2017―2019年福州市饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果

曹祥玉; 徐幽琼; 廖冬冬

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.09.018

2017―2019年福州市饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.09.018

350004 福州，福州市疾病预防控制中心地方病与慢性病防治科

基金项目:

福州市卫生健康科技计划项目 2019-S-wp5

详细信息

通讯作者:
曹祥玉，E-mail: fzcxyu@126.com

中图分类号: R181.3⁺4;R599
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-28
- 修回日期: 2021-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-10

Monitoring results of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Fuzhou from 2017 to 2019

Department for Endemic and Chronic Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350004, China

Funds:

Fuzhou Health Science and Technology Project 2019-S-wp5

More Information

Corresponding author: CAO Xiang-yu, E-mail: fzcxyu@126.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解福州市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区防治措施落实效果和病情变化趋势，为及时调整防治措施提供依据。方法调查福州市所有病区村改水情况，改水工程运转情况，测定水氟含量; 在每个病区县中随机抽取3个病区村作为固定监测点，调查病区村8~＜13岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况，2019年对监测村25岁及以上成人进行尿氟测定。结果 2017年6月―2019年6月共调查11个改水工程，所有改水工程均正常运转。工程水氟范围为0.05~0.76 mg/L，水氟合格率100%。共检查8~＜13岁儿童1 346人(次)，氟斑牙检出率为1.26%，氟斑牙指数为0.03。2017―2019年儿童氟斑牙每年检出率依次为1.75%、1.40%和0.67%，各年度间氟斑牙检出率差异无统计学意义(χ² =2.062, P=0.357)。2017―2019年儿童氟斑牙病例全部集中于闽侯县，该县检出率分别为21.21%、17.95%和13.04%，各年度间氟斑牙检出率差异无统计学意义(χ² =0.616, P=0.700)。该县8~＜13岁组氟斑牙检出率分别为4.55%、18.18%、20.00%、20.00%和27.27%，各年龄组间差异无统计学意义(χ² =4.499, P=0.346);男女儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为27.66%和8.33%，差异有统计学意义(χ² =6.037, P=0.014)。2019年共检测成人尿氟样本450份，尿氟范围为0.04~3.76 mg/L，几何均值为0.80 mg/L。结论福州市实施改水降氟措施防治饮水型地方性氟中毒效果良好。应加强动态监测，持续巩固防治成效。
- 饮用水 /
- 氟中毒 /
- 监测
Abstract: Objective To understand the effect of the prevention measures and the trend of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Fuzhou, so as to provide basis for the timely adjustment of the prevention measures. Methods To investigate the situation of water improvement and the operation of water improvement projects in allepidemic villages of the city, and to determine the fluorine content in water. Three villages were randomly selected as fixed monitoring villages in each monitored county. All children aged 8- < 13 in the villages were examined for dental fluorosis. Urinary fluoride in adults aged over 25 were detected in 2019. Results A total of 11 water improvement projects were investigated from June 2017 to June 2019. All water improvement projects were in normal operation. The range of fluoride in water was 0.05-0.76 mg/L, and the qualified rate of fluorine in water was 100%. A total of 1 346 children (times) aged 8- < 13 years were examined from 2017 to 2019. The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 1.26% and fluorosis community index was 0.03. From 2017 to 2019, the detection rate of dental fluorosis were 1.75%, 1.40% and 0.67% respectively, and the difference between different years was not statistically significant (χ² =2.062, P=0.357). The cases of dental fluorosis in children from 2017 to 2019 were all concentrated in Minhou County, with the detection rates of 21.21%, 17.95% and 13.04%, respectively, and the difference between different years was not statistically significant (χ² =0.616, P=0.700). The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged from 8- < 13 were 4.55%, 18.18%, 20.00%, 20.00% and 27.27%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ² =4.499, P=0.346). The detection rate of dental fluorosis between boys and girls were 27.66% and 8.33% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ² =6.037, P=0.014). A total of 450 samples of adult urine fluoride were detected in 2019, with a range of 0.04-3.76 mg/L and a geometric mean of 0.80 mg/L. Conclusions The effect of changing water supply and reducing fluorine in Fuzhou to prevent drinking water endemic fluorosis is good. Dynamic monitoring should be strengthened to continuously consolidate the effectiveness.
- Drinking water /
- Fluorosis /
- Monitoring

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表 1 2017―2019年福州市地氟病病区村改水降氟工程运行情况[n(%)]

Table 1. The operation of water improvement projects in allepidemic villages in Fuzhou from 2017 to 2019 [n(%)]

年份	病区村数	改水工程数	覆盖人口数(万人)	工程规模		运转情况			水氟含量范围(mg/L)	合格工程数
年份	病区村数	改水工程数	覆盖人口数(万人)	大型工程	小型工程	正常	间歇	报废	水氟含量范围(mg/L)	合格工程数
2017	12	11	2.76	4(36.36)	7(63.64)	11(100.00)	0	0	0.05~0.76	11(100.00)
2018	12	11	2.96	4(36.36)	7(63.64)	11(100.00)	0	0	0.05~0.68	11(100.00)
2019	12	11	2.46	4(36.36)	7(63.64)	11(100.00)	0	0	0.09~0.40	11(100.00)

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表 2 2017―2019年福州市地氟病监测村8~＜13岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况[n(%)]

Table 2. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8- < 13 years in the monitoring villages in Fuzhou from 2017 to 2019 [n(%)]

县(市)区	年份	监测村数^a	检查例数	正常人数	氟斑牙分度^b			病例数	氟斑牙检出率(%)	氟斑牙指数
县(市)区	年份	监测村数^a	检查例数	正常人数	可疑	极轻度	轻度	病例数	氟斑牙检出率(%)	氟斑牙指数
长乐区
	2017	3	64	63(98.44)	1(1.56)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.01
	2018	3	161	159(98.76)	2(1.24)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.00
	2019	3	181	178(98.35)	3(1.66)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.00
福清市
	2017	3	195	191(97.95)	4(2.05)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.01
	2018	3	196	191(97.45)	5(2.55)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.01
	2019	2	114	112(98.25)	2(1.75)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.01
连江县
	2017	2	109	109(100.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.00
	2018	2	104	104(100.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.00
	2019	2	127	127(100.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0(0.00)	0	0.00	0.00
闽侯县
	2017	2	33	18(54.55)	8(24.24)	4(12.12)	3(9.09)	7	21.21	0.42
	2018	2	39	25(64.10)	7(17.95)	5(12.82)	2(5.13)	7	17.95	0.32
	2019	2	23	17(73.92)	3(13.04)	3(13.04)	0(0.00)	3	13.04	0.20
注：^a每年监测村庄一样; ^b未检出中度及重度儿童氟斑牙病例。

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表 3 2017―2019年福州市闽侯县地氟病监测村不同年龄性别儿童氟斑牙患病情况[n(%)]

Table 3. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children of different ages and genders in the monitoring villages in Minhou County, Fuzhou from 2017 to 2019 [n(%)]

变量	检查例数	正常人数	氟斑牙分度^a			病例数	氟斑牙检出率(%)	氟斑牙指数
变量	检查例数	正常人数	可疑	极轻度	轻度	病例数	氟斑牙检出率(%)	氟斑牙指数
年龄(岁)
8~＜9	22	17(77.27)	4(18.18)	1(4.55)	0(0.00)	1	4.55	0.14
9~＜10	11	6(54.55)	3(27.27)	2(18.18)	0(0.00)	2	18.18	0.32
10~＜11	20	11(55.00)	5(25.00)	4(20.00)	0(0.00)	4	20.00	0.33
11~＜12	20	11(55.00)	5(25.00)	3(15.00)	1(5.00)	4	20.00	0.38
12~＜13	22	15(68.18)	1(4.55)	2(9.09)	4(18.18)	6	27.27	0.48
性别
男	47	22(46.81)	12(25.53)	9(19.15)	4(8.51)	13	27.66	0.49
女	48	38(79.17)	6(12.50)	3(6.25)	1(2.08)	4	8.33	0.17
注：^a未检出中度及重度儿童氟斑牙病例。

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表 4 2019年福州市饮水型地方性氟中毒监测村成人尿氟检测结果

Table 4. Urine fluoride results of adults in the monitoring villages in Fuzhou in 2019

县(市)区	监测村	调查人数	尿氟最大值(mg/L)	尿氟最小值(mg/L)	尿氟几何均数(mg/L)
连江县	石头村	50	3.41	0.23	0.89
	岱云村	50	3.76	0.16	0.84
闽侯县	后福村	50	2.22	0.20	0.56
	大模村	50	1.92	0.32	0.76
福清市	下坝村	50	2.18	0.23	0.81
	墩头村	50	3.08	0.31	1.11
长乐区	三溪村	50	1.99	0.23	0.88
	黄石村	50	2.40	0.04	0.55
	琅峰村	50	2.21	0.22	0.93
合计		450	3.76	0.04	0.80

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