COVID-19疫情下上海市社区居民社会支持、焦虑及睡眠质量关系研究

徐澳; 王伟炳; 朱丹红; 高晶

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.02.011

COVID-19疫情下上海市社区居民社会支持、焦虑及睡眠质量关系研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.02.011

徐澳¹,
王伟炳¹,
朱丹红²,
高晶^2, ,

1.
200032 上海，复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室，公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室
2.
200030 上海，上海市徐汇区徐家汇街道社区卫生服务中心

详细信息

通讯作者:
高晶，E-mail: 13524194121@163.com

中图分类号: R181; R395.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-19
- 修回日期: 2021-05-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-10

Study on relationship among social support, anxiety and sleep quality of residents in Shanghai under COVID-19 epidemic

1.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
2.
Community Health Service Center of Xujiahui Street, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China

More Information

Corresponding author: GAO Jing, E-mail: 13524194121@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市社区居民在COVID-19疫情期间其社会支持、焦虑及睡眠质量的情况，并分析三者之间的关系。方法采用问卷对居民的社会支持、焦虑以及睡眠质量情况进行调查，问卷选自社会支持评定量表、焦虑自评量表及匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表，调查上海市社区居民在COVID-19疫情下社会支持、焦虑、睡眠质量情况并对其可能的影响因素进行分析，最后拟合结构方程模型，探索三者的关系。结果共回收问卷258份，其中有效问卷237份。结果显示在不同最高学历的居民之间，其睡眠质量(P=0.004)及社会支持(P=0.009)间的差异有统计学意义。结构方程模型拟合指数CFI=0.929，NFI=0.891，IFI=0.930，NNFI=0.907，RMSEA=0.082，χ² /df=2.599，拟合效果良好，其结果表明居民所受社会支持可在一定程度上影响其焦虑程度(r=-0.15)，所受社会支持越高，其焦虑程度越低。而焦虑程度可影响睡眠质量(r=0.72)，焦虑程度越高，睡眠质量越差。结论 COVID-19疫情期间上海市居民的社会支持与其焦虑程度相关，而焦虑程度与睡眠质量相关，可通过提升居民的社会支持，降低其焦虑程度，从而提高其睡眠质量。
- COVID-19 /
- 社会支持 /
- 焦虑 /
- 睡眠质量 /
- 结构方程模型
Abstract: Objective To describe the social support, anxiety, and sleep quality of residents in the District of Shanghai during the COVID-19 and to analyze the to correlation of these factors. Methods A structured questionnaire was used to investigate residents' social support, anxiety, and sleep quality. The questionnaire consisted of social support rate scale, the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), investigated the social support, anxiety, and sleep quality of residents in the District of Shanghai under the COVID-19 epidemic and analyzed their potential influencing factors. Structural equation model was constructed to understand the relationship among these factors. Results A total of 258 questionnaires were collected, with 237 being eligible for analyzeing. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in sleep quality (P=0.004) and social support (P=0.009) among residents with different highest education levels. The structural equation model-fitting indices were CFI=0.929, NFI=0.891, IFI=0.930, NNFI=0.907, RMSEA=0.082, χ² /df =2.599. It indicated that the fitting degree was good. The results showed that the social support of residents could affect their anxiety degree to some extent (r=-0.15). The higher the social support, the lower the anxiety degree they had. Moreover, the degree of anxiety could affect the sleep quality ( r=0.72), and the higher the degree of anxiety, the worse the sleep quality they had. Conclusion During the epidemic of COVID-19, residents' social support is related to their anxiety level, and the anxiety level is related to their sleep quality. By improving residents' support, their degree of anxiety could be reduced to improve their sleep quality.
- COVID-19 /
- Social support /
- Anxiety /
- Quality of sleep /
- Structural equation model

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图 1 2020年上海市徐汇区居民社会支持、焦虑及睡眠质量之间关系的结构方程模型

注：D1~D19的含义见表 2；SUP：社会支持；SQI：睡眠质量；ANX：焦虑程度。

Figure 1. Structural equation model of the relationship between social support, anxiety, and sleep quality among residents in Xuhui District, Shanghai in 2020

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表 1 2020年上海市徐汇区居民人口学特征及不同特征人群焦虑程度、睡眠质量及社会支持的差异[n (%)]

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of residents in Xuhui District, Shanghai in 2020, and differences in anxiety, sleep quality, and social support among groups of different characteristics [n (%)]

人口学特征	人数[n(%)]	焦虑程度			睡眠质量			社会支持
人口学特征	人数[n(%)]	得分(x±s)	P值	t/F值	得分(x±s)	P值	t/F值	得分(x±s)	P值	t/F值
性别			0.059	1.898		0.131	1.516		0.297	1.045
男	98(41.3)	5.28±3.15			5.00±4.28			20.69±5.73
女	118(49.8)	6.09±3.15			5.87±4.36			20.13±5.90
不详	21(8.9)
婚姻状况			0.518	0.660		0.211	1.567		0.916	0.088
未婚	37(15.6)	6.19±3.13			4.97±4.13			20.05±4.72
已婚	162(68.4)	5.73±3.21			5.28±4.39			20.30±6.01
丧偶、离异或分居	25(10.5)	5.24±2.83			6.88±4.75			20.68±5.10
不详	13(5.5)
最高学历			0.465	0.900		0.004	3.959		0.009	3.469
未受过学校教育	8(3.4)	4.63±2.33			5.00±4.63			18.13±5.08
小学	11(4.6)	7.18±4.09			9.26±4.43			17.38±6.27
初中	46(19.4)	5.80±3.06			6.63±4.49			19.59±5.39
高中或中专	74(31.2)	5.37±2.73			5.47±4.46			21.13±5.68
大专及以上	88(37.1)	6.00±3.48			4.74±3.85			21.31±5.82
不详	10(4.2)
职业			0.101	1.739		0.582	0.807		0.550	0.846
学生	7(3.0)	7.43±4.39			5.29±5.09			21.57±5.65
医疗卫生人员	26(11.0)	7.23±3.85			6.35±4.61			22.45±5.84
国家机关、事业单位人员	14(5.9)	5.79±3.04			4.93±3.65			19.23±6.57
专业技术人员、公司职员	19(8.0)	6.42±3.70			4.21±3.85			20.81±5.60
个体经营者	5(2.1)	6.40±3.29			7.00±3.16			18.20±3.90
退休人员	127(53.6)	5.32±2.65			5.46±4.36			20.37±5.56
自由职业者	11(4.6)	5.18±3.49			6.91±5.09			22.09±2.81
不详	28(11.9)
疫情前月收入(元)			0.151	1.700		0.111	1.903		0.097	1.990
＜3 000	20(8.4)	7.56±3.01			7.35±5.24			19.96±5.48
3 000~＜5 000	113(47.7)	5.54±2.87			5.66±4.31			20.22±5.52
5 000~＜10 000	79(33.3)	5.98±3.31			5.15±4.08			21.25±5.65
10 000~＜20 000	12(5.1)	5.17±4.06			2.92±4.23			22.70±4.70
≥20 000	3(1.3)	5.00±3.61			5.67±3.51			19.00±6.56
不详	10(4.2)
年龄(岁)			0.700	0.476		0.301	1.225		0.772	0.374
20~＜50	77(33.9)	6.08±3.52			5.10±4.30			20.88±5.33
50~＜60	33(14.5)	5.37±3.08			6.55±4.14			20.34±4.93
60~＜70	88(38.8)	5.74±2.98			5.76±4.38			20.52±5.71
≥70	29(12.8)	5.53±2.86			4.79±4.40			19.57±7.69
不详	10(4.2)
注：分类不详的数据计算其(x±s)无意义，故对应栏为空。

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表 2 2020年上海市徐汇区居民睡眠质量、焦虑及社会支持关系的结构方程模型拟合结果

Table 2. Structural equation model fitting results of the relationship between sleep quality, anxiety, and social support among residents in Xuhui District, Shanghai in 2020

模型系数	回归系数	$ {s_{\overline x }}$	标化回归系数
D1-不能在30 min内入睡(睡眠质量)	0.902	0.190	0.359
D2-早醒(睡眠质量)	0.821	0.200	0.298
D3-做噩梦(睡眠质量)	1.000	＜0.001	0.531
D5-开车、吃饭或参加社会活动时难以保持清醒状态(睡眠质量)	1.288	0.224	0.462
D6-反应迟钝(睡眠质量)	1.338	0.171	0.746
D7-集中注意力困难(睡眠质量)	1.741	0.210	0.907
D8-感觉与其他人疏远或分离(社会支持)	-0.767	0.070	-0.653
D9-与邻居之间相互关心(社会支持)	0.864	0.046	0.732
D10-与同事之间相互关心(社会支持)	1.000	＜0.001	0.837
D11-从家庭成员得到的支持和帮助(社会支持)	1.100	0.064	0.888
D12-遇到急难时，得到安慰和关心(社会支持)	1.158	0.066	0.906
D13-遇到急难时，得到经济支持和解决实际问题的帮助(社会支持)	1.005	0.107	0.578
D14-遇到烦恼时，向他人倾诉或求助(社会支持)	0.692	0.098	0.452
D15-感到比往常更加神经过敏和焦虑(焦虑程度)	1.000	＜0.001	0.803
D16-容易心烦意乱或感到恐慌(焦虑程度)	1.119	0.072	0.893
D18-感到无力且容易疲劳(焦虑程度)	0.795	0.099	0.594
D19-感到自我心跳较快(焦虑程度)	0.831	0.091	0.700

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