上海市大学生新型冠状病毒疫苗接种意愿及影响因素

周美玲; 潘金花; 王伟炳; 郭晓芹

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.02.012

上海市大学生新型冠状病毒疫苗接种意愿及影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.02.012

周美玲^{1, 2},
潘金花¹,
王伟炳¹,
郭晓芹^2, ,

1.
200032 上海，复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室
2.
201620 上海，松江区疾病预防控制中心

基金项目:

比尔-梅琳达·盖茨基金会资助项目 2020INV-006277

详细信息

通讯作者:
郭晓芹，E-mail: guoxiaoqin1102@163.com

中图分类号: R181;R186
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-26
- 修回日期: 2021-08-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-10

Analysis of willingness and influencing factors of vaccination against novel coronavirus among college students in Shanghai

1.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
2.
Songjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201620, China

Funds:

The Bill & Melinda Gates foundation 2020INV-006277

More Information

Corresponding author: GUO Xiao-qin, E-mail: guoxiaoqin1102@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市大学生接种新型冠状病毒疫苗(新冠疫苗)的意愿及影响因素。方法选择2021年2月23日―2021年3月15日上海市四所不同学科类别院校的学生进行在线问卷调查，分析新冠疫苗接种意愿率，采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型探讨影响新冠疫苗接种意愿的因素。结果 4 462名被调查者接种意愿率为78.04%，Logistic回归分析模型结果显示，与医学类院校相比，理工科类及职业技术类院校的学生接种意愿相对较高(OR=1.53、1.50)，不认同疫苗对于保护健康是非常重要的(OR=0.11)、不认同所有在国内通过国家药品监督管理局(药监局)上市的疫苗都是安全的(OR=0.42)、周边无人接种(OR=0.68)的调查对象接种意愿低。不愿意接种的主要原因是担心疫苗的安全性(73.88%)和有效性(55.61%)。进一步调查显示，如果政府、医生、家人朋友建议接种新冠疫苗，原先选择不接种或不确定接种新冠疫苗的调查对象，表示愿意进行接种的比例分别为37.86%、48.27%、35.31%。结论上海市大学生新冠疫苗接种意愿率较高，相关部门应做好疫苗接种协调工作，以便接种工作得以有效进行。
- 新冠疫苗 /
- 接种意愿 /
- 大学生 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Objective To investigate the willingness and influencing factors with novel coronavirus vaccines(COVID-19 vaccines) among college students in Shanghai. Methods From February 23 to March 15, 2021, a web based questionnaire survey was conducted among students from four colleges to analyze the willingness rate of COVID-19 vaccines. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors of the willingness to receive vaccines. Results Of 4 462 subjects, 78.04% were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analysis showed that students from the technology university and the vocational school had higher willingness to vaccinate (OR=1.53, 1.50), compared with those from medical college. Respondents did not agree that vaccines are important for protecting health (OR=0.11) and did not agree that all vaccines marketed through National Medical Products Administration are safe (OR=0.42) were less willing to be vaccinated. Those who had no one nearby to vaccinate against COVID-19 were less willing to be vaccinated (OR=0.68). The main reasons for refusing or hesitating to be vaccinated were concerned about the safety(73.88%) and efficacy(55.61%) of the vaccine. Further investigation showed that 37.86%, 48.27% and 35.31% of respondents who had previously chosen not to vaccinate or were unsure about vaccinating against COVID-19 were willing to vaccinate if recommended by the government, doctors, relatives and friends, respectively. Conclusion The willingness rate of COVID-19 vaccination among college students was high in Shanghai. The relevant departments should do a good job in the coordination of vaccination so that the vaccination work can be carried out effectively.
- COVID-19 vaccine /
- Willingness /
- College students /
- Influencing factors

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图 1 不愿意和不确定接种的原因分析(多选)

Figure 1. Reasons for refusing or hesitating to vaccinate against COVID-19 (multi-option)

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表 1 调查对象的基本信息及新冠疫苗接种意愿的单因素分析[n(%)]

Table 1. Basic information about the respondents and univariate analysis of willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 [n(%)]

变量	例数(n)	百分比(%)	接种意愿[n(%)]		χ²值	P值
变量	例数(n)	百分比(%)	愿意	不愿意和不确定	χ²值	P值
院校					28.127	＜0.001
文科类院校	743	16.65	558(75.10)	185(24.90)
工科类院校	2 688	60.24	2 165(80.54)	523(19.46)
职业技术类院校	626	14.03	450(71.88)	176(28.12)
医学类院校	405	9.08	309(76.30)	96(23.70)
性别					3.638	0.056
男	1 738	38.95	1 382(79.52)	356(20.48)
女	2 724	61.05	2 100(77.09)	624(22.91)
民族					2.252	0.133
汉族	4 194	93.99	3 263(77.80)	931(22.20)
少数民族	268	6.01	219(81.72)	49(18.28)
教育水平					24.828	＜0.001
本科	3 123	69.99	2 385(76.37)	738(23.63)
硕士	1 315	29.47	1 083(82.36)	232(17.64)
博士	24	0.54	14(58.33)	10(41.67)
宗教信仰					0.289	0.591
无	4 262	95.52	3 329(78.11)	933(21.89)
有	200	4.48	153(76.50)	47(23.50)
医保					28.906	＜0.001
有	3348	75.03	2 675(79.90)	673(20.10)
无	46	1.03	37(80.43)	9(19.57)
不清楚	1068	23.94	770(72.10)	298(27.90)
个人可支配收入(年)					3.632	0.163
＜1万	2 275	50.99	1 790(78.68)	485(21.32)
1~3万	1 619	36.28	1 266(78.20)	353(21.80)
＞3万	568	12.73	426(75.00)	142(25.00)
周边是否有人确诊COVID-19					0.855	0.355
是	69	1.55	57(82.61)	12(17.39)
否	4 393	98.45	3 425(77.96)	968(22.04)
疫情期间隔离史					3.403	0.065
有	766	17.17	617(80.55)	149(19.45)
无	3 696	82.83	2 865(77.52)	831(22.48)
有无认识的人奋战在抗击疫情的一线					3.953	0.139
有	1 449	32.47	1 156(79.78)	293(20.22)
无	2 565	57.49	1 977(77.08)	588(22.92)
不清楚	448	10.04	349(77.90)	99(22.10)
疫苗对于保护健康是非常重要的					744.272	＜0.001
同意	3 859	86.48	3 269(84.71)	590(15.29)
不同意	32	0.72	8(25.00)	24(75.00)
不清楚	571	12.80	205(35.90)	366(64.10)
所有在国内通过药监局上市的疫苗都是安全的					345.055	＜0.001
同意	2 687	60.22	2 348(87.38)	339(12.62)
不同意	300	6.72	186(62.00)	114(38.00)
不清楚	1 475	33.06	948(64.27)	527(35.73)
近三年是否接种过流感疫苗					2.704	0.100
是	931	20.87	745(80.02)	186(19.98)
否	3 531	79.13	2 737(77.51)	794(22.49)
周边有人接种新冠疫苗					61.888	＜0.001
有	1 699	38.08	1 424(83.81)	275(16.19)
没有	1 884	42.22	1 433(76.06)	451(23.94)
不清楚	879	19.70	625(71.10)	254(28.90)

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表 2 调查对象对COVID-19知识知晓情况与接种意愿的关系[n(%)]

Table 2. The association between participants' knowledge about COVID-19 and their willingness to vaccinate [n(%)]

变量	例数(n)	百分比(%)	接种意愿[n(%)]		χ²值	P值
变量	例数(n)	百分比(%)	愿意	不愿意和不确定	χ²值	P值
不是所有感染SARS-CoV-2的人都会发展成重症。老人、有慢性病的人才更有可能发展成为重症					14.030	＜0.001
对	2 461	55.15	1 972(80.13)	489(19.87)
错或不清楚	2 001	44.85	1 510(75.46)	491(25.54)
无发烧症状的SARS-CoV-2确诊患者不会将病毒传染给他人					49.763	＜0.001
错	4 178	93.64	3 308(79.18)	870(20.82)
对或不清楚	284	6.36	174(61.27)	110(38.73)
儿童和年轻人不需要采取措施来预防SARS-CoV-2的感染					71.667	＜0.001
错	4 318	96.77	3 411(78.99)	907(21.01)
对或不清楚	144	3.23	71(49.31)	73(50.69)
隔离和治疗SARS-CoV-2感染者是减少病毒传播的有效方法					63.607	＜0.001
对	4 214	94.44	3 339(79.24)	875(20.76)
错或不清楚	248	5.56	143(57.66)	105(42.34)

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表 3 调查对象预防COVID-19的行为与接种意愿的关系[n(%)]

Table 3. The association between participants' behavior to prevent COVID-19 and their willingness to vaccinate [n(%)]

预防行为	例数(n)	百分比(%)	接种意愿[n(%)]		χ²值	P值
预防行为	例数(n)	百分比(%)	愿意	不愿意和不确定	χ²值	P值
您在过去一周内去往公共场所是否佩戴口罩					39.533	＜0.001
是	4 316	96.73	3 399(78.75)	917(21.25)
否及不确定	146	3.27	83(56.85)	63(43.15)
您在疫情严重期间是否尽量避免出门					30.213	＜0.001
是	4 326	96.95	3 402(78.64)	924(21.36)
否及不确定	136	3.05	80(58.82)	56(41.18)
您在疫情严重期间出门时，是否尽量避免乘坐公共交通设施					13.751	＜0.001
是	4 141	92.81	3 258(78.68)	883(21.32)
否及不确定	321	7.19	224(69.78)	97(30.22)
您在疫情严重期间，是否尽量跟人保持社交距离					36.484	＜0.001
是	4 309	96.57	3 393(78.74)	916(21.26)
否及不确定	153	3.43	89(58.17)	64(41.83)
您在疫情严重期间，是否注意勤洗手、保持个人卫生					61.403	＜0.001
是	4 370	97.94	3 441(78.74)	929(21.26)
否及不确定	92	2.06	41(44.57)	51(55.43)

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表 4 影响新冠疫苗接种意愿多因素分析

Table 4. Multiple Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19

变量	例数(n)	β值	OR(95% CI)值	P值
院校
医学类院校	405	1.00
文科类院校	743	0.06	1.06(0.77~1.46)	0.703
理工科类院校	2 688	0.42	1.53(1.15~2.03)	0.003
职业技术类院校	626	0.40	1.50(1.06~2.12)	0.022
教育水平
本科	3 123	1.00
硕士	1 315	0.19	1.21(1.00~1.47)	0.051
博士	24	-0.90	0.40(0.16~1.04)	0.061
医保
有	3 348	1.00
无	46	0.16	1.17(0.52~2.63)	0.709
不清楚	1 068	-0.13	0.87(0.72~1.06)	0.168
疫苗对于保护健康是非常重要的
同意	3 859	1.00
不同意	32	-2.18	0.11(0.05~0.26)	＜0.001
不清楚	571	-1.89	0.15(0.12~0.19)	＜0.001
所有在国内通过药监局上市的疫苗都是安全的
同意	2 687	1.00
不同意	300	-0.86	0.42(0.31~0.57)	＜0.001
不清楚	1 475	-0.75	0.47(0.39~0.56)	＜0.001
周边有人接种疫苗
有	1 699	1.00
没有	1 884	-0.38	0.68(0.57~0.82)	＜0.001
不清楚	879	-0.48	0.62(0.50~0.78)	＜0.001
新冠知识(分)
0	83	1.00
1	43	0.54	1.72(0.69~4.31)	0.245
2	190	0.78	2.18(1.10~4.30)	0.025
3	1 836	0.95	2.57(1.41~4.68)	0.002
4	2 310	1.01	2.75(1.51~5.01)	0.001
预防行为(分)
0	40	1.00
1	10	0.53	1.70(0.27~10.57)	0.567
2	38	0.33	1.39(0.42~4.65)	0.591
3	84	1.01	2.75(0.95~7.97)	0.063
4	326	1.04	2.82(1.07~7.44)	0.036
5	3 964	0.85	2.34(0.91~6.00)	0.076

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表 5 影响新冠疫苗推广的因素分析[n(%)]

Table 5. Analysis of influencing factors for COVID-19 vaccine to spread [n(%)]

变量	例数(n)	百分比(%)
如果政府建议您接种新冠疫苗，您是否愿意接种
是	371	37.86
否	228	23.27
不清楚	381	38.88
如果医生建议您接种新冠疫苗，您是否愿意接种
是	473	48.27
否	181	18.47
不清楚	326	33.27
如果家人朋友建议您接种新冠疫苗，您是否愿意接种
是	346	35.31
否	270	27.55
不清楚	364	37.14
如果您的亲戚朋友都接种了，您是否愿意接种新冠疫苗
是	369	37.65
否	245	25.00
不清楚	366	37.35

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