210%,中等收入为97%,高收入为56%,三组之间差异均有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。对于不同严重程度的ASD儿童来说,低功能儿童的家庭康复干预支出占比更高,为97%(χ2 =8.297, P<0.001)。 结论 ASD儿童家庭经济负担重,尤其是低收入家庭和低功能儿童家庭。 Abstract:Objective To investigate and explore the direct expenditures on health care and intervention of the families of 2-6 years old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Using the questionnaire to investigate the financial cost on Chinese families of 2-6 years old ASD children. Chi square analysis and ANOVA analysis were used to compare the mean values of various expenditures. Results Caregivers of 3 880 ASD children were recruited in 33 Provinces of China.The direct expenditure of intervention is average 7 339.48 Yuan per month (88 073.76 Yuan per year), which accounts for 85.56% of the total household income. The total direct expenditure of intervention is average 9 677.87 Yuan per month (116 134.44 Yuan per year), which accounts for 127.38% of the total household income. To the low-income families, their intervention expenditure's percentage can high up to 210%, along with the middle-income families 97% and the high-income families 56%. The statistical difference is obviously significant (all P < 0.05). Taking the severity of ASD into consideration, the lower the function is, the more the direct intervention exist (97%) (χ2 =8.297, P < 0.001). Conclusion The cost of intervention of ASD children has caused a serious financial burden on their families, especially to the poor and the families with low functioning children. -
Key words:
- Autistic spectrum disorder /
- Children /
- Family expenditures /
- Direct cost
-
表 1 不同功能组和收入组支出类别差异[n (%)]
Table 1. The differences of expenditure categories among different functional groups and income groups [n (%)]
类别 功能组 收入组 合计(n=3 880) 低功能(n=872) 中功能(n=1 479) 高功能(n=611) 无法判断(n=899) χ2值 P值 合计(n=3 880) 低收入(n=1 423) 中等收入(n=1 459) 高收入(n=998) χ2值 P值 干预支出 20.996 < 0.001 8.820 0.012 有 3 513(90.5) 799(91.6) a 1 367(92.4) a 527(86.3) b 820(89.3) ab 3 513(90.5) 1 264(88.8) a 1 328(91.0) ab 921(92.3) b 无 367(9.5) 73(8.4) a 112(7.6) a 84(13.7) b 98(10.7) ab 367(9.5) 159(11.2) a 131(9.0) ab 77(9.7) b 房租支出 55.439 < 0.001 127.514 < 0.001 有 1 778(45.8) 458(52.5) a 706(47.7) ab 205(33.6) c 409(44.6) b 1 778(45.8) 791(55.6) a 664(45.5) b 323(32.4) c 无 2 102(54.2) 414(47.5) a 773(52.3) ab 406(66.4) c 509(55.4) b 2 102(54.2) 632(44.4) a 795(54.5) b 675(67.6) c 交通支出 15.647 0.001 5.823 0.054 有 2 770(71.4) 632(72.5) a 1 088(73.6) a 398(65.1) b 652(71.0) a 2 770(71.4) 1 010(71.0) 1 019(69.8) 741(74.2) 无 1 110(28.6) 240(27.5) a 391(26.4) a 213(34.9) b 266(29.0) a 1 110(28.6) 413(29.0) 440(30.2) 257(25.8) 保姆看护支出 9.905 0.019 24.375 < 0.001 有 327(8.4) 70(8.0) ab 139(9.4) b 62(10.1) b 56(6.1) a 327(8.4) 96(6.7) a 110(7.5) a 121(12.1) b 无 3 553(91.6) 802(92.0) ab 1 340(90.6) b 549(89.9) b 862(93.9) a 3 553(91.6) 1 327(93.3) a 1 349(92.5) a 877(87.9) b 其他支出 12.461 0.006 13.123 0.001 有 1 692(43.6) 382(43.8) ab 689(46.6) b 235(38.5) a 386(42.0) ab 1 692(43.6) 663(46.6) a 638(43.7) ab 391(39.2) b 无 2 188(56.4) 490(52.2) ab 790(53.4) b 376(61.5) a 532(58.0) ab 2 188(56.4) 760(53.4) a 821(56.3) ab 607(60.8) b 注:abc : 若存在相同字母,则之间差异无统计学意义。 表 2 不同功能组家庭支出金额及支出占比差异比较(x±s)
Table 2. Comparison of the amount and proportion of household expenditure in different functional groups (x±s)
类别 合计 低功能 中功能 高功能 无法判断 F值 P值 月干预支出(元) 7 339.48±6 902.44 7 007.01±6 336.31 a 7 136.23±6 275.88 ab 8 027.87±6 928.57 b 7 589.23±8 260.21 ab 3.053 0.027 月房租支出(元) 1 833.53±1 820.44 1 717.28±1 619.33 a 1 777.19±1 815.34 a 2 283.51±2 272.57 b 1 848.25±1 759.98 a 5.050 0.002 月交通支出(元) 625.64±724.89 519.41±482.00 a 623.34±798.26 b 788.84±820.05 c 635.7±713.05 b 11.400 < 0.001 月保姆看护支出(元) 3 857.98±2 570.77 3 027.14±1 702.42 a 3 891.42±2 447.33 ab 4 534.68±3 139.0 b 4 064.29±2 852.96 ab 4.112 0.007 月其他支出(元) 2 230.78±2 274.75 2 093.61±2 013.54 a 2 159.31±2 163.21 a 2 649.7±3 179.15 b 2 247.42±2 018.65 ab 3.359 0.018 月总支出(元) 9 677.87±8 536.45 9 155.98±7 935.24 9 633.57±7 816.87 10 370.62±9 615.08 9 868.37±9 425.63 2.418 0.064 年干预支出占家庭总收入比重 0.86±1.15 0.97±1.25 a 0.83±1.03 b 0.67±1.09 c 0.92±1.26 a 8.297 < 0.001 年房租支出占家庭总收入比重 0.29±0.58 0.30±0.44 0.28±0.59 0.32±0.98 0.29±0.40 0.384 0.764 年交通支出占家庭总收入比重 0.09±0.27 0.08±0.15 0.09±0.37 0.08±0.26 0.09±0.12 0.515 0.672 年保姆看护占家庭总收入比重 0.41±0.40 0.36±0.27 0.45±0.44 0.31±0.33 0.47±0.45 2.637 0.050 年其他支出占家庭总收入比重 0.31±0.45 0.35±0.50 0.29±0.43 0.28±0.41 0.32±0.44 1.635 0.179 年总支出占家庭总收入的比重 1.27±2.10 1.41±2.29a 1.26±2.30 a 0.98±1.41 b 1.36±1.93 a 5.349 0.001 注:abc : 若存在相同字母,则之间差异无统计学意义。 表 3 不同收入组家庭支出金额及支出占比差异比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of the amount and proportion of household expenditure in different income groups (x±s)
类别 合计 低收入 中等收入 高收入 F值 P值 月干预支出(元) 7 339.48±6 902.44 5 767.10±6 287.39 a 7 090.45±6 767.34 b 9 886.78±7 189.84 c 99.753 < 0.001 月房租支出(元) 1 833.53±1 820.44 1 452.34±1 421.90 a 1 755.22±1 367.37 b 2 928.04±2 812.02 c 83.416 < 0.001 月交通支出(元) 625.64±724.89 509.62±722.90 a 585.10±579.42 b 839.54±851.68 c 48.395 < 0.001 月保姆看护支出(元) 3 857.98±2 570.77 3 068.31±1 970.52 a 3 179.10±1 635.84 a 5 101.65±3 157.29 b 25.975 < 0.001 月其他支出(元) 2 230.78±2 274.75 1 872.29±1 646.85 a 2 182.87±2 077.36 b 2 916.80±3 176.44 c 26.959 < 0.001 月总支出(元) 9 677.87±8 536.45 7 766.04±7 182.51 a 9 368.48±8 031.06 b 12 850.83±9 992.31 c 103.984 < 0.001 年干预支出占家庭总收入比重 0.86±1.15 1.35±1.66 a 0.68±0.56 b 0.41±0.36 c 231.856 < 0.001 年房租支出占家庭总收入比重 0.29±0.58 0.44±0.82 a 0.19±0.15 b 0.13±0.10 b 51.693 < 0.001 年交通支出占家庭总收入比重 0.09±0.27 0.15±0.43 a 0.06±0.06 b 0.04±0.04 b 46.039 < 0.001 年保姆看护占家庭总收入比重 0.41±0.40 0.76±0.54 a 0.33±0.16 b 0.20±0.14 c 87.799 < 0.001 年其他支出占家庭总收入比重 0.31±0.45 0.48±0.62 a 0.23±0.23 b 0.13±0.14 c 99.610 < 0.001 年总支出占家庭总收入比重 1.27±2.10 2.10±3.18 a 0.97±0.88 b 0.56±0.45 c 188.340 < 0.001 注:abc : 若存在相同字母,则之间差异无统计学意义。 -
[1] American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders[M]. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. [2] Busch SH, Barry CL. Mental health disorders in childhood: Assessing the burden on families[J]. Health Affairs, 2007, 26: 1088-1095. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.68.3.1608-1619.2000. [3] Croen LA, Najjar DV, Ray GT, et al. A comparison of health care utilization and costs of children with and without autism spectrum disorders in a large group-model health plan[J]. Pediatrics, 2006, 118(4): e1203-e1211. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-0127. [4] Shimabukuro TT, Grosse SD, Rice C. Medical expenditures for children with an autism spectrum disorder in a privately insured population[J]. J Autism Dev Disord, 2008, 38(3): 546-552. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-007-0424-y. [5] Barrett B, Byford S, Sharac J, et al. Service and wider societal costs of very young children with autism in the UK[J]. J Autism Dev Disord, 2012, 42(5): 797-804. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1306-x. [6] Raz R, Lerner-Geva L, Leon O, et al. A survey of out-of-pocket expenditures for children with autism spectrum disorder in Israel[J]. J Autism Dev Disord, 2013, 43(10): 2295-2302. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1782-2. [7] 武丽杰. 孤独症谱系障碍儿童家庭疾病负担的现状与思考[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(3): 321-324. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.03.001.Wu LJ. Status and thoughts on family disease burden of children with autism spectrum disorders[J]. Chin J Sch Heal, 2018, 39(3): 321-324. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.03.001. [8] 王佳, 于聪, 孙彩虹, 等. 孤独症患儿236名家庭疾病负担状况调查[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2010, 31(2): 138-140. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2010.02.008.Wang J, Yu C, Sun CH, et al. Survey on disease burden of families among 236 autism children[J]. Chin J Sch Heal, 2010, 31(2): 138-140. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2010.02.008. [9] 梁小华, 刘友学, 刘静涛, 等. 重庆市孤独症儿童疾病负担及影响因素分析[J]. 医学与哲学(B), 2017(2): 91-94. DOI: 10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2017.02b.22.Liang XH, Liu YX, Liu JT, et al. Analysis the disease burden of autism in Chongqing[J]. Med Philos (B), 2017(2): 91-94. DOI: 10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2017.02b.22. [10] 杨静, 赵春宏. 呼和浩特市孤独症儿童就诊康复及疾病负担现状[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(9): 1401-1403. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.09.035.Yang J. Zhao CH. Current situation of treatment, rehabilitation and disease burden of autistic children in Hohhot[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(9): 1401-1403. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.09.035. [11] 许占斌, 王佳, 孙笑一, 等. 黑龙江省孤独症谱系障碍儿童家庭经济负担现状[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(3): 335-337, 342. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.03.005.Xu ZB, Wang J, Sun XY, et al. A cross-sectional study on financial burden in families of children with autism spectrum disorder in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Chin J Sch Heal, 2018, 39(3): 335-337, 342. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.03.005. [12] 杨昱, 王曼. 学龄前孤独症儿童家庭的职业和经济负担调查[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2014, 22(2): 295-297, 361. DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2014.02.007.Yang Y, Wang M. Employment and financial burdens of families with preschool-aged children with autism[J]. Chin J Clin Psychol, 2014, 22(2): 295-297, 361. DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2014.02.007. [13] 中国公益研究院. 中国自闭症儿童现状分析[EB/OL]. (2012-04-03)[2021-04-15]. http://news.hexun.com/2012-04-03/140035684.html.China Academy of public welfare. Analysis of the current situation of autistic children in China[EB/OL]. (2012-04-03)[2021-04-15]. http://news.hexun.com/2012-04-03/140035684. html. [14] 熊妮娜, 杨丽, 于洋, 等. 孤独症、肢体残疾、智力残疾儿童家庭经济负担调查[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2010, 16(8): 785-788. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2010.08.029.Xiong NN, Yang L, Yu Y, et al. Investigation to family economic burden of children with autism, physical disability or intellectual disability[J]. Chin J Rehabilitation Theory Pract, 2010, 16(8): 785-788. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2010.08.029. [15] Vismara LA, Colombi C, Rogers SJ. Can one hour per week of therapy lead to lasting changes in young children with autism?[J]. Autism, 2009, 13(1): 93-115. DOI: 10.1177/1362361307098516. [16] Kuhlthau K, Hill KS, Yucel R, et al. Financial burden for families of children with special health care needs[J]. Matern Child Heal J, 2005, 9(2): 207-218. DOI: 10.1007/s10995-005-4870-x. [17] Beecham J. Annual research review: Child and adolescent mental health interventions: a review of progress in economic studies across different disorders[J]. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2014, 55(6): 714-732. DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12216. [18] 吕柯, 马英鹏. 当前我国医疗卫生资源分配中存在的主要问题[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2008, 12(6): 626-629. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3679.2008.06.034.Lv K, Ma YP. Main problems in the allocation of health resources in present China[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2008, 12(6): 626-629. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3679.2008.06.034.