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中国不同风险人群心血管疾病的膳食和体力活动状况

崔晴梅 李建新 曹杰 刘芳超 黄克勇 陈恕凤 陈纪春 黄建凤 顾东风 鲁向锋

崔晴梅, 李建新, 曹杰, 刘芳超, 黄克勇, 陈恕凤, 陈纪春, 黄建凤, 顾东风, 鲁向锋. 中国不同风险人群心血管疾病的膳食和体力活动状况[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2022, 26(3): 251-256. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.03.002
引用本文: 崔晴梅, 李建新, 曹杰, 刘芳超, 黄克勇, 陈恕凤, 陈纪春, 黄建凤, 顾东风, 鲁向锋. 中国不同风险人群心血管疾病的膳食和体力活动状况[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2022, 26(3): 251-256. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.03.002
CUI Qing-mei, LI Jian-xin, CAO Jie, LIU Fang-chao, HUANG Ke-yong, CHEN Shu-feng, CHEN Ji-chun, HUANG Jian-feng, GU Dong-feng, LU Xiang-feng. Diet and physical activity in Chinese people with different risks of cardiovascular disease[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2022, 26(3): 251-256. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.03.002
Citation: CUI Qing-mei, LI Jian-xin, CAO Jie, LIU Fang-chao, HUANG Ke-yong, CHEN Shu-feng, CHEN Ji-chun, HUANG Jian-feng, GU Dong-feng, LU Xiang-feng. Diet and physical activity in Chinese people with different risks of cardiovascular disease[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2022, 26(3): 251-256. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.03.002

中国不同风险人群心血管疾病的膳食和体力活动状况

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.03.002
基金项目: 

国家重点研究计划 2017YFC0211700

国家重点研究计划 2016YFC0206503

国家重点研究计划 2018YFC1311703

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程 2017-I2M-1-004

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程 2019-I2M-2-003

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    鲁向锋,E-mail: xiangfenglu@sina.com

  • 中图分类号: R181.2

Diet and physical activity in Chinese people with different risks of cardiovascular disease

Funds: 

National Key Research & Development Program of China 2017YFC0211700

National Key Research & Development Program of China 2016YFC0206503

National Key Research & Development Program of China 2018YFC1311703

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences 2017-I2M-1-004

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences 2019-I2M-2-003

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  评价中国不同风险人群心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)理想生活方式中膳食和体力活动的分布状况,为CVD的防治提供科学依据。  方法  利用来自全国22 220名35~74岁既往无CVD个体的调查资料,使用中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险预测(prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in China, China-PAR)模型进行10年CVD风险评估并分组: < 5%为低风险,5%~ < 10%为中风险,≥10%为高风险。比较不同风险人群中膳食(蔬菜水果、鱼类、红肉、豆制品和茶)和体力活动指标分布情况。  结果  中国35~74岁人群中,10年CVD风险低、中、高风险者分别占75.6%、14.9%和9.4%。与女性相比,男性的膳食(56.6% vs. 75.6%)、体力活动(46.2% vs. 57.6%)理想比例均较高(均有P < 0.05)。蔬菜水果和鱼类理想率均随着CVD风险水平的升高呈现下降趋势(均有P < 0.05),其中水果和鱼类摄入不足在CVD高风险和低风险人群中差异最大。体力活动理想率随风险水平升高呈现下降趋势(P < 0.001),其中女性高、低风险组体力活动理想率差异较大(28.7% vs. 48.4%)。  结论  CVD高风险组人群的膳食、体力活动理想率最低,女性尤为严重,应积极引导高风险人群摄入蔬菜水果和鱼类,参与体育锻炼。
  • 图  1  不同CVD风险组理想生活方式构成

    Figure  1.  Percentage of ideal health behaviors according to CVD risk categories

    表  1  10年CVD不同风险人群基线特征[n (%)]

    Table  1.   Baseline characteristics of participants with different 10-year CVD risks [n (%)]

    特征 低风险(n=16 804) 中风险(n=3 317) 高风险(n=2 099) 合计(N=22 220) F2 P
    年龄(岁) 45.5±7.2 57.4±7.8 a 61.9±7.8 a 48.9±9.5 7 254.21 < 0.001
    男性 7 299(43.4) 1 891(57.0) a 1 367(65.1) a 10 557(47.5) 493.06 < 0.001
    北方 6 626(39.4) 1 934(58.3) a 1 584(75.5) a 10 144(45.7) 1 228.07 < 0.001
    城市 7 826(46.6) 1 600(48.2) 1 011(48.2) 10 437(47.0) 4.41 0.110
    吸烟 4 593(27.3) 1 280(38.6) a 866(41.3) a 6 739(30.3) 297.14 < 0.001
    饮酒 3 888(23.2) 873(26.3) a 581(27.8) a 5 342(24.0) 32.75 < 0.001
    高中及以上文化程度 5 599(33.6) 783(24.0) a 432(21.0) a 6 814(30.7) 225.04 < 0.001
    年收入≥6 000(元/年) 5 152(31.0) 1 004(30.5) 634(30.6) 6 790(30.6) 0.41 0.813
    BMI(kg/m2) 23.1±3.3 24.4±3.9 a 25.2±3.9 a 23.5±3.5 512.82 < 0.001
    SBP(mm Hg) 116.9±14.2 137.3±17.6 a 154.1±23.1 a 123.4±20.0 6 696.99 < 0.001
    DBP(mm Hg) 75.9±9.8 83.8±11.9 a 88.5±14.1 a 78.2±11.4 1 888.97 < 0.001
    FPG(mmol/L) 5.1±1.1 5.6±1.8 a 6.2±2.3 a 5.3±1.4 720.08 < 0.001
    TC(mmol/L) 4.8±0.9 5.1±1.0 a 5.2±1.1 a 4.8±1.0 329.02 < 0.001
    理想生活方式
      吸烟 11 992(71.4) 1 986(59.9) a 1 193(56.8) a 15 171(68.3) 308.92 < 0.001
      膳食 11 254(67.0) 2 079(62.7) a 1 252(59.6) a 14 585(65.6) 59.55 < 0.001
      体力活动 9 161(54.5) 1 524(46.0) a 783(37.3) a 11 468(51.6) 271.50 < 0.001
      BMI(kg/m2) 12 534(74.6) 1 929(58.2) a 1 000(47.6) a 15 463(69.6) 881.23 < 0.001
    注:连续变量表示为(x±s),采用单因素方差分析比较组间差异,统计量为F值;分类变量表示为[n (%)],采用χ2检验比较组间差异,统计量为χ2值;a与低风险组比较P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  男女性不同CVD风险组膳食和体力活动因素分布

    Table  2.   Distribution of diet and physical activity according to CVD risk categories among men and women

    项目 男性 女性
    低风险(%) 中风险(%) 高风险(%) 合计(%) χ2趋势 P趋势 低风险(%) 中风险(%) 高风险(%) 合计(%) χ2趋势 P趋势
    理想膳食ab 78.1 71.8 66.5 75.6 51.51 < 0.001 59.6 46.6 38.1 56.6 111.56 < 0.001
    蔬菜水果ab 64.5 62.0 56.5 63.0 19.56 < 0.001 66.8 62.1 57.1 65.6 23.30 < 0.001
    蔬菜a 78.4 69.8 54.6 74.0 185.94 < 0.001 78.0 62.9 53.1 74.7 167.89 < 0.001
    水果a 31.1 24.3 16.3 27.8 87.17 < 0.001 29.2 22.7 16.4 28.0 44.27 < 0.001
    鱼类ab 55.9 36.3 27.5 48.6 255.26 < 0.001 47.1 29.5 18.2 42.9 224.81 < 0.001
    豆制品b 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.2 1.50 0.221 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.31 0.253
    红肉ab 56.2 62.7 66.0 58.6 31.42 < 0.001 45.6 39.8 37.0 44.3 19.47 < 0.001
    b 40.6 39.7 38.0 40.1 2.01 0.157 15.8 14.4 18.1 15.8 1.04 0.307
    体力活动ab 58.6 58.4 52.0 57.6 12.07 < 0.001 48.4 39.1 28.7 46.2 84.98 < 0.001
    注:各风险组变量均校正年龄。a男女性不同风险组人群中,膳食因素、体力活动组间差异比较均有P < 0.05;b男女性总体膳食、体力活动因素差异比较均有P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV
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